考研考博-英语-华东交通大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东交通大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Noneofthesestudents,includingtheonewhopassedtoday’stestis_______thestandardoflastyear’sstudents.

问题1选项

A.to

B.upto

C.with

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项tothestandard非固定搭配；B选项uptothestandard“达到标准”；C选项withthestandard非固定搭配；D选项onthestandard“按照标准”。句意：包括通过今天测试的学生，没有学生______去年学生的标准。根据语境，这里uptothestandard“达到标准”比较合理，是指和去年的学生相比，今年的学生没有那么优秀。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

问题1选项

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A与B之比”。句意：机械所做的功与其受到的功之比称为机械的效率。答案C

3.单选题

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted（）ofherchildren.

问题1选项

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持；供养；支持者”；B选项retention“保留；扣留，滞留”；C选项perseverance“坚持不懈；不屈不挠”；D选项custody“保管；监护；拘留；抚养权”。句意：在离婚中，母亲通常获得子女的抚养权。由关键词“divorce离婚”可知“抚养权”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Amembershipcard（）theholdertousetheclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

问题1选项

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项approve“同意，赞成”，B项authorize“授权，认可”，C项rectify“纠正，改正”，D项endow“赋予，捐赠”。根据句子关键词membershipcard（会员卡）可知，空格部分表示“授权”，只有B项符合。句意：持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Sexandconnections:thesearenotthecriteriaonwhichscienceshouldbejudged,leastofallbyscientists.Butinthefirstextensiveanalysisofthewaythatfellowshipsinscienceareawarded,whichispublishedthisweekinNature,ChristineWennerasandAgnesWold,microbiologistsatGothenburgUniversity,inSweden,foundthatthesefactorsmatterasmuchas,ifnotmorethan,scientificmerit.

Peerreview,theevaluation(oftenanonymous)ofapieceofscientificworkbyotherscientistsinthesamefield,iscentraltothewayinwhichscienceproceeds.Journalsuseittohelpdecidewhethertopublishpapersandfundingagenciesuseitwhendecidingtowhomtoawardgrants.

Dr.WennerasandDr.Woldanalyzedthereviewsofthe114applicationsthattheSwedishMedicalResearchCouncilreceivedforthe20postdoctoralfellowshipsitofferedin1995.Oftheapplicants,46%werewomen,ofthesuccessfulrecipients,oftheawardsonly20%werewomen.

Inprinciple,ofcourse,thatmightreflecttheirabilities.Inpractice,otherfactorsseemtobeatwork.

Whenthecouncilgetsagrantapplication,itisevaluatedbyfivereviewers,onthreemeasures:scientificcompetence,theproposedmethodologyandtherelevanceoftheresearch.Eachmeasureisgivenascoreofbetweenzeroandfour;eachreviewer’sscoresaremultipliedtogether,givingasinglescorebetweenzeroand64;andfinally,thescoresfromthereviewersareaveragedtogether,givingthetotalscore.

Dr.WennerasandDr.Woldidentified,aftercarefulanalysis,twofactorsthatimprovedthescoressignificantly:beingmaleandknowingareviewer.Infact,thedifferencewassogreatthatinordertogetthesamecompetencescoreasaman,awomanwouldneedeithertoknowsomeoneonthecommitteeortohavepublishedthreemorepapersthanthemaninNatureorScience.Itisoftenjokedthatawomanhastobetwiceasgoodasamantodowell;Dr.WennerasandDr.Woldfoundthatshewouldneedtobe,onaverage,2.5timesasgoodontheirmeasurestoberatedashighlybyreviewers.Suchbeingthecase,ambitiouswomanwouldperhapsdowelltoreturntoatime-honoredbutsupposedlyobsoletetradition,andapplyunderamalename.

1.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatistheothermostimportantfactorbesidesexthatmayaffectpeerreviewscores?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbyusing“supposedly”inthelastsentence?

4.Thispieceofwritingismostlikely______.

问题1选项

A.Abusesinpeerreview

B.Favoritismingrantingfellowships

C.Acomparisonofmaleandfemalescientists

D.Sexdiscriminationinthescienceworld

问题2选项

A.Connections

B.Publicationofpapersinmajorsciencejournals

C.Competenceoftheresearcher

D.Methodsusedbytheresearch

问题3选项

A.Itisnolongerfashionableforwomentowriteundermalenames.

B.Biasagainstwomenstillexiststoday.

C.Womentodayareonanequalfootingwithmen.

D.Nowadayswomendoaswellinscienceasmen.

问题4选项

A.anewsreport

B.aresearchpaper

C.alecture

D.anargument

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，由题干可以定位到文章第一段，性别本不是评判科学的标准，但这个因素与科学价值同等重要，甚至更重要。D选项“科学世界中的性别歧视”，符合文章的内容大意，文章主要讲的是在科学界的性别歧视，D选项正确。B选项“同行评审中的弊端”，文章虽有提到这个内容，但不是文章的主要内容，因此可排除B选项。C选项“男性和女性科学家的比较”，文章部分内容有提到，但不是文章主要内容，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Sexandconnections:thesearenotthecriteriaonwhichscienceshouldbejudged,leastofallbyscientists（性与联系：这些都不是评判科学的标准，尤其是科学家），虽说如此，但在下文出现了转折，也就是说这两点是会作为评判标准因此可推测影响评判标准除了性别还有联系。A选项“联系”，符合文章内容。A选项正确。B选项“在主要科学期刊上发表论文”，文章说同行评议是为了帮助决定是否发表论文，可排除B选项。C选项“研究人员的能力”，同行评议可能会反映个人能力，能力的高低并不会成为决定性因素，可排除C。D选项“研究采用的方法”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Suchbeingthecase,ambitiouswomanwouldperhapsdowelltoreturntoatime-honoredbutsupposedlyobsoletetradition,andapplyunderamalename.（在这种情况下，有抱负的女性或许应该回到一个历史悠久但被认为过时的传统，用男性的名字申请），因此可推测，对于女性的歧视，仍然存在。B选项“对妇女的偏见今天仍然存在”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“女性用男性的名字写作已不再时髦”，名字的表面内容并不是作者想表达的，因此A选项可排除。C选项“今天妇女与男子处于平等地位”，妇女和男子不可能处于平等地位，因此C选项可排除。D选项“现在女性在科学领域的表现和男性一样好”，文章所说，妇女要表现得好于男性的2.5倍才可能达到男性的待遇，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干这篇文章最有可能是……，通读全文，可以推测这篇文章最有可能为一则新闻报道。A选项“一则新闻报道”正确。B选项“研究论文”，根据文章内容来看，论文需要更严谨，因此可排除B选项。C选项“一堂讲座”，讲座的内容需要更口语化，因此也可排除C选项。D选项“一场辩论赛”，文章没有体现争论，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

WhenthetimeforJane’s（

）came,therewasgreatsorrowinthehousehold.

问题1选项

A.separation

B.departure

C.depression

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“离别，分别”；B选项“离开，出发”；C选项“沮丧，不景气”；D选项“远征，探险队”。句意：当时间到（），整个家庭都陷入到一种沉重的悲伤中。一般亲人启程去某个地方就会产生悲伤，所以答案选B。A选项后面应该填人，或者主语为复数，所以不选。

7.单选题

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”，servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry’smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan’sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan’smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ifyoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:damedesu?—it’snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalking

onamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreason?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat________.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause_______。

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

问题1选项

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

问题2选项

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

问题3选项

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileInternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

问题4选项

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

问题5选项

A.TheJapanesePhoneCulture.

B.CultureandTechnology.

C.AllAlike,AllDifferent.

D.Handy,IfYouAreThrifty.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，一个意大利人会在会议上开着手机，原因是什么？由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone”，说明他这么做是为了不错过商机。因此A选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持？第一段第三句提到文化影响生活方式，生活方式影响我们交流的方式，进而影响到技术发展，可对应C选项。因此C选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：作者认为日本在手机文化方面领先世界是因为_______。由题干定位到第三段第三句“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet”，后半句即为答案，与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断，日本青少年喜欢移动数据服务是因为______。由题干定位到第四段，“Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversations…ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices”，说明他们视为了方便与朋友们联系。因此D选项符合题意。

5.主旨题。题干：根据这篇文章的内容，下面哪个标题是最合适的？本文主要通过一些实例讲述了文化和技术的关系。第一段第三句即本文主题句。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thearticleinsinuatedthattheofficialwasbribed.

问题1选项

A.deniedpositively

B.statedflatly

C.arguedconvincingly

D.suggestedindirectly

【答案】D

【解析】insinuate意为暗示。deniedpositively明确否认；statedflatly平平的陈述；arguedconvincingly令人信服地论证；suggestedindirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。

9.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywastheofthe（

）humanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。offspring意为“子孙，后代”；successor意为“接替者，继任者”；breeder意为“饲养员”；predecessor意为“前辈，祖先”。

句意：你同意猴子是人类的祖先的说法吗？

10.单选题

（）wingsforthecommonmanhadtoawaitthedawnofthespaceagetogobacktothesimplicityoftheirbeginnings.

问题1选项

A.Consequently

B.Regularly

C.Ironically

D.Comprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。consequently"因此,从而";regularly"定期地,有规律地";ironically"讽刺地";comprehensively"包括地,全面地"。句意：（）,普通人的翅膀必须等到太空时代的黎明才能回到最初的简单。选项C具有讽刺意味的是,符合句意。

11.单选题

Ourmadattemptstoavoidboredomupholdaprofitablecorneroftheentertainmentindustry,whilethevarietyofbooks,websites,TVprogramsandvideosaimedatchildrenandcalled"BoredomKillers"suggeststhatennui，hasnoagerestriction.Thisisnonewdevelopment-obsessivetextingishardlyonalevelwithwatchinglionsripgladiatorstoshredsforentertainment,and,astheBritishpublicseemtobemovingontoastagewherefox-huntingisnolongerseenasajustifiable,fundiversion,wemustbedoingsomethingright.However,someexpertshaverecentlypointedoutthatobsessiveavoidanceofboredom(apartfrombeingquitedullinitself-haveyouevertriedtohaveadecentconversationwithanextremesportsenthusiast?)deniesaccesstothecertainkindofmentalspacewhichboredombringsandindoingsoleavesuscreativelyandspirituallymalnourished.Inotherwords,boredomisbecoming"alostartform".

StevenWinnoftheSanFranciscoChronicleputsitinarecentarticle:“Asmoreandmorepeopleseemtorecognize,theuniversalexperienceofbeingbored-unengaged,detached,afloatinsomeprivatementalinactivity-maybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest.Asordinaryasgreyskiesandequallypervasive,boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration.

Thisisaveryparticularunderstandingofwhatboredomis,andperhapsthisveryproblemofdefinitioniswhatliesattherootofthesupposeddebate.Ontheonehand,boredomcanbedefinedasastateoflistlessness,alackofinterestinthatwhichsurroundsusandageneralsenseofennui.Ofthisparticulardefinition,SaulSteinbergwrote,“Thelifeofthecreativemanisled,directedandcontrolledbyboredom.Avoidingboredomisoneofourmostimportantpurposes."Sointhiscase,boredomissomethingwefleefrominhorror.

Anotherconceptionofboredomisofablank,privatementalspace,invaluableforrelaxingandforthefermentationofcreativejuices.Itisthistypeofboredomwhichisconsideredbysometobealostartform.Informationaloverloadfromallquartermeansthattherecanoftenbeverylittletimeforpersonalthought,reflection,orevenjust"zoningout".Withamobilethatisconstantlyswitchedonandasurplusofentertainmentsavailabletodistractthemarkedeye,itisunderstandablethatsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoactuallygetboredinthatparticularrestlessness,introspectivekindofway.

1.Theword"ennui"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablemeans（）.

2.Boredomisbecoming"alostartform"becausepeople（）.

3.AccordingtoStevenWinn,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutboredom?

4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatboredom（）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidingboredom

B.lackofcreativity

C.loveofentertainment

D.thefeelingofhavingnothingtodo

问题2选项

A.aredeprivedofdeepthought

B.areabandoningold-fashionedamusement

C.indulgeinentertainment

D.havenoprivatespace

问题3选项

A.Itisacommonproblemofhumanbeings.

B.Itisalwaysfearedbycreativemen.

C.Itisimportanttorecognizeitssignificance.

D.Itismorevaluablethanentertainment.

问题4选项

A.hastwocontradictorydefinitions

B.hasbothstrongandweakpoints

C.isasourceofartcreation

D.isdyingintheinformationage

问题5选项

A.LifewithoutBoredom

B.TheInfluenceofModernEntertainment

C.TwoTypesofBoredom

D.TheSignificanceofBoredom

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。文章第一句指出:……为儿童设计并被称为“无聊杀手”的书籍、网站、电视节目、音像制品表明“ennui”没有年龄界限。因此推测，ennui是属于“无聊”之意的范畴，故选D项“一种没事可干的感觉”。

2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词"alostartform"定位至第一段最后一句:然而，一些专家最近指出，强迫性地逃避无聊使人无法进入无聊带来的某种思维空间，这使我们在创造力和精神上都处于营养不良的状态。换句话说，无聊成了一种“逝去的艺术形式”。以及最后一段:正是这种无聊被一些人视为逝去的艺术形式。从四面八方涌来的过多的信息意味着很少有时间可用于个人思考、深思、或者仅仅“溜号”。因此，综合考虑，无聊可以提供某种思维空间，但是现代社会充斥着过多的信息，从而使得这种思考空间成为“逝去的艺术形式”。故选A项“被剥夺了深入思考”。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词StevenWinn定位至第二段:theuniversalexperienceofbeingboredmaybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest(普遍的无聊经历可能比表面看起来的要更加珍贵、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration(无聊应受到阳光灿烂般的关注和赞美),因此可看出，StevenWinn认为，无聊（其意义和积极影响）值得关注。

4.判断推理题。A:两个定义相互矛盾。B:有优劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分别谈及“无聊”的两种看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也无优劣之分，故排除A项和B项。C:是艺术创作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:无聊给予了人们独立思考的空间，因而对于艺术创造是极其珍贵的,但是并不能说无聊就是艺术创作的源泉，故排除C项。D:消亡于信息时代。根据第四段可知:无聊被称之为“逝去的艺术形式”是因为繁杂的信息意味着用于有利于艺术创造的思考时间很少，即“无聊”的时间很少了，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章谈及对“无聊”的两种看法，并且提出“无聊”已经成了“逝去的艺术形式”这一主要观点。因此，D项“无聊的意义”比较适合做文章标题。

12.单选题

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead（

）frombehind.

问题1选项

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法中情态动词表推测的用法。A项shouldhavedone表示“本该做某事（其实没做）”；B项musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”；C项wouldhavedone表示“将会做某事”，常用于表达虚拟语气；D项oughttohavedone表示“本该做某事”，比shouldhavedone语气强，意思为根据责任或者义务应该做。句意：警察宣称受害者头上的伤一定是从后面猛击造成的。故本题正确答案为B项。

13.单选题

Themanagerissomuchundertheinfluenceofhissecretarythatsheisthe（

）headofthedepartment.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.virtual

C.probable

D.natural

【答案】B

【解析】句意:老板受到了他秘书的极大影响以至于她是实质上的老板了。

形容词辨析。Potential有潜力的;virtual实质上的;probable可能的;natural自然的。因此B符合句意。

14.翻译题

一天中我最喜欢的是最后那段时刻——至少是醒着的最后那段时刻。我再三努力不让眨动的眼皮合上，不让书本掉落在胸前，这时候我知道真的该入睡了。我深情地把书放在身边的床上。我们一起入睡——我和我的书，我和书中的人物，我和交杂的梦境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看书似乎成了家传。上一次母亲帮我照看孩子时，我回到家里发现整幢房子一片漆黑，只有两处微弱的灯光。一处在我儿子的房间，我看到八岁的儿子拿着一本书，打着电筒躲在被窝里看书。房子的那头，母亲拿着书已经打起盹来。

【答案】Oneofmyfavoritemomentsofthedayisamongthelast—thelastconsciousone,anyway.Afterseveralattemptsatkeepingmyeyelidsfromflutteringclosedandthebookfromcollapsingontomychest,Iknowitreallyistimetogotosleep.Iaffectionatelyplacethebookonthebedbesideme.Wesleeptogether,meandmybook,meandthosecharacters,meandmymixed-updreams.Readinginbedseemstoruninfamilies.Thelasttimemymotherbabysatforme,gothometofindthehousedarkexceptfortwosmalllights.Onecamefrommyson’sroom,whereIdiscoveredtheeight-year-oldholedupunderthecoverswithGoosebumpsandaflashlight.Attheotherendofthehouse,mymotherhadalreadydozedoffwithherbook.

15.单选题

OnceRenaissancepaintersdiscoveredhowto（

）volumeanddepth,theywereabletoreplacethemedievalconventionofsymbolic,two-dimensionalspacewiththemoreillusionofactualspace.

问题1选项

A.reverse...conventional

B.portray...abstract

C.deny...concrete

D.render...realistic

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。第一个空的选项：reverse“颠倒，倒转”；portray“描绘，扮演”：deny“否认，拒绝给予”；render“提供，以……回报，描绘，处理（绘画等的主题）”，第二个空的选项：conventional“传统的，习惯的”；abstract“抽象的”；concrete“具体的，有形的”；realistic“现实的，实际的，实事求是的”，根据关键词“volumeanddepth”“symbolic”和句意‘当文艺复兴的画家们发现如何描绘体积和深度之后，他们就能够使用更现实的实在空间感来取代中世纪的象征意味的、二维空间的绘画习惯了’确定D选项正确。

16.单选题

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

问题1选项

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onconditionof“只要”；B选项inlinewith“符合”；C选项atoddswith“与……不一致”；D选项indisguiseof“托辞，假扮成，打着……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行为有时_______他的个性的害羞和自觉意识。根据语境，这里指他的暴力行为不会让人想到他会害羞，所以atoddswith“与……不一致”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.

问题1选项

A.wasnotplayed

B.nottoplay

C.notbeplayed

D.didnotplay

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在itis+表示要求、建议、必要、命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且此处表示被动。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虚拟语气。句意：饭店管理部门恳请客人晚上11点以后不要打开收音机。所以本题选择C选项正确。

18.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

问题2选项

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

问题3选项

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmen