考研考博-英语-中国地质大学（武汉）押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国地质大学（武汉）押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

问题1选项

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，avid应该与lazy意思相反，所以选项C与之意思最为接近，正确。

2.单选题

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

问题1选项

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

问题2选项

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

问题3选项

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

问题4选项

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文节选自1923年的作品《自我与本我》。”与第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行为举止相当奇特。当人们满怀希望地与他们交谈，或对治疗的进展表示满意时，他们就会表现出不满的迹象，病情总是会恶化。”可推知D项“对弗洛伊德观点的介绍”正确。其他三项都是文中未提及的内容。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它们对治疗过程的反应是相反的。”和theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他们在治疗过程中病情恶化，而不是好转”。可知A项与B项正确，故答案为D。

3.判断推理题。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我们将正确地把这个令人沮丧的解释作为最后的解释”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.这种内疚感只表现为对恢复的抗拒，而恢复是极其难以克服的”。可知C项正确。

4.细节事实题由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要让病人相信他继续患病的动机是非常困难的，他坚持更明显的解释，即通过分析治疗并不是对他的病例的正确治疗”。可知D项正确。

3.翻译题

1999年，中国开始进入老龄化社会。2004年年底,60岁以上的人口达到1.43亿，占全国人口总数的10.97%。至此，中国成为世界上拥有最多老龄人口的国家。有专家说1990年到2033年是中国的“人口红利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老龄人口还不算太多，这一时期是有助于经济发展的。

2010年到2013年中国劳动力人口将达到9亿人，在这之后“红利”会变成“赤字”，也就是说，这以后需要照顾的老龄人口会迅速增加。据说2030年后的二十年是中国老龄化最严峻的时期。因此，要做好充分准备，好好利用人口红利期来解决严重的老龄化问题。

有报告称，中国是典型的成为富裕国家前就面临老龄化社会的国家。这是长期的问题，也需要很长时间才能解决。中国一直坚持计划生育政策，人口增长的趋势得到了有效的控制。据估计，中国到2030年的总人口将达到14.65亿，届时会面临老龄化和人口出生率下降两大压力，这也一定会给国家的经济和社会发展带来巨大的压力。

这份报告还指出，中国在解决老龄化问题的意识、条件及法规上都严重滞后，因此，必须把这个问题的解决纳人到未来国家发展策略中。我们要及早关注老龄化人口的医疗资源，完善社会保障体系。在老龄人口达到顶峰前，建立一个健全的国家性社会保障机制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

4.单选题

WhenIapproachedtheBritishembassytoapplyavisatoworkonadesignprojectinAberdeen,Ihardlyexpectedthatitwouldtakesixmonthstoobtainone.

问题1选项

A.toapplyavisatowork

B.onadesignproject

C.hardly

D.thatitwouldtakesixmonthsto

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】动词误用。动词apply为不及物动词,后面接宾语时应加介词for。Applyfor申请。

5.单选题

I（）thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.

问题1选项

A.confirmed

B.upheld

C.overwhelmed

D.established

【答案】B

【解析】confirmed确认,坚定;uphold支持,维护;overwhelmed压倒,淹没;established制定,建立。句意：我维护正义,尽我最大的努力与腐败作斗争。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（栖息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼泽地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（实施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

问题1选项

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

问题2选项

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

问题3选项

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

问题4选项

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

问题5选项

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知灭绝速度加快的原因是人类人口的增长和科学技术对自然生态系统的侵犯。选项C符合题意。

2.语义题。根据第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知环境变成了碎片，剩下的动物聚集在更小的区域里，下文的smallislands就是指这些区域。根据“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在这个小区域里的物种与其他同类中种群失去了联系。所以是孤立的。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。考查对物种灭绝的原因的理解。根据文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物种灭绝是进化中的一个正常过程，选项A可排除。根据第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，栖息地的破坏也是物种灭绝的原因，选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商业买卖和杀害也是原因，选项C可排除。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效发挥作用的关键在于人们和法院的实施和支持，所以相关法律需要在人们的支持下制定和实施是最重要的。选项C符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.”，可知作者认为尽管有法律保护，许多物种的未来仍然尚存疑问。所以作者是担忧的态度。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Thenewcurriculumintendstostrengthenchildren’spracticeofbasicsocial___.

问题1选项

A.manners

B.politeness

C.rules

D.regulations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manners“方式；习惯；种类；规矩；风俗”；B选项politeness“有礼貌；优雅”；C选项rules“规则（在特定情况下或玩游戏时可以做什么、必须做什么或不能做什么的陈述）；建议；统治；习惯；定律；法治；尺子；破折号”；D选项regulations“管理；规则（政府或其它权威制定的官方规定）；校准”。句意：新课程旨在加强儿童的基本社交___实践。本句表达“基本社交礼仪”，因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

顾客对产品和服务有不同的价值观。有的顾客要求价格低，购物方便；有的顾客对价格并不太在意，他们要求产品必须是最新款式，在市场上代表最先进的技术；还有的顾客要求产品或服务能满足他们特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成为领先市场的首脑公司并保持其竞争优势，就必须根据自身的条件集中在某个方面做出突出的表现，或者以低成本取胜，或者以最新名优产品取胜，或者以与特殊的顾客群建立紧密的关系取胜。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

9.单选题

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

问题2选项

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

问题3选项

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问米歇尔•奥巴马竞选的目的是什么？录音开头提到目前针对米歇尔•奥巴马的“让我们动起来”的运动有越来越多的评论，该运动鼓励孩子多参加运动来对抗儿童肥胖。因此米歇尔•奥巴马发起该运动的目的就是对抗儿童肥胖，A选项与原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“帮助弱势儿童”；C选项“敦促孩子们跟随他们的榜样”在录音中均未提及；D选项“鼓励孩子多运动”最具干扰性，这是对抗儿童肥胖的方式，并不是最终的目的，因此不正确。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于职业运动员广告的研究发现了什么？根据录音，2010年，研究人员报道指出，12到17岁的孩子比成年人看更多由运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌的广告。也就是说，由专业运动员代言的广告给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的更深刻。D选项“他们给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的印象更深刻”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“出现在电视上最有效”；B选项“放在网上时最能促进产品销量”，利用TV和online设置干扰项，录音原文并没有对这些广告出现在什么地方最有效进行对此，因此可排除；C选项“它们变得越来越普遍”在录音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者认为孩子们的偶像应该做什么？录音最后提到，如果孩子们以运动员为榜样，如果他们的这些偶像能够始终如一，那么孩子们将得到最大的益处。持续传达积极行为的信息能向孩子们展现他们应该要追随的更健康的生活方式，所以讲话人认为孩子们的偶像应该一直传达积极行为的信息。D选项中的atalltimes是录音中consistent的同义表达，因此D选项“时刻传达积极的行为”正确。A选项“做他们向公众提倡的事情”；B选项“总是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C选项“在孩子面前注意他们的形象”在录音中均没有提及，因此排除。

10.单选题

Heseeshisstudentsstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,clichesandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.

问题1选项

A.thoughtless

B.ridiculous

C.puzzling

D.undesirable

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thoughtless粗心大意的；欠考虑的B.ridiculous愚蠢的；荒谬的

C.puzzling令人迷惑的D.undesirable不受欢迎的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】bewilder作动词时，表示“使糊涂，使迷惑”，加上-ing则作形容词，表示“令人糊涂的，令人迷惑的”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】他看到他的学生在努力学习，因为他们认为他们已经掌握的语言现在似乎包含了令人困惑的各种成语、陈词滥调和在不同语境中具有不同含义的公认短语。

11.单选题

Ifaspeciesofparasiteistosurvive,thehostorganismsmustlivelongenoughfortheparasitetoreproduce;ifthehostspeciesbecomes______,sodoitsparasites.

问题1选项

A.succumbed

B.extinct

C.infertile

D.widespread

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项succumbed为succumb的过去分词，表示“屈服”，B项extinct“灭绝的，绝种的”，C项infertile“不肥沃的，不毛的”，D项widespread“普遍的，广泛的”。由hostorganisms（宿主）可知，hostspecies指的一种寄生虫寄生的生物，而前面是说“如果一种寄生虫要存活，宿主必须活得足够长，以便寄生虫繁殖”，那么后面讲的是另外一种情况，所以只有B项符合。句意：如果一种寄生虫要存活下来，宿主有机体必须活得足够长，以便寄生虫繁殖；如果宿主物种灭绝，它的寄生虫也会灭绝。因此，该题选择B项。

12.单选题

Allofthosepresentatthemeetingconsideredthecombinationoftheorywithpracticeas（

）greatimportance.

问题1选项

A.for

B.very

C.to

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】句意:出席会议的那些人都认为理论与实践相结合非常重要。

考查固定搭配。beof+名词=be+名词同源的形容词形式。因此Beofimportance=beimportant。

13.单选题

Shoesofthiskindare（

）tosliponwetground.

问题1选项

A.feasible

B.appropriate

C.apt

D.fitting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。feasible“可行的”；appropriate“适当的，恰当的”；apt“恰当的，有……倾向的”；fitting“适合的，适宜的”。句意：这样的鞋子在湿地上容易打滑。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

问题1选项

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项intelligent“智能的，聪明的”，B项intellectual“智力的”，C项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”。根据关键词emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推测，空格部分是与之对应的“智力”，B项符合。句意：在某些情况下，母亲的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，该题选择B项正确。

15.单选题

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlest（）bythelocalbandits.

问题1选项

A.beattacked

B.wereattacked

C.aretobeattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Lest是连词，意为“唯恐，以免”。其后接的状语从句常用should+动词原形。should

可以省略。所以选项A正确。句意：在翻越山区时，所有人都带着枪，以防遭到当地土匪的袭击。

16.单选题

MostAmericansthinkofvegetariansasaminority,asfoodfaddists.Infact,inthiscountrypeoplewhoincludemeatintheirdietsarethemajority;butthroughouttheworld,meateatersare,andhavebeen,theminoritythemselves.Thougharchaeologistscandemonstratethathumanshavekeptanimalsforfoodforthousandsofyears,meatwasgenerallyfortherich:thepoorinmostcountriesarevegetarians.Andthefollowersofmanyreligionsarealsovegetarians.TheHindus,theBuddhists,theSufis,andothergroupsdonoteatmeat.

Infact,religionisamajorreasonstillforchoosingavegetariandiet;manyreligionsteachthateatingmeatweakensone’sspirit.AdamandEveweretoldtoeatfruitsandvegetables,accordingtoGenesis.WhenDanielwasfacingthelions,hefollowedavegetariandiet,sohecouldremainpure.

Othervegetariansbelievetheyarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Thoughthishasneverbeenscientificallyproved,popularworksonvegetariandietsoftenpromisebetterhealth.Thereisevidencetoshowthatvegetarianshavegreaterstamina,andmanypeopleonvegetariandietslivelonglives.

Somepeopledonoteatmeatforeconomicreasons;meatisexpensiveand,inmanypartsoftheworld,veryscarce.Themostcommonreasonforchoosingavegetariandiet,though,istheethicalone.Whydohumansfeelthattheymustkillotherbeingsinordertoeatwell?Mostvegetariansadmitthattheyfindeatingthefleshofdeadanimalsrevolting.Infact,theyreferto“flesh-eaters”aswemightrefertocannibalsandalsousethezoolabel“carnivore”interchangeably.

Becausechoiceofdietisaculturalandethicalmatter,notallvegetariandietsarealike.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetables,butwillallowthemselveseggs.Thelactovegetarianeatsvegetablesmainly,butaddsdairyfoodssuchasmilkandcheese.Thesetwocategoriesofvegetariansfeelthateggsanddairyproductsarepermissible;takingtheseproductsdoesnoharmtothecoworchicken.StrictvegetarianwaysarerepresentedbytheVeganSociety,whosememberspreferthelabel“vegan.”Veganslive“ontheproductsoftheplantkingdom.”Notonlydovegansavoidmeat;theyalsoavoideggs,honey,andmilkinanyform.Theyreasonthatitisascrueltorobanimalsasitistokillanimals.

Avegetarianmustbecarefultomaintainabalanceddiet;andofcourseacarnivore—oromnivore,really,becausemostpeopleinAmericaeatbothmeatandvegetables—mustbeequallycareful.Excellentnutritionisimportant,whetherforvegetariansortherestofus(manypeoplewhoeatmeatassumetheirdietisnutritionalforthatreasonalone).Noonehaseverbeenabletoprovedefinitelythatonedietismorebeneficialthantheother.

Themostcompellingargumentinfavorofvegetarianism,however,isvegetarianism’sefficiency.TheperiodicalScientificAmericanestimatedin1976thatthereareenoughplantstosupportseveraltimesthecurrentworldpopulation;butiftho