考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe（

）Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.

问题1选项

A.Parental

B.Maternal

C.Fraternal

D.Paternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Parental“父母的”；B选项Maternal“母亲的”；C选项Fraternal“兄弟的”；D选项Paternal“父亲的”句意：随着护理工作变得越来越复杂，这种感觉也变得温和了一些。我们进入了所谓的“……期”，医生就像一位父亲，知道什么对他的病人是最好的。根据后面句意可知D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”；therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”一wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy，”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderofthefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs—thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeed“theRussianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhonebroadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit—helpedmasktheriseofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amulti-billion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（）

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmoderntechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath（）

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

问题1选项

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies

问题2选项

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass.

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich.

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

问题4选项

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

问题5选项

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据本文，美国经济_____。第一段第二句提到了美国经济“verydistorted非常扭曲”，排除A选项；第三句中的“Inthewakeoftherecession”说明美国经济仍受经济衰退影响，排除B选项；D选项说到美国经济落后于其他经济体，常识可判断错误。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：关于当今的超级精英，文章支持以下哪一种说法？“elite”出现在文章第五段第一句和第六段第二句。由第五段中“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”说明是现代经济的发明使小部分企业家变得很富有，而非世袭，排除A选项；第六段中“hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy”表明担心日益扩大的收入差距会给社会和政治带来影响。因此D选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：现代技术创新能说些什么呢?第五段第二句中提到“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”,说明现代经济的神奇发明能使一小部分企业家致富，使公众受益。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：作者似乎在暗示金融危机及其后果______。最后一段提到在金融危机之后，许多人不仅生活在富人经济学中，还生活在富人政治中，因此让美国民众开始警惕起来。因此C选项符合题意。

5.主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要目的是_____。本文讲述的是美国经济中的贫富差距问题，也就是financialimbalance“金融失衡”。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（长寿）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流产）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Womendidnotlivelongerthanmenuntil17thcentury.

B.Thelongevitygapbetweenwomenandmenhasbeengrowingsince17thcentury.

C.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canlivetobeabout73.

D.Allwomenlivelongerthanmen.

问题2选项

A.Men’slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.

B.Researchershavefoundthecauseoftheagegap.

C.Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegap.

D.Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.

问题3选项

A.diseasesandroadaccidents

B.industrializationandworkstrains

C.theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcohol

D.theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure

问题4选项

A.Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.

B.Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.

C.Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmaleworkers.

D.Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.

问题5选项

A.Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.

B.Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.

C.Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.

D.Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.

问题6选项

A.margin

B.side

C.advantage

D.quality

问题7选项

A.Onlyforhumanbeings,femaleslivelongerthanmales.

B.Womenlivelongerthanmenbecauseofgenes.

C.Femalesaredifferentfrommalessincethebeginningoflife.

D.BothBandC

问题8选项

A.Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.

B.Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.

C.Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.

D.Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：直到17世纪，女性才比男性长寿。B：女性和男性的寿命差距自17世纪以来一直在扩大。由“Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen—thegapisgrowing.（例如，这在17世纪就有描述。然而，当时的差异比现在小，现在的差距在增长）”可知A项以及B项错误。C：一个2003年出生在美国的男婴能够活到73岁。由“AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73（一个于2003年出生在美国的男婴预期能够活到73岁）”可知C项正确。D：所有女性都比男性活得长。此项并未被提及。因此本题选C。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。文章第一段讲女性更长寿，男女寿命存在差异，而且差距正在增加。第二段讲了一些造成差距大的可能因素。A：男性的寿命几乎保持不变。此项并未被前两段提及。B：研究者已经找到年龄差距的原因。此项不符合前两段所述，前两段只是提出了可能因素。C：社会越先进，寿命差距越大。此项可由前两段推断而出。D：寿命差距只是在最近才被注意。此项错误。因为第一段指出：Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.（17世纪就有所描述了）。因此C项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段中提到的影响男女寿命差异的两个因素是：女性工作压力比男性小，也没有男性那么爱冒险。因此，D项“她们承受的工作压力和不愿意冒险”正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.（曾经有人指出，职业女性吸烟的可能性更大，随着越来越多的妇女进入职场，年龄差距将开始缩小，因为吸烟与较早死亡有关。然而现在，我们看到越来越多的女性吸烟，她们的寿命也越来越长，尽管她们的肺癌发病率在急剧攀升）。由此推测，D项“吸烟似乎不会影响妇女的寿命”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.（男女寿命差这个问题令人费解的一点是：女性似乎并没有男性健康。也就是，她们更容易得病。但是当一位男士生病了，往往更严重）。因此让研究人员费解的一点是B项“尽管女性更容易得病，但她们仍然活得更长”。

6.【试题解析】词义题。“edge”所在句为：Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（几乎所有雌性的哺乳动物都拥有这个……，因为她们普遍活得更长）。由此推测，“edge”表示“优势”的意思。

7.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：只有人类的女性比男性命长。由“Afterall，thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（毕竟，这种现象并不是人类所独有的。几乎所有雌性哺乳动物都拥有这个优势，因为她们普遍活得更久）”可知A项错误。B：女性比男性活得久，是由于基因方面的原因。由“Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.（也许我们正在寻找的答案只是问题的表面。也许答案在于更深层次生物遗传的原因）”可知B项错误。C：从生命一开始，男性和女性就存在差别。由“Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.（就人类而言，出生后死亡的男婴比女婴多）”可知C项正确。

8.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章提出：人们的寿命普遍比以前长；但女性比男性活得久一些。并且分析了造成这种差异的可能因素。最后指出，也许男女寿命差异可能在于更深层次的生物遗传原因。因此A项“女性更长寿仍然是个迷”比较符合文章主旨大意。

4.单选题

Look,（）inhisusualT-shirt.

问题1选项

A.heredoesHenrycome

B.herecomesHenry

C.hereHenrycomes

D.comeshereHenry

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。表示地点、时间和方向的副词放在句首时，句子使用完全倒装，句意：看！罗宾来了，穿着往常的T恤衫。所以本题B选项正确。

5.单选题

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

问题1选项

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“激励；刺激”；B选项encompass“包含；包围”；C选项entice“怂恿；诱使”；D选项undercut“削（价）竞争；削弱”。句意：1910年，超过60万的黑人工人，或者说10%的黑人工人报告说他们从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这一联邦人口普查类别大致……整个工业部门。综合句意与选项可知B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thebarintheclubisforthe（

）useofitsmembers.

问题1选项

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。extensive大量的，广泛的；exclusive排外的，独有的；inclusive包括的，包含的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的。句意：该俱乐部的酒吧仅供其会员使用。由空格后的useofitsmembers可知该酒吧仅供其内部会员使用。故B项符合句意，答案B。

7.单选题

Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

问题1选项

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。本句中的that就相当于so,意为“如此”,修饰副词far。选项C符合题意。such后面要接名词或者名词短语。as的语义不符。

8.单选题

Wehaveplannedanexcitingpublicity_______withouradvertisers.

问题1选项

A.struggle

B.conflict

C.battle

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项struggle“奋斗；抗争”；B选项conflict“冲突；争执”；C选项battle“战役；较量”；D选项campaign“战役；（有计划的）活动”。句意：我们和我们的广告商计划了一个令人兴奋的宣传_______。根据语境，这里是指广告宣传活动，所以campaign“（有计划的）活动”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

问题1选项

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项remnants“残余；残留物”；B选项remedy“补救；解决办法”；C选项remains“残余物；剩饭菜”；D选项remainder“残余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都离开了，……坐着等。remnants一般是指残余部分、残迹。remains一般是指古迹，遗迹；遗骸等。句中的主语是人，大部分都走了，还有一部分剩下的人坐着等。remainder做名词时侧重于人和钱的剩余。因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Don’trun（

）theideathatScotsmenaremean.Theyjustdon’tlikewastingmoney.

问题1选项

A.infor

B.into

C.awayfrom

D.awaywith

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不要轻率地下结论说苏格兰人很吝啬。他们只是不想浪费钱。

考查固定搭配。runawaywiththeidea轻易接受（意见、看法等）。

11.写作题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【参考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

12.单选题

Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.

问题1选项

A.retains

B.entails

C.retails

D.repels

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retains“保持”；B选项entails“牵涉；需要”；C选项retails“述说（尤指别人的事情）”；D选项repels“击退；赶走”。句意：你必须非常小心；这项工作______精确。根据语境，这里指这是份细致的工作，B选项entails“牵涉；需要”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项annoyance“恼怒，生气，烦恼”；B选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；C选项offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D选项irritation“生气，气恼”。只有offence可用于短语takeoffenceatsth.表示“对……生气”。句意：记者和摄影师们都对那位演员在采访过程中的粗鲁表现感到不满。

14.翻译题

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中国有5000多年的历史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

历史上，中国在短期内被划分为多个部分，并且不同的区域由不同的群体管辖。

从公元前21世纪的夏朝开始至清朝结束，中国历史上经历过几十个朝代的变更。

每个朝代在政治、经济、文化和科学技术等领域都有独特的成就。

汉朝是当时世界上最先进的帝国,“汉族”这一名称就得名于汉朝。

唐朝因统一时间长、国力强盛而被国人铭记，因此在海外的中国人自称为“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是经济、文化、教育与科学高度繁荣的时代。

但朝代的更替一般会导致连年战争，给人民大众带来了难以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛泽东宣布中华人民共和国的成立。

毛泽东思想作为中国共产党的政治和军事指导思想被广泛应用。

15.单选题

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation“展示，陈述”；preparation“预备，准备”；preference“偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential“潜能，可能性”。

句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

问题1选项

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

Wecanhardlyavoidmakinganymistakesinourwork____hardwetry.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.how

C.nomatter

D.however

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。此句为让步状语从句，根据后面的副词hard可以判断，答案只能从B和D选择，D项however=nomatterhow，根据句意：无论我们多么努力，在工作中都会不可避免地犯错误，因此D更合适。

18.单选题

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

问题1选项

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。primary意为“首要的，主要的，初级的，最初的”，指处于初级或低级状态；elementary意为“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始阶段，或指学习某一学科或接受教育等处于入门阶段或只是刚刚接触的基本知识或原理；fundamental意为“基础的，基本的，根本的”，指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”指在正式开始举某活动之前进行的“初步的、预备的”活动。由sketches（草图）可知选D。

句意：他画了一些初步的草图，作为他画肖像之前的指导。

19.单选题

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

问题1选项

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他选项都不与into搭配,而是一般与to搭配。句意:约4,000家私营进出口商和批发商被收归国有,并被并入一家大型的政府垄断企业——国有贸易公司。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Atheoryisanorganizedsetofprinciplesthatisdesignedtoexplainandpredictsomephenomenon.Goodtheoriesalsoprovidespecifictestablepredictions,or()abouttherelationbetweentwoormorevariables.

问题1选项

A.hypothesis

B.conception

C.idea

D.meaning

【答案】A

【解析】hypothesis假设；conception概念，设想；idea想法，主意；meaning意义，意图。句意：理论是一套有组织的原理，用来解释和预测一些现象。好的理论也提供了具体的可测试的预测，或者关于两个或两个以上变量之间关系的假设。选项A符合句意。

21.单选题

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

问题1选项

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使认识,

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承认；admire

钦佩,

赞美,

羡慕。beacquaintedwithsb.为固定搭配，意为与...相识。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎认识来商店的每一个人。

22.翻译题

美国有五分之四的人在工作中感受到