考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海中侨职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.问答题

Ashumankindmovesintothethird(A)millennium,itcan(B)rightfullyclaimtohavebrokennewgroundin(C)theirage-old(D)questtomastertheenvironment.

【答案】C;“their”改为“its”。

【解析】考查代词。句意：随着人类进入第三个千年，人类可以正当地声称其在自古以来对环境的掌控中开辟了新的道路。It代指上文的“humankind”表示人类，为单数形式，所以下文也应该用相应的单数形式“its”。故将C项的“their”改为“its”。

2.单选题

Hedoesnot______hisworkmate,andthereareoftendisagreementsbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.goonwith

B.putupwith

C.getalongwith

D.keepupwith

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.goonwith继续；进行B.putupwith忍受，容忍

C.getalongwith与……和睦相处；取得进展D.keepupwith赶得上；和……保持联系

【答案】C

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句“他们之间经常有分歧”可知，他和他的同事之间的关系不是很好，所以空格处表示“和睦相处”符合句意，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】他和他的同事相处不好，他们之间经常有分歧。

3.单选题

Weare（）totheidea,butwedoubtwhetherthetimeisripetoputitintoforce.

问题1选项

A.equal

B.adequate

C.considerate

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。beequalto等于，相当于；beadequateto胜任，适合；beconsiderateto对……体贴；besympatheticto赞成。句意：我们赞同这一想法，但我们怀疑实施这一想法的时机是否成熟。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'（

）andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.

问题1选项

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:女主人的热情好客给我留下了深刻印象，我在这次晚宴中很开心。

考查名词辨析。Hostility敌意,战争行动;indignation愤慨,义愤;hospitality好客,殷勤;humanity人道,仁慈。故C符合句意。

5.单选题

Thesuspectgavea（

）explanationforhispresenceatthescene,sothepolicedecidedtolookelsewherefortheperpetratorofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.unbelievable

B.credible

C.insufficient

D.apologetic

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。unbelievable“不可信的，站不住脚的”；credible“可信的，可靠的”；insufficient“不充分的，不足的”；apologetic“道歉的，辩解的”；根据句意‘由于嫌疑人为自己在现场的出现做出了（

）解释，所以警察决定转向其它地方搜寻该犯罪的作案者。’确定B选项正确。

6.单选题

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

问题2选项

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

问题3选项

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

问题4选项

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

问题5选项

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(这已经不是一个学术的问题。例如，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作的工业生产中，需要人们从白天工作变为晚上工作的问题变得越来越重要了)。故选C“因为一些工业领域要求上夜班”。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适应与常规生活颠倒的睡眠吋间和猜醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工业生产中，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生)。故选B“频繁更换工作吋间的工人的日常生活周期被打乱”。

3.细节事实题。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看来，唯一真正可以解决问题的方法就是将晚班交给一些长期上夜班的工人)。故选C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的时间内，体温通常都比较高，但是在夜晚则比较低)。因此选D“人在工作效率高吋，休温都比较高”。

5.判断推理题。根据第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到个人是如何快速适应正常时间的颠倒，同时也可成为筛选的基础)以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前为止，这种形式的筛选似乎并没有在实践中得到应用)可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选项B错误。根据最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一个人何时适应的一种方法是测量他的体温。白天正常工作的人在清醒的时候会有高温，晚上会有低温)可知选项A“体温可以作为衡量工人工作的一个指标”正确。根据最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期间每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快地适应一个颠倒的习惯)可知选项C“每隔一段吋间测量体温，可以显示个人是如何适应常规变化”正确。根据第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她发现在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障碍和其他障碍的发生率很高，但在长期夜班的人中，这些现象没有异常发生)可知选项D“长期上夜班的或上长白班的人很少出现睡眠被打乱的现象”正确。

7.单选题

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

问题1选项

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项savings“积蓄；节省物”；B选项storage“贮存”是不可数名词；C选项stocks“存货；股份”；D选项reserves“储备”。填一个名词做主语，Grain做其定语，由不定式的内容可知reserves“储备”符合题意，句意为：粮食储备是用来保证非农业人口消费和应对严重自然灾害的。故答案选D。

8.单选题

The100AkerWoodmaylooklikeadark,forbiddingplacethesedaysforMichaelD.Eisner.That’swhereWinniethePooh，Piglet，andEeyorelive,andthecartooncharacters—whichrepresentatleast$1billionayearinrevenuesforEisner’sWaltDisneyCo.—areinfullrevolt.A12-years-oldlawsuit,sealedinaLosAngelescourtuntilJanuary,hascometolight,andaseriesofcourtrulingsthreatenthemediagiantwithhundredsofmillionsinoverduelicensepaymentsandpossiblythelossofoneofitsmostlucrativeproperties.

HowlargeahitDisneywilltakeisstillindispute.Disneyisappealingtworulings,includingoneallegingthatcompanyexecutivesknowinglydestroyedimportantpapersrelatedtoitslicensingdeals.ThePoohaffairmayseemminoratatimewhenEisnerisunderattackforDisney’schronicallyweakstockpriceandABC’sanemicratings,buttheDisneychairmanhardlyneedsmorejostlingfromaSillyOldBear.What’smore,theimpactcouldbesignificant.AfteracknowledgingtotheSecuritiesExchangeCommissiononAug.9that“damagescouldtotalasmuchasseveralhundredmilliondollars”orthelossofthelicensingagreement,Disneywashitwithnewshareholderlawsuits.

Disneywantstokeepitsgriponthatbearandhishoneyjar.PoohisDisney’ssinglelargestproperty,saysMartinBrocksteinexecutiveeditorofTheLicensingLetter.Thataddsuptoabout$100millioninoperatingearningsfromroyaltiesonPoohT-shirts,backpacks,andothermerchandise?FiguresGerardKlauerMatheson&Co.analystJeffreyLogsdon.Lastyear,Disneypaid$352milliontoonepairofheirsofWinnie-the-PoohauthorA.A.Milne.ButthefamilyofStephenA.Slesinger,aNewYorkliteraryagentwhoboughttheU.S.rightsin1930，saysDisneyowesthem$200milliononlicensesforT-shirtsandothermerchandiseandhascutthementirelyoutofthelucrativevideocassetteandDVDarena.HeadedbyShirleySlesingerLasswell,an80-year-oldwidowwhotravelswithaWinnie-the-Poohbeareverywhere,thefamilycontendsitisowedcloseto$1billion,sayitslawyers.Disney,whichsaysitpaystheSlesingers$12millionayear,insiststhe$1billionfigureisapublicitystunt.“The1930contractsaystheygetroyaltiesonmerchandisealone,notallexploitation,”saysDisneyattorneyDanielJ.Petrocelli.

TheSlesingersalsochargethatDisneylostdocumentsrelatedtomerchandisesalesanddestroyedothersthatextendedtheaccordtoDVDsandvideotapes.OnJune18，LosAngelesSuperiorCourtJudgeErnestM.HiroshigerejectedtheauditbyaforensicaccountanthethoughtundulyfavoredDisneyandfoundthatDisney“misusedthediscoveryprocess”byhidingthefactthatitdestroyeddocumentsthatmighthaveexpandedthelicensingagreementtotapesandDVDs.

Absentthosedocuments—whichincludethepapersofthelateDisneyConsumerProductschiefVincentJefferds—thecasemayhingeonthe“mommymemo.”Thatmemo,writtenin1983bySlesingerdaughterPatriciatohermother,Shirley,describesameetingwithJefferdsattheBeverlyHillsHotelatwhichJefferdsallegedlytoldPatricia“thatvideosandallthesenewthingswerecoveredandtoshutupaboutit,”accordingtocourtdocuments.BecauseDisneydestroyedJefferds’letters,JudgeHiroshigeruledthatDisneyisbarredfrom“introducingevidencedisputing”thefamily’scontentionthattheywereentitledtoroyaltiesonvideocassettes.Disneyisappealingtheruling.

Settlementseemsunlikelyamongtheparties.Oneobstacle:thestill-simmeringanimositytowardSlesingerlawyerBertramFields,whowona$250millionsettlementforformerDisneystudiochiefJeffreyKatzenberginahyper-charged1999case.Thistime,thecharactermaybesoftandfuzzy,butthepayoutcouldbebigger.ForEisner,PoohisbecomingoneVeryBigBother.

1.Theexpression“infullrevolt”inthesentence“That’swhereWinniethePooh,Piglet,andEeyorelive,andthecartooncharacters...,areinfullrevolt.”(Para.1)impliesthat________.

2.Theword“anemic”intheexpression“Eisnerisunderattackfor..,ABC’sanemicratings”(Para.2)canbeparaphrasedas________.

3.Thesentence“Disneywantstokeepitsgriponthatbearandhishoneyjar.’’(Para.3)canbestbeexplainedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhydoestheauthorsaythatDisney’scasemay“hingeonthe‘mommymemo’”？

5.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thecartooncharactersarenolongerpopular

B.Disneyisseriouslyinvolvedinlawsuits

C.theyshowthesignofdefeatofDisneyinlawsuits

D.thecartooncharactersnolongerplaypositiveroles

问题2选项

A.flexible

B.changing

C.steady

D.declining

问题3选项

A.Disneywantstotakebackthebearsoastomakemorehoney.

B.Disneywantstotakecontrolofitscartooncharacters.

C.DisneywantstokeepthemostprofitablepropertyWinniethePooh.

D.Disneywantstowinthe12-year-oldlawsuit.

问题4选项

A.BecauseDisneyhasbeenbarredfromintroducingfurtherevidence.

B.BecausethedocumentsrelatedtoDisney’smerchandisesalescannotbefound.

C.BecausethismightbetheonlydocumentrevealingDisney’soriginalattitude.

D.BecauseSlesingerdaughterfaithfullyrecordedJefferds’words.

问题5选项

A.Disneyhasintroducedconvincingevidencetodefenditself.

B.Disneyhasdestroyedsomeimportantpapersonpurpose.

C.Disneyhaslostinthe1999casewithJeffreyKatzenberg.

D.ThestockpriceofDisneyhasbeengoingdownforaperiodoftime.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句，“A12-years-oldlawsuit…andaseriesofcourtrulingsthreatenthemediagiantwithhundredsofmillionsinoverduelicensepaymentsandpossiblythelossofoneofitsmostlucrativeproperties.”，可知迪斯尼公司卷入了诉讼案件，将遭受巨大的损失，所以致使那里的维尼熊、小猪皮杰等卡通人物全力反抗。选项B符合题意。

2.词义题。根据文章第二段第三句，“…whenEisnerisunderattackforDisney’schronicallyweakstockpriceandABC’sanemicratings…”，可知艾斯纳受到了两方面的打击，一方面是迪斯尼较低的股价，另一方面是ABC较低的评级，所以anemic的意思应该为低迷的、下降的。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“PoohisDisney’ssinglelargestproperty”，可知小熊维尼是迪斯尼最大的财产，下文接着提到了小熊维尼的商权版税带来的巨大收益，所以迪斯尼想保留最赚钱的财产-小熊维尼。选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“Thatmemo,writtenin1983bySlesingerdaughterPatriciatohermother,Shirley,describesameetingwithJefferdsattheBeverlyHillsHotel…”，可知备忘录是斯莱辛格女儿帕特里夏于1983年写给她的妈妈雪莉的，里面记叙了在贝佛利山酒店与杰拉德的一次会面，杰拉德是迪斯尼产品的消费主管，所以在其他文件都已经销毁的情况下，妈咪备忘录可能是揭示迪斯尼最初态度的文件。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…companyexecutivesknowinglydestroyedimportantpapersrelatedtoitslicensingdeals.”，可知迪斯尼高管销毁了与授权交易相关的重要文件，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“EisnerisunderattackforDisney’schronicallyweakstockprice…”，可知艾斯纳受到迪尼斯股价长期下行的打击。选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段，“Oneobstacle:thestill-simmeringanimositytowardSlesingerlawyerBertramFields,whowona$250millionsettlementforformerDisneystudiochiefJeffreyKatzenberginahyper-charged1999case.”，可知1999年，斯林格律师伯特伦•菲尔兹为迪士尼公司前首席执行官杰弗里•卡森伯格赢得了2.5亿美元的和解金。可推测障碍之一就是迪斯尼诉讼的失败。选项C可排除。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s（）.

问题1选项

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“优秀策划者，幕后操纵者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根据句意：《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是达•芬奇的杰作。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

问题1选项

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

问题2选项

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

问题3选项

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

问题4选项

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

问题5选项

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻译为：然而，恢复主义者们（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品却很少提供证据来支持这种谴责。因此C选项“批评一种现代的环境哲学”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻译为：然而，恢复主义者们（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品却很少提供证据来支持这种谴责。对应D选项“不公平地被恢复主义者批评”。因此D项符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻译为：对二元论的不满有一段时间显著地出现在环保主义者对主流工业社会的不满上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出现，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻译为：然而，恢复主义者们（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品却很少提供证据来支持这种谴责。可知答案为A项“讨论一个次要的问题来充当对一个重要问题进行更详细检查的前奏”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻译为：如果我们可以将生物圈看成是一个单独的生物体且将人类等同于大脑（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我们应该有一个更符合恢复主义者观点的模式。因此A项“Turner和Jordan对恢复主义者计划的描述相比社区参与模式，更接近有机体模式”正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻译为：然而，有关恢复主义者观点的关键问题是恢复计划本身忠实于恢复的基本原则（即自然和人类在根本上是统一的，而不是分开的）的程度。因此可知答案为B“他们的计划与他们的原则不一致”。

11.单选题

Theelevationoftheassistantcoachtotheheadcoachingpositionwithinonly9monthswasasurprise.

问题1选项

A.raise

B.promotion

C.transfer

D.precedence

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.raise加薪B.promotion（职位）晋升

C.transfer（工作）调动D.precedence优先

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句从助理教练（assistantcoach）到主教练（headcoaching）是职位的晋升，B选项“（职位）晋升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”

【干扰项排除】

A选项raise“加薪”，原句侧重职位提高，而不是工资的增加；

C选项transfer“（工作）调动”，没有B选项“（职位）晋升”具体；

D选项precedence“优先”，不符合原文逻辑。

【句意】助理教练在短短9个月内晋升为主教练，这是一个惊喜。

12.翻译题

人们最初是怎样发明文字的现在依然不为人所知。换句话说，语言的起源是个谜。我们所了解的人们与动物不同，他们不知用何种方法发明了一些声音来表达思想和感情、行为和事物，以便能互相交流。后来他们在一些称作字母的符号上达成一致意见，这些字母可以合在一起代表这些声音，而且可以书写。这些声音，无论是以口头还是字母的形式出现，都称作单词。

【答案】Howdidmenfirstlearntoinventwords?Itisstillunknowntopeople;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwesupposeisthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds,inonewayoranother,toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthing