考研考博-英语-南京邮电大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京邮电大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The（1）betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople

（2）

andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.

ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"

（3）

tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson

（4）

istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This

（5）

thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可调和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare

（

6）

misunderstandings.

Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies

（7）

suchcourtesies,butshe

（8

）

andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady

（9）

inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.

（10）

you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

（11）

ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.

Curiously,ithasneverbeen

（12）

toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling

（13）

:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”

Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)

（14）

codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout

（15）

acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.

问题1选项

A.instinct

B.distinction

C.intuition

D.similarity

问题2选项

A.resume

B.perform

C.assume

D.conduct

问题3选项

A.approach

B.way

C.road

D.means

问题4选项

A.enoughwell

B.enoughgood

C.goodenough

D.wellenough

问题5选项

A.approves

B.denies

C.supports

D.disagrees

问题6选项

A.nomorethan

B.notmorethan

C.abitmorethan

D.muchmorethan

问题7选项

A.dislike

B.appreciate

C.thank

D.approve

问题8选项

A.turnsout

B.turnsup

C.turnsaround

D.looksaround

问题9选项

A.offering

B.offers

C.offered

D.offer

问题10选项

A.Mind

B.Warn

C.Beware

D.Notice

问题11选项

A.doing

B.assuming

C.trying

D.operating

问题12选项

A.harder

B.easier

C.worse

D.better

问题13选项

A.friendly

B.terrible

C.disgusting

D.hostile

问题14选项

A.natural

B.artificial

C.unnatural

D.artistic

问题15选项

A.superficially

B.profoundly

C.commonly

D.individually

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:B

第15题:C

【解析】1.考察名词词义辨析。instinct“本能”，distinction“区别”，intuition“直觉”；similarity“相似”。根据后面blur（模糊）这个词可知此处讲述的是“美德”与“礼貌”之间的“区别”已经被模糊化，因此选项B符合题意。

2.考察动词词义辨析。resume“重新开始，继续，恢复”；perform“执行；完成；表演”；assume“假定；设想”；conduct“组织，实施；表现”。Mostpeople____在此处是个插入语，空格处所在句子的大意是：你需要的只是一颗善良的新，大部分人设想，剩下的事情会自己解决。选项C符合题意。

3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思，但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均为“做某事的方法”，根据横线后是名词判断答案是A。

4.考察语法结构。考察enough的用法以及good/well的区别。good是形容词，well为副词。enough修饰形容词或副词时，应置于其后。根据前文动词know，可知空格处应该填入一个副词，因此选项D符合题意。

5.考察动词词义辨析。approve“批准；赞成；满意”；deny“否认”；support“支持”，disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人类唯一的问题是沟通问题”（theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem）,后文提到“这些差异都是误解”（allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding）,说明导致沟通问题的原因只是因为误解，而不是哲学、政治、或者宗教这些层面的差异，所以空格处填入“否认”这个词符合题意，选项B符合。

6.考察词组辨析。nomorethan“仅仅，只是”；notmorethan“不超过，至多”；abitmore“多一点”；muchmorethan“更加，多得多”。根据前文可知“这些禅意仅仅是因为误解”，选项A符合题意。

7.考察动词词义辨析。dislike“不喜欢”；appreciate“欣赏”；thank“感谢”；approve“批准，赞成”。空格处所在句子的大意为：绅士为女士开门是因为他的母亲告诉他女士___这样的行为，根据常识，可知是“欣赏这样的行为”，选项B符合题意。

8.考察词组辨析。turnout“证明是，结果是”;turnup“出现；发生；开大”；turnaround“转身”；lookaround“四处看”,根据并列连词but可知此句与上文是转折关系，那位女士并没有欣赏他的行为，而是转身给他一个白眼，选项C符合题意。

9.考察主谓一致。根据andliegivesher…，可知空格处的谓语动词也应该是一般现在时，主语为ayounggirl，所以动词用第三人称单数，选项B符合题意。

10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口语，意思是“请注意”。选项A符合题意。

11.考察动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的大意是：唯一的问题是他们在不同的礼仪体系进行操作。选项D符合题意。

12.考察上下文逻辑。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently，此处intentionally“故意地”可知此处应是与这一句意思相反，因此选项A符合题意。

13.考察形容词词义辨析。friendly“友好地”；terrible“糟糕的”；disgusting“令人厌恶的”；hostile“怀有敌意的；敌对的”。根据前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感觉很糟糕，所以选项B符合题意。

14.考察形容词词义辨析。natural“自然的”；artificial“人造的，人为的”；unnatural“不自然的”；artistic“艺术的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公认的语义和语法规则”可知填artificial表示“人为的”符合文意。

15.考察副词词义辨析。superficially“表面地”；profoundly“深刻地”；commonly“一般地”；individually“个别地”。空格处所在句子的大意为：他们能使用一种不被大众接受的语义和语法规则。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

问题1选项

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。本题考查词义和词形相近的单词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”，B选项transition“过渡、转变”；C选项transmission“传递、传播”；D选项transaction“交易、事务”。根据题干that引导的从句的意思“人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。”可知空格部分单词意思为“传播”，句意为：文化传播表明人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。因此正确答案选C。

3.单选题

Hebuiltalargefencebecauseheheardhisneighborwasgoingto（）onhisproperty.

问题1选项

A.apposite

B.execrable

C.utilitarian

D.impinge

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。impingeon“影响；撞击；侵犯”。句意为：因为听说邻居将会侵犯自己的财产，所以他修建了一个大的围栏。根据句意可知D选项正确。

4.单选题

AlthoughGuthmanwasa（

）ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.

问题1选项

A.veteran

B.volunteer

C.victim

D.villain

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。veteran“老兵；富有经验的人”；volunteer“志愿者；志愿兵”；victim“受害人；牺牲者”；villain“坏人；罪犯”。句意：尽管古斯曼是参加过几场战役的老兵，但是她从来没有见过前线的场景。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

The（）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；B选项“可食用的”；C选项“惊人的，大量的”；D选项“不成比例的，太多的”，句意：（）强调考试是目前学校中最糟糕的竞争形式。而本题空格处讲的应该是过多地强调考试，因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

______wastoreturntoschool.

问题1选项

A.Thatreallyinterestedhim

B.Whatreallyinterestedhim

C.Whichreallyinterestedhim

D.Thatinteresthimreally

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Thatreallyinterestedhim这让他很感兴趣B.Whatreallyinterestedhim让他很感兴趣的是

C.Whichreallyinterestedhim哪一个让他很感兴趣D.Thatinteresthimreally这让他很感兴趣

【答案】B

【考查点】主语从句。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，句子缺少一个主语，结合选项可知空格处为一个主语从句。That引导主语从句，从句的成分应该完整，that在从句中不充当任何成分。而本句中，从句缺少主语，引导词在从句中充当主语，因此排除that。which与what的区别在于，which有选择性，在给出几个已知选项时，可用which，而what不需要；但是结合选项可知主语从句并没有选择性，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项由解题思路可知，不符合句子语法。

【句意】真正使他感兴趣的是回到学校。

7.单选题

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）intherepetitiveandmechanicalformofthewaltz.

问题1选项

A.lacking

B.lacked

C.lackof

D.forlackof

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用lack的现在分词形式来修饰。所以选项A正确。

8.单选题

EstherwantedtogotoPhiladelphiabyherself,butherparentswouldnotgivetheir（）.

问题1选项

A.contest

B.consent

C.convenience

D.control

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项contest“比赛，争论”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项convenience“便利”；D选项control“控制，管理”。根据句意“Esther想自己去费城，但她的父母不同意”。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

问题1选项

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。answerfor“对……负责”；stepinto“进入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他没有履行合同的一些条款”，因此他需要对此负责，选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.250Yuan.

B.450Yuan.

C.650Yuan.

D.850Yuan.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Goodmorning.Wouldyouliketheprivatehotspringroomtoday?Forthreepeople,itwouldbe250Yuanperhour.

M:Arethereanydiscounts?

W:Yes,Itis50Yuancheaperforeachadditionalhour.

M:Thenwe’llhavetwohours.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanpay?

【解析】对话指出私人温泉是三个人每小时250元。有折扣，每增加一个小时优惠50元，问题问的是两个小时多少钱。

11.翻译题

在当今快速发展变化的世界，各行各业的领导者都需要有充分的想象力和批判精神，而非某种不成熟的狭隘观点。就现实而言，坚实的人文和科学学科的教育通常会对很多具有挑战性的高级职业，以及越来越多的成年人追求的职业做着最实实在在的准备。没有任何一个特别的研究领域会永远成为安全感、领导力和个人满足感的门票。

【答案】Intoday'sfastchangingworld,leadersinallwalksoflifeneedtohavesufficientimaginationandcriticalspirit,ratherthanthenarrowviewofsomeimmature.Realistically,thesolideducationinthehumanitiesandsciencesoftenbealotofchallengingseniorcareer,aswellasagrowingnumberofadultspursuingcareerdoingthemosttangiblepreparations.Thereisnooneparticularareaofresearchwillalwaysbeasenseofsecurity,leadershipandpersonalsatisfactiontickets.

12.单选题

Theirassurancesofgoodfaithwerehollow;they______ontheagreementalmostatonce.

问题1选项

A.conferred

B.expiated

C.obtruded

D.reneged

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.conferred交换意见；授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）B.expiated为（所犯罪过）接受惩罚；赎（罪）

C.obtruded强行闯入；搅扰D.reneged违背（诺言）；背信弃义

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子前半句句意“他们对诚意的保证是空洞的”可知，they______ontheagreement表达的是“他们违背了协议”，所以空格处填入D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】他们对诚意的保证是空洞的；他们几乎同时违背了协议。

13.单选题

ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerican,hecanspeak（）Chinese.

问题1选项

A.fluid

B.smooth

C.fluent

D.flowing

【答案】C

【解析】句意:虽然他出生并成长于美国，但是他的汉语很流利。

考查形容词辨析。fluid流动的；液体的；smooth平滑的；fluent流利的；flowing流动的。因此C项符合句意。

14.单选题

（

）,theywouldbehappy.

问题1选项

A.Iftheywillgetmarried

B.Havetheygotmarried

C.Weretheytogetmarried

D.Theygetmarried

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：（），他们将会开心。选D选项会导致两个句子中间没有连词连接造成语法错误。选A选项就是看作if引导的真实条件句，但是两边句子的时态不一致，所以也不选。虚拟条件句中含有were，had，would等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将were，had，would等词移至句首。根据后面主句的时态，这是对现在或者将来的假设，所以B选项不选，这是对过去的假设；所以答案选C。

15.单选题

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

问题1选项

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别，差别”；B选项difference“差异，不同”；C选项separation“分离，分开”；D选项discrimination“歧视，区别”句意：歧视其他种族的人是一种冒犯行为。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Parliamentmet______fordecadesinaformerwaterworksbecauseWestGermansinsistedthatBonnwasonlyaprovisionalcapital—pendingthegovernment’sreturntoBerlin.

问题1选项

A.offandoff

B.onandon

C.offandon

D.andsoon

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项offandoff非词组；B选项onandon“持续不停地”；C选项offandon“断断续续地”；D选项andsoon“诸如此类”。句意：几十年来，议会______在一个以前的自来水厂开会，因为西德坚持认为波恩只是一个等待柏林回归的临时首都。根据语境，横线处形容这几十年来开会的频率，C选项offandon“断断续续地”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

17.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninabout200wordsunderthefollowingtitle.

EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

【答案】EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

Alongwiththeeconomicdevelopment,livingstandard’senhancement,theenvironmentquestionbecomesafocalpointwhichgraduallyattractspeople’sattention.InChina,thisproblemisratherdifferentbecauseofourheavypopulationandrapiddevelopment.Therefore,ourgovernmentputtheenvironmentalprotectionupasabasicstatepolicy.Andthen,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.

Inmyopinion,theprotectionofenvironmentisastep-by-stepprogress,weneedpatientandcare.Therearethewaysandsuggestionsofprotectingtheenvironment.Thefirstoneistomakeasynchronizationofthebuildandprotectofenvironment.Protecttheanimals,plants,forestsandwatertogetherinsteadofmerelydealwiththedamagedones.Thiscanmakeourenvironmentsustainableandprovidecontinuousrecourses.Secondly,improvepeople’senthusiasmofprotectingtheenvironment.People’ssenseofenvironmentalprotectionandtheirattendancearethemostimportantparts.Wecandomoreadvertisementsandletpeopleknowmoreaboutthis.Thirdly,makethelawsofthispartmorecomplete.Ifwewanttomakeadifferenceintheprotectionofenvironment,weneedthesupportoflaws,andtheycanbeourguarantee.

Weshouldknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandkeepitclear.Itisinrelationshipwiththedevelopmentofoureconomic,theprogressofthesocietyandthehealthofpeople.Withtheresponsibilityofoursociety,weshoulddoitwellandmakeourenvironmentmorecleanandcomfortable.

18.单选题

Allexpertsagreethatthemostimportantconsiderationwithdietdrugsiscarefully（）therisksandbenefits.

问题1选项

A.weighing

B.valuing

C.evaluating

D.distinguishing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:所有专家都认为，在对减肥药所做的各方面的考虑中，最重要的是仔细权衡风险和益处。

考查动词辨析。weight使变重，权衡；value评价，重视；evaluate评价，估价；distinguish区分，辨别，使杰出。根据题干关键词therisksandbenefits(风险和益处)可知A项符合句意。

19.单选题

Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.

Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess,saysareportreleasedtodaybytheNationalEducationCommissiononTimeandLearning.

Thecommission'sreport,titled"PrisonersofTime,"callsthefixedclockandcalendarinAmericaneducationa"fundamentaldesignflaw”indesperateneedofchange."Timeshouldservechildreninsteadofchildrenservingtime,"thereportsays.

Thetwo-yearcommissionfoundthatholdingAmericanstudentsto"world-classstandards"willrequiremoretimeforclassroominstruction."Wehavebeenaskingtheimpassibleofourstudentsthattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubjects,"itstates.

TheCommissioncomparedtherelationshipsbetweentimeandlearninginJapan,Germany,andtheUnitedStatesandfoundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided.Onaverage,Americanstudentscanearnahighschooldiplomaiftheyspendonly41percentoftheirschooltimeonacademics,saysthereport.

Americanstudentsspendanaverageofthreehoursadayon“core”academicssuchasEnglish,math,science,andhistory,thecommissionfound.Theirreportrecommendsofferingaminimumof5.5hoursofacademicseveryschoolday.

Thenine-membercommissionalsorecommendslengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours.

"Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices,theyshouldkeepschooldoorsopenlongereachdayandeachyear,"saysJohnHodgeJones,superintendentofschoolsinMurfreesboro,Tenn.,andchairmanofthecommission.

ThetypicalschoolyearinAmericanpublicschoolsis180days.Elevenstatesallowschoolyearsof175daysorless,andonlyonestaterequiresmorethan180days.

"Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools,"saysMiltonGoldberg,executivedirectorofthecommission.“But…ifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"

1.Comparedwiththeacademiccoursesmorethanahundredyearsago,theacademiccoursesnow（）.

2.Theresearchesbythecommissionmentionedinthepassagearemostconcernedabout（）.

3.Asismentionedinthepassage,schoolsintheUnitedStatesdothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.AmericanstudentsdifferfromthoseinJapan,Germanyinthat（）.

5.ExecutivedirectorofthecommissionMiltonGoldbergwouldmostprobablyagreethat（）.

问题1选项

A.includesomeextra-curricularactivities

B.focusmoreoneducationofsocialsupport

C.demandstudents'morecontributionoftime

D.remainmoreorlesswhattheyusedtobe

问题2选项

A.thetimeattributedtoacademiclearning

B.thecomponentsofschooleducation

C.thechangesineducationintherecentcentury

D.thefashionofeducationmanagement

问题3选项

A.providingimportantoutside-academicactivities

B.servingsocialunitssuchasfamilyandcommunity

C.arrangingsix-hourteachingandlearningeveryday

D.havingcompetitionwithschoolsofothercountries

问题4选项

A.theystayatschoolforashortertimeeveryday

B.theydonotlearnasmuchastheircounterpartsabroad

C.theydevotelesstimetoacademiclearning

D.theyearnahighschooldiplomamoreeasily

问题5选项

A.whattheeducationreformadvocateshavedoneisnotgoodenough

B.thetimeofschooldayandschoolyearshouldbeextended.

C.visitingmuseumscanimprovestudents'academiclearningability.

D.socialsupportandextra-curricularactivitiesshouldbecancelled.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。”可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。A“extra-curricularactivities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B“更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。

2.事实细节题。第二段中“Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess，…在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤”可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。

3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心…”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“lengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长…可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。

4.事实细节题。由第五段中“...foundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided….发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C“与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“…thattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubject…美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半…”可知B与D不正确。

5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“Butifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"但是…如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“MiltonGoldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools…过去的十来年，教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。

20.单选题

Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponentanddefinesethnicgroupsasinterestgroups.Inthisview,ethnicityservesasawayofmobilizingacertainpopulationbehindissuesrelatingtoitseconomicposition.Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.

Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.

OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s.BesidesleadingNativeAmericanstoparticipatemoreactivelyinpolitics(thenumberofNativeAmericanlegislativeofficeholdersmorethandoubled),thismovementalsoevokedincreasedinterestintribalhistoryandtraditionalculture.Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.

TheCivilRightsmovementalsobroughtchangesintheusestowhichethnicitywasputbyMexicanAmericanpeople.Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.LikeEuropeanethnicgroupsinthenineteenth-centuryUnitedStates,late-twentieth-centuryMexicanAmericanleaderscombinedethnicwithcontemporarycivicsymbols.In1968HenryCensors,thenmayorofSanAntonio,Texas,citedMexicanleaderBenitoJuarezasamodelforMexicanAmericansintheirfightforcontemporarycivilrights.Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.

46.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Whichisthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirsttwodefinitionsofethnicitydiscussedinthefirstparagraphissupportedbythepassage?

48.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoNativeAmericanpeopleinthesecondparagraphinordertoprovideanexampleof____.

49.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMexicanAmericancommunity?

50.Whichofthefollowingtypesofethnicculturalexpressionisdiscussedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Intheirdefinitionsofthenatureofethnicity,sociologistshaveunderestimatedthepoweroftheprimordialhumanneedtobelong.

B.Ethnicityisbestdefinedasadynamicprocessthatcombinesculturalcomponentswithsharedpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

C.IntheUnitedStatesinthetwentiethcentury,ethnicgroupshavebeguntoorganizeinordertofurthertheirpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

D.EthnicityintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytheCivilRightsmovement.

问题2选项

A.Oneissupportedprimarilybysociologists,andtheotherisfavoredbymembersofethnicgroups.

B.Oneemphasizesthepoliticalaspectsofethnicity,andtheotherfocusesontheeconomicaspects.

C.OneistheresultofanalysisofUnitedStatespopulations,andtheotheristheresultofanalysisofEuropeanpopulations.

D.Onefocusesmoreontheancestralcomponentsofethnicitythandoestheother.

问题3选项

A.theabilityofmembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculturetosatisfyanessentialhumanneed.

B.howethnicfeelingshavebothmotivatedandbeenstrengthenedbypoliticalactivity.

C.howtheCivilRightsmovementcanhelppromotesolidarityamongUnitedStatesethnicgroups.

D.howparticipationinthepoliticalsystemhashelpedtoimproveagroup’seconomicsituation.

问题4选项

A.Inthe1960’stheMexicanAmericancommunitybegantoincorporatethecustomso