考研考博-英语-桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项permutable“可排列的；能交换的”；C选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不……。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。

2.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。

第2题:主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。

3.单选题

Thekeytothisnewmaterialdevelopmentisresearchers'increasingabilityto（

）substancesatthemolecularlevel.

问题1选项

A.formulate

B.manipulate

C.regulate

D.stimulate

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:这种新材料开发的关键在于研究人员需要提升如何在分子水平上合成物质的能力。

formulate:规划，制定，用公式表示。manipulate:控制，操纵,影响。regulate:约束，管理，控制。stimulate：使兴奋，促进，激励。因此A项符合句意,在句子中语义为“合成”。

4.翻译题

WhenvisitingtheU.K.andlookingtoseewhatphonesthelocalsuse,oddsarethateveryotheronehasGoogleorAndroiddeviceinhand.ResearchfromKantarWorldpanelComTechbywayoftheMobileBusinessBriefingindicatesthatAndroidphonescommanda49.9percentmarketshareintheU.K.,upfrom29percentayearago.MuchoftheAndroidsharecomesattheexpenseofacompetitoryoumightexpecttobehurtingtoobadly:Apple’siPhone.

ThereareafewreasonsIcanthinkofthatexplainthenumbers,andIexpectabitofareversalinthenextsixmonthsorso.First,eventhoughtheiPhone4wasapopularmodelformorethanayear,otherAndroidphonesarrivedtothemarketbeforethetraditionalyearlyiPhonerefresh.IsuspectsomeintheU.K.decidednottowaitfortheiPhone4SandinsteadpurchasedanewSamsungorHTCdevice.Indeed,thesetwohandsetmakersaccountedfor83percentofallAndroidsalesintheU.K.inthethree-monthperiodendingOct.2.

【答案】答：

如果你在英国，你会发现街上每两个人中就有一个使用的是安装谷歌或安卓系统的智能手机。市场研究公司KantarWorldpanelComTech通过移动商业简报完成的研究发现，安卓手机在英国市场的市占率达49.9%，环比上升了29%。而安卓手机的市场份额大多数来自于苹果公司的iPhone。

为什么市场份额会有这么大的变动？我想原因有很多，而且我预计在未来六个月内将有一定的反弹。首先，虽然iPhone4已经流行了一年多，但更多的安卓手机趁苹果公司新款发布会之前进入了市场。我猜测一些人决定不再等待iPhone4S，转而购买了三星或者HTC的新款手机。截至十月二日，在过去的三个月期间，这两大手机生产商占据了英国安卓手机83%的份额。

5.单选题

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto（）,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

问题1选项

A.revolt

B.revolve

C.reverse

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】句意:90年代初期发生的若干国际事件，似乎有可能逆转或者至少能够缓解80年代出现的趋势。

考查动词辨析。revolt叛逆，反抗，不及物动词,故排除；revolve旋转，环绕，不及物动词,故排除。Reverse颠倒，逆转。Revive（使）苏醒，复兴，复活。根据句意“或者至少能够缓解”可知C正确。

6.单选题

（）tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

问题1选项

A.NosoonerhadhebegunC.Hardlyhadhebegun

B.C.HardlyhadhebegunB.

C.HardlyhadhebegunB.Notuntilbegan

D.Scarcelydidhebegin

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配题。Hardly...when.…表示“一...就..”。句意：他刚一开始说话,

观众就打断了他。

7.单选题

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.

问题1选项

A.goastray

B.wander

C.diverge

D.gooff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。goastray“走入歧途；迷路”；wander“徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge“分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；gooff“离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.

Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.

16.Theword“paradox”(Para.1)means“____”.

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

17.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because____.

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena

18.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause____.

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

19.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause____.

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

20.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause____.

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

问题1选项

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

问题2选项

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena

问题3选项

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

问题4选项

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

问题5选项

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】16.词义推断题。根据题干定位到第1段第1句Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.（我们认为物理科学是“硬科学”，社会科学是“软科学”，而生物科学则介于两者之间，这是一个奇怪的____。）；第2句Thisisinterpretedtomeanthat…（这意味着我们对物理系统的认识比我们对生物系统的认识更确定，而生物系统又比我们对社会系统的认识更确定。）；第3句Intermsof…onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.（然而，就我们对相关宇宙进行采样的能力而言，以及我们对这些宇宙的想象至少大致正确的可能性而言，有人怀疑颠倒顺序更合理。）根据第2、3句判断，第1句对三种的科学的排序有两种完全相反的观点，B选项“矛盾”最相符，原文paradox意为“悖论”；A选项“暗示”、C选项“解释”、D选项“困惑，不确定”不符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

17.事实细节题。题干“根据作者的观点，我们应该扭转我们对物理科学的‘硬’分类和对社会科学的‘软’分类，因为____”，可定位到原文第1段第3句Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.（然而，就我们对相关宇宙进行采样的能力而言，以及我们对这些宇宙的想象至少大致正确的可能性而言，有人怀疑颠倒顺序更合理。）由此可知，颠倒顺序与“采样的能力”以及“现有观点的正确性”有关。根据颠倒后的顺序判断，社会科学比物理科学的采样能力很强，正确性更大，D选项“与对物理现象的调查能力相比，我们对社会现象的调查能力更强”符合原文。A选项“逆向排序有助于促进物理科学的发展”，原文并未提及，排除；B选项“我们对物理系统的认识比社会系统的认识更可靠”，与原文意思相反，社会系统的认识更可靠，排除；C选项“我们对社会制度的理解大致正确”，可定位到第1段第5句Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.（因此，尽管我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面极其不准确，但它不太可能被新的发现严重地推翻。）由此可知，我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面极其不准确，选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

18.事实细节题。题干“作者认为，我们对社会系统的知识比物理系统的知识更可靠，因为____”，可定位到第1段第5句Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.（因此，虽然我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面极其不准确，但是它不太可能被新的发现完全推翻。）我们对社会系统的知识不容易被新的发现推翻即更可靠，B选项“新发现不太可能出现在社会科学领域”，表述与原文不符，不是没有新发现，而是新发现不会完全推翻现有理论，排除。根据原文therefore提示，原因可以定位到前一句话Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.（我们有能力对地球的社会系统进行抽样，并有一定的信心对整个系统中合理的样本进行调查。）由此可知，因为有合理的样本数据，我们对社会系统的认识更可靠，C选项“它依据的数据量是非常有代表性的”，表述符合原文；A选项“它不是基于个人经验”，可定位到第1段最后一句…eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.（……即使它是建立在非常不完善的个人经验上），由此可知，它是基于个人经验的，只不过这对正确性的影响不大，选项表述不正确；D选项“关于社会系统的记录更可靠”，可定位到第2段倒数第2句...comparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems...（……和丰富的关于社会系统的记录相比……），文中指提到了关于社会系统的记录丰富，并没有就可靠程度进行比较，选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

19.事实细节题。题干“物理科学最有可能发生巨大变化的原因是____”，可定位到原文第3段第1句Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,ofevenofearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.（相比之下，我们对宇宙的认识，甚至对地球的地质历史的认识，都很容易随着新数据的加入和新理论的提出而发生革命性的变化。）由此可知，原因有两个，“新数据的加入”和“新理论的出现”，B选项“新信息不断地加入”符合原文；原文并没有说新出现的理论是与现有理论是矛盾的，A选项“矛盾的理论层出不穷”不符合原文；C选项“发展的方向很难预测”，原文并未提及，排除；D选项“我们对物质世界的认识是不准确的”，可定位到原文第2段第2句Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,then...thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure...（如果我们将“可靠性”定义为整个系统的各个部分遭受重大变化的可能性的话，那么……物理科学是最不可靠的……）由此可知，物理科学最不可靠即我们对物质世界的认识不准确，是因为关于物理世界的理论很容易发生重大变化，而题干问的是很容易发生重大变化的原因是什么，选项表述答非所问。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

20.判断推理题。题干“我们对宇宙的了解比我们对任何社会系统的了解都要少，是因为____”可定位到原文第3段倒数第2句Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.（我们对宇宙的认识是最可靠的，是因为我们观察到的是如此小的一个样本，并且关于它的记录，与社会系统丰富的记录甚至生物系统有限的记录相比，是微不足道的。）由此可知，我们对宇宙的了解很少是因为样本和记录很少。根据原文第1段第4句Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.（我们有能力对地球的社会系统进行抽样，并有一定的信心对整个系统中合理的样本进行调查）。可知，我们对社会系统的认识可靠是因为有合理的样本数据，综合这两点来看，我们对宇宙的了解很少是因为样本的缘故，C选项“只有非常小的一部分样本已经被观察到”，符合原文；A选项“关于它的起源和历史有各种各样的理论”，可定位到原文最后一段Eveninregardto...themoon,...theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.（即使是对于……月球……，关于它的起源和历史的理论也是截然不同，相互矛盾，难以选择。）由此可知，A选项表述的是对月球的认识，只是文章举的一个例子，与题干无关，排除；B选项“我们对它的认识是非常不可靠的”，因为对宇宙了解比较少，所以形成的认识也不可靠，B选项因果倒置，排除；D选项“很少的科学家参与天文学的研究”，原文并未提及“参与天文学研究的科学家”少，虽然提到了关于宇宙的记录很少，但是并未提到记录少的原因，D选项属于主观臆测，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

9.单选题

（

）nolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinuedefinitelyonceitstarted.

问题1选项

A.Therewere

B.Werethere

C.Therewas

D.Ifthereis

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果没有由于摩擦而使能量丧失，运动将无限期地继续下去。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。根据句意推测此处属于与现在事实相反的条件句,故用虚拟语气:条件从句的谓语动词为were或动词过去式，主句部分为would/should/might/could+动词原形，故B正确。

10.单选题

Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,（

）uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.

问题1选项

A.inwhich

B.forwhom

C.withwhich

D.ofwhom

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这门课程通常每年会吸引二十名学生，其中有一半是留学生。

语法题。考查定语从句。题干后半部分为定语从句修饰先行词20students。定语从句中缺少关系词。选项D中,of表示“在…中”,后面接关系代词which。

11.单选题

Afussypersonusuallyhasonlyafewfriends.

问题1选项

A.Afilthy

B.Apicky

C.Anobstinate

D.Astubborn

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Afilthy一个下流的（人）B.Apicky一个挑剔的（人）

C.Anobstinate一个执拗的（人）D.Astubborn一个固执的（人）

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】划线词形容人，后文提到“通常只有几个朋友”，指这种人不怎么受欢迎，原词fussy“挑剔的”，因此，B选项Apicky“一个挑剔的（人）”最符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句句意。

【句意】挑剔的人通常没什么朋友。

12.单选题

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。

句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“livingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.Wemustalsoenactpositivelegislationthatwillprotectvulnerablepeoplefromthosewhoconsidertheirlivesmeaninglessortoocostlytomaintainandwhowouldcausetheirdeathsbywithholdinglife-sustainingcaresuchasfoodandwater.

1.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

2.Inparagraph3,theauthorfindsstarvationanddehydrationinducedeuthanasiaistobe"moreinsidious"because

（

）.

3.Asusedinparagraph3,whatisthebestsynonymforinsidious?

4.Theauthormaintainsthatdeathbywithholdingcareis

（

）.

5.Asusedinparagraph7,whichisthebestdefinitionofabridged?

6.Themainideaofparagraph7isthat

（

）.

7.Inthefinalparagraphtheauthorwrites,"Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestill

ourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect."Themainpurposeofthisstatementisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.pleading

B.argumentative

C.compassionate

D.emphatic

E.mpathetic

问题2选项

A.euthanasiaislegallyconsideredtobeacriminalact

B.thepublic'sattitudetowardeuthanasiaisbecomingmorepositive

C.itofteninvolvesthosewhocannotprotest

D.thepatienthasaskedtodiewithdignity

E.itsperpetratorsareviewedaskindlycaregivers

问题3选项

A.mischievous

B.treacherous

C.seductive

D.apparent

E.cumulative

问题4选项

A.largelyconfinedtohospitals

B.largelyconfinedtotheterminallyill

C.oftenrequestedbyfamilymembers

D.approvedbylivingwills

E.difficulttoproveifprosecuted

问题5选项

A.trimmed

B.curtailed

C.lengthened

D.extended

E.compressed

问题6选项

A.lawyerswillbeunabletoprosecuteordefendcaregivers

B.nocomprehensiverightorwrongdefinitionofeuthanasiawillexist

C.usingasubjectivestandardwillmake