考研考博-英语-宣城职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宣城职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

______designedtohelppoorAfricanconsumers,thebeefprogramisreallyaimedathelpingrichEuropeanfarmers.

问题1选项

A.Ostensibly

B.Constantly

C.Ultimately

D.Furtively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项ostensibly“表面上，外表”，B项constantly“不断地，时常地”，C项ultimately“最后，根本，基本上”，D项furtively“偷偷地，暗中地”。由thebeefprogramisreallyaimedathelpingrichEuropeanfarmers“牛肉项目实际上是为了帮助富有的欧洲农民”可知，前后语义上是转折关系，那么与really“实际上”相对的是ostensibly“表面上”。句意：这个牛肉项目表面上是为了帮助贫穷的非洲消费者，实际上是为了帮助富裕的欧洲农民。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

ThomasLeech（）averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

问题1选项

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。buildup“增强，加强”；carvedout“创业，开创”；foughtfor“为而奋斗”；stumbleon“无意中发现，偶然遇到”。句意：托马斯作为一名摄影师开创了一份成功的事业。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

问题1选项

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的,小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。

4.单选题

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

问题1选项

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。fulfillment“履行，实行，满足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“创新”；illumination“阐明”。句意：成功后他获得了一种满足感。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Thismethod________myheadache.Itreallytakeseffect.

问题1选项

A.soothes

B.sobers

C.soars

D.soaks

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。soothes“安慰，缓和”；sobers“使严肃，使清醒”；soars“上升，高耸”；soaks“浸泡，渗透”。句意：这种方法减轻了我的头痛，真的起了作用。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Alotofchildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhomelife.

问题1选项

A.ensured

B.stripped

C.accused

D.inquired

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensured“确保”；B选项stripped“剥夺”；C选项accused“控告”；D选项inquired“询问”。句意：许多孩子被剥夺了正常的家庭生活。划线部分deprived是剥夺的意思。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

PassageOne

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

21.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

22.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Paragraph1)impliesthat（）.

23.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

24.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

25.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据文章第一句Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（我们可以责怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的快节奏，但道路上的礼仪正变得可怕）可以推断出，C选项“司机的行为”符合题意。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据划线部分“你可能会容忍那些古怪的横冲直撞、粗鲁无礼的司机，但如今那些有礼貌的司机却是例外”可以推断出，有礼貌的司机不多见，因此D选项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。

23.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior（当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑）可以推断出，司机的goodsense是指他们能理智地看待别人的行为并做出适当的反应，因此A选项“司机的理解能力和合理反应的能力”正确。

24.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.（多年前，专家警告我们，汽车保有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多的互让）可知，B选项“司机们应该做好互相让道的准备”正确。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（马路礼貌不仅是一种礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）和第三段第一句However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，错误的礼貌也可能是危险的）可知，作者认为司机应文明驾驶，但又要恰当地礼让，因此B选项“司机应该适当地使用道路礼貌”正确。

8.单选题

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

问题1选项

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。privilege“特权”；possibility“可能性”；possession“拥有，财产”；preference“偏爱，优先权”。句意：调查结果描绘了一幅关于顾客购物习惯的独特画面，以及他们的动机和偏好。D项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

问题1选项

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配题。根据句意‘这些调查表明许多犯罪…，主要因为不是所有的受害者都会举报。’确定空格处填的意思是否定含义‘没有被记录’，动词go与否定式的过去分词连用，表示某动作未发生，A选项正确。

10.单选题

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（无情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

问题2选项

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

问题3选项

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

问题4选项

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

问题5选项

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据题干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威尔先生是铁路公司的一名工程师，由于一名扳道工因negligence而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手）。由此推测negligence意为疏忽，过失。ignorance无知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮丧；经济大萧条。据此可知，C项正确。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手，而非法威尔本人。D项的说法错误。

3.题干问的是法院对火灾案的判决结果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而离得较远的房屋的损失则不在赔偿范围）。因此，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失。

4.根据题干关键词resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公众舆论开始反对铁路公司——反对他们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价以及他们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，C选项“经济损失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件。

11.单选题

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

问题1选项

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项athand“在手边，即将到来”；B选项inturn“轮流，依次”；C选项inconclusion“总之，最后”；D选项atlength“详细地”。句意：导师目前没有时间进行详细说明，但他就自己的计划给了我们一个大概的看法。根据后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，选项D符合语境。

12.单选题

CharlesReznikoof(1894-1976)workedrelentlessly,neverleavingNewYorkbutforabriefstayinHollywood,ofallplaces.HewasadmiredbyPoundandKennethBurke,andoftenpublishedhisownworks;intheDepressionera,hemanagedatreadleprintingpressinhisbasement.Hewrotethreesortsofpoems:exceptionallyshortimagisticlyrics;longerpiecescraftedandcobbledfromothersources,oftenfromtheJudaictradition;andbook-lengthpoemswroughtfromthetestimonybothofHolocausttrialsandfromthecourtroomsoftum-of-the-centuryAmerica.Twoofthesefull-lengthvolumeswereindeedtitles“Testimony”,aswasanearlierprosework;itwasawordthatkepthimclosecompany.Whenaskedlateinlifetodefinehispoetry,itwasnotthewordhechose.

“Objectivist”,hewrote,naminghislongstandinggroup,andmimickingpoeticstylewithasingleprosesentence:“imagesclearbutthemeaningnotstatedbutsuggestedbytheobjectivedetailsandthemusicoftheverse;wordspithyandplain;withouttheartificeofregularmeters;themes,chieflyJewish,American,urban.”Ifthesentencesoundshard-won,thisisperhapsbecauseitwas.Fourdecadesearlier,hewroteinalettertofriends,“ThereisalearnedarticleaboutmyverseinPoetrythismonth,fromwhichIlearnthatIamanobjectivist.”ThelearnedfellowwasLouisZukofsky,brillianteminenceoftheobjectivists,“withwhomIdisagreeastobothformandcontentofverse,buttowhomIamobligedforplacingsomeofmythingshereandthere.”SoreadReznikoof’sconclusionin1931,withitsfillipofpoliteresentment.

Movementsandschoolsarearbitraryandimmaterialthingsbywhichpoetichistoryistold.ThismusthaverankledReznikoof,whospenthiswritinglifetracingthematerialandthenecessary.

BornachildofimmigrantsinBrooklynin1894,hewasinjournalismschoolat16,tookalawdegreeat21.Thoughhewaslittleinterestedinlegalpractice,theideaswouldbeneartheheartofhiswriting.Idealpoeticlanguage,hewrote,“isrestrictedalmosttothetestimonyofawitnessinacourtoflaw.”Ifthissuggestsacongenitaloptimismaboutthelaw,itmadeforastonishinglycare-filledpoetry.Reznikoofisunsurpassedinconveyingthesensethatworldisworthgettingright.Notthegloriousorthedamagedworld,buttheworldthatiseverythingthatisthecase.Reznikoof’sfaithinthefactsofthecasetakesonanintensitynolesssocialthanspiritual,nogreaterwhensurveyingtheOldTestamentthanNewYork.Thiscollectiongathersallhispoems(butforthosealreadybook-length)bythetechniqueofcompressingontosinglepagesasmanyasfiveorsixatatime.Thiscanlessentheforce;eachisasortofAmericanhaiku,thoughnomoreimpressionisticthanahand-operatedprintingpress.Onesuch,numbered69inthevolume“JerusalemtheGolden”runsinitslength:“Amongtheheapsofbrickandplasterliesagirder,stillitselfamongtherubbish.”ThisexemplarycoupletissometimestakentorepresentReznikoof’spoetryitself,immutableandcertainamidthetransitory.

1.Bysaying“itwasawordthatkepthimclosecompany”(Line8,Paragraph1)theauthorimplies（

）.

2.Reznikoff'sattitudetothefactthathewasgroupedasobjectivistis（

）.

3.Theword“rankled”(Line2,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthe4thparagraphthat（

）.

5.Bycitingthepoeminthelastparagraph,theauthorintendsto（b）.

问题1选项

A.CharlesReznikoffalwayswroteworksabouttestimony

B.CharlesReznikoofwasalwaysinvolvedinthetestimonyaffairs

C.CharlesReznikooflikedtowritetestimony

D.CharlesReznikoofisbusylawyer

问题2选项

A.approval

B.indifference

C.opposition

D.suspicionNormal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

问题3选项

A.interested

B.angered

C.pleased

D.consoled

问题4选项

A.Reznuikofflikedtolearnlaw

B.Reznikoffwasmoreinterestedinspiritualworldthaninsocialworld

C.itisastonishingthatReznikoffwrotecare-filledpoetry

D.Reznikoffwasgreatlyinfluencedbyhislegalexperienceinhispoetrywriting

问题5选项

A.showthattheforceislessenedinthisway

B.showthatthepoemisnotimpressionistic

C.showthatthepoemisimmutable

D.showthatthepoemiscompressed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Twoofthesefull-lengthvolumeswereindeedtitles‘Testimony’,aswasanearlierprosework;itwasawordthatkepthimclosecompany.其中两卷书的标题是证词，就像早期的散文作品一样；这是一个和他形影不离的词。”可知查尔斯喜欢写一些和证词相关的作品。故A项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段“ThereisalearnedarticleaboutmyverseinPoetrythismonth,fromwhichIlearnthatIamanobjectivist.”ThelearnedfellowwasLouisZukofsky,brillianteminenceoftheobjectivists,“withwhomIdisagreeastobothformandcontentofverse,buttowhomIamobligedforplacingsomeofmythingshereandthere.”SoreadReznikoof’sconclusionin1931,withitsfillipofpoliteresentment.这个月的诗里有一篇关于我的诗的学习文章，从中我了解到我是一个客观主义者。这位学者就是路易•祖科夫斯基，他是一位杰出的客观主义者，我对于诗歌的形式和内容都不同意他的观点，但是我不得不把我的一些东西放在这里和那里。雷兹尼考夫1931年的结论是这样的，其中不乏礼貌的不满。”可知查尔斯对于路易斯称其为客观主义者持不赞成的态度。故C项正确。

3.词义题。由第三段“Movementsandschoolsarearbitraryandimmaterialthingsbywhichpoetichistoryistold.ThismusthaverankledReznikoof,whospenthiswritinglifetracingthematerialandthenecessary.运动和学派是讲述诗歌历史的随意、非物质的东西。这肯定会…查尔斯，因为他的写作生涯主要是描述物质和必然的东西。”根据前后句关系可判断两者存在矛盾，即运动和学派讲述的东西会让查尔斯很生气。故B项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第四段“Thoughhewaslittleinterestedinlegalpractice,theideaswouldbeneartheheartofhiswriting.虽然他对法律实践不感兴趣，但这些想法将是他写作的核心。”可知法律在查尔斯的诗歌创作中起到了很大的作用，故D项“查尔斯的诗歌创作深受法律经验的影响”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Thiscollectiongathersallhispoems(butforthosealreadybook-length)bythetechniqueofcompressingontosinglepagesasmanyasfiveorsixatatime.Thiscanlessentheforce;eachisasortofAmericanhaiku,thoughnomoreimpressionisticthanahand-operatedprintingpress.这本诗集收集了他所有的诗歌（但对于那些已经有书本长度的诗歌来说），采用了一次压缩五六页的技术。这可以削弱力量；虽然不比手动印刷机更具有深刻印象，每一句都是一种美国俳句。”后面引用了一首诗作为被压缩之后的诗歌的例子。故D项“显示这首诗被压缩了”正确。

13.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Oneofthemoststrikingresultsofmoderndemocracyhasbeenthegradualbutsteadyerosionofallclassesofdistinctionandthesubsequentlevelingofsocietytothepointwhereeveryoneisexpectedtotreateveryoneelseinexactlythesameway.Wemustmakenodistinctionbetweenyoungandold,maleorfemale,distinguishedordissolute.Asaresult,commoncourtesyisatanalltimelowandanunhealthyreservoirofresentmentatanalltimehigh.Everypersonsuspectsheisnotreceivinghisdueandissuspiciousthatdeference(尊重)intheformofcourtesyonhispartwillbemistakenassubmission.Authorityissuspectedtobenothingbuttheunfairabuseofpowerandyetpeopleseemtobeseekingtruesourcesofauthorityamidtherulingrelativismbyfollowingfadsandtheever-changinggurus(领袖)oftheself-helpindustry.Thepressuretoconformtopop-culturestandardsisalsoimmense,somuchso,thatindividualityitselfisthreatened.

(SelectedfromTheMythOfEqualitybyRebeccaBynum,2008)

【答案】现代民主最引人注目的结果之一就是逐渐的但是稳定地削弱阶级差别，同时把社会平等推进到人人期待他人用完全相同的方式平等对待自己的地步。我们必须消除老与少、男与女、高贵与低俗之间的任何差别。结果，共同的礼貌处于历史最低点，不健康的怨愤情绪处于最高点。人人都怀疑自己没有得到足够重视，人人都担心自己以礼貌的方式表现出来的尊重被错误地当作顺从和屈服。权威被人质疑，除了不公正地滥用权力，什么也不是。但人们似乎从控制一切的相对主义中寻找真正的权威，听命于时尚潮流和自我帮助产业中不断更新的大师。与大众文化标准保持一致的压力非常巨大，以至于人们的个性本身遭受威胁。

14.单选题

In1900theUnitedStateshadonlythreecitieswithmorethanamillionresidents-NewYork,Chicago,andPhiladelphia.By1930,ithadtengiantmetropolises.Theneweronesexperiencedremarkablegrowth,whichreflectedbasicchangesintheeconomy.

LineThepopulationofLosAngeles(114,000in1900)rosespectacularlyintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,increasingadramatic1,400percentfrom1900to1930.AnumberofcircumstancescontributedtothemeteoricriseofLosAngeles.Theagriculturalpotentialoftheareawasenormousifwaterforirrigationcouldbefound,andthecityfoundershadthevisionanddatingtoobtainitbyconstructinga225-mileaqueduct,completedin1913,totapthewateroftheOwensRiver.Thecityhadasuperbnaturalharbor,aswellasexcellentrailconnections.Theclimatemadeitpossibletoshootmotionpicturesyear-round;henceHollywood.Hollywoodnotonlysuppliedjobs;itdisseminatedanimageofthegoodlifeinSouthernCaliforniaonscreensallacrossthenation.ThemostimportantsingleindustrypoweringthegrowthofLosAngeles,however,wasdirectlylinkedtotheautomobile.ThedemandforpetroleumtofuelgasolineenginesledtotheopeningoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields,andmadeLosAngelesNorthAmerica'sgreatestrefiningcenter.

LosAngeleswasaproductoftheautoageinanothersenseaswell:itsdistinctivespatialorganizationdependedonwidespreadprivateownershipofautomobiles.LosAngeleswasadecentralizedmetropolis,sprawlingacrossthedesertlandscapeoveranareaof400squaremiles.Itwasacitywithoutarealcenter.Thedowntownbusinessdistrictdidnotgrowapacewiththecityasawhole,andtherapidtransitsystemdesignedtolinkthecenterwithoutlyingareaswitheredawayfromdisuse.Approximately800,000carswereregisteredinLosAngelesCountyin1930,oneper2.7residents.SomevisitorsfromtheeastcoastweredismayedattheendlessurbansprawlanddismissedLosAngelesasamerecollectionofsuburbsinsearchofacity.Butthefreedomandmobilityofacitybuiltonwheelsattractedfloodsofmigrantstothecity.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.TheauthorcharacterizesthegrowthofnewlargecitiesintheUnitedStatesafter1900asresultingprimarilyfrom（）

3.Theword"meteoric"inline6isclosestinmeaningto（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofagriculturearoundLosAngeleswasthe（）

5.ThevisitorsfromtheeastcoastmentionedinthepassagethoughtthatLosAngeles（）

问题1选项

A.ThegrowthofcitiesintheUnitedStatesintheearly1900's.

B.ThedevelopmentoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields.

C.FactorscontributingtothegrowthofLosAngeles.

D.IndustryandcityplanninginLosAngeles.

问题2选项

A.neweconomicconditions

B.imagesofcitiesshowninmovies

C.newagriculturaltechniques

D.alargemigrantpopulation

问题3选项

A.rapid

B.famous

C.controversial

D.methodical

问题4选项

A.influxof"newresidentstoagriculturalareasnearthecity

B.constructionofanaqueduct

C.expansionoftransportationfacilities

D.developmentofnewconnectionstothecity'snaturalharbor

问题5选项

A.wasnotaccuratelyportrayedbyHollywoodimages

B.lackedgoodsuburbanareasinwhichtolive

C.hadanexcessivelylargepopulation

D.wasnotreallyasinglecity

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:通读全文，以及第二段的第三句Anumberof...LosAngeles.可知，本文主要讲的是许多因素促成了洛杉矶的发展。选项C正确。

第2题:根据第一段的最后一句可知，1990年以后，美国大城市的迅速发展主要是由于经济发生了变化，选项A符合原文。

第3题:根据上下文，人口和经济都在以惊人的速度在增长，下文对洛杉矶各个方面的描述也可以看出，这种增长是快速的，所以选项A更贴近原文。

第4题:根据第二段的第三句“Theagriculturalpotential...theOwensRiver”如果能找到灌溉用水，这个地区的农业潜力是巨大的。城市建造者们通过建造一条225英里长的沟渠来获取水资源。所以，发展洛杉矶农业的重要因素就是建造沟渠。选项B正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Somevisitors...ofacity.”一些来自东海岸的游客对无休止的城市扩张感到沮丧，他们认为洛杉矶只不过是郊区的集合。所以选项D正确。

15.单选题

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight轻微的，纤细的，脆弱的；mild温和的，轻微的；minute微小的。句意：“这盏灯太暗了，我没法看书。”我们不是在什么地方有一个明亮的灯泡吗?”老人说。灯光昏暗用dim来形容，选项A正确。

16.单选题

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate“积累;累积”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“类似，像”。根据后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在门口集合，因此选项C符合题意。句意：这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。

17.翻译题

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-rounde