考研考博-英语-云南财经大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南财经大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s（）measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

问题1选项

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项feeble“无效的；微弱的；虚弱的”；B选项limp“（性格）软弱的；柔软的，无生气的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项disabled“残废的，有缺陷的”。句意：对于政府压低小麦、大米、糖和其他必需品价格的无效措施，很多报纸进行了评论。结合此处语境，可知A选项正确。

2.单选题

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

问题1选项

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。prediction意为“预测，预报”；prophecy意为“语言”；prospect意为“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意为“试映，预演”。

句意：你最近的项目几乎没有成功的希望。

3.单选题

IntheSpringExportCommoditiesFairthe（

）offinechinaattractedmuchattentionofcustomersfromallovertheworld.

问题1选项

A.succession

B.array

C.string

D.procession

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。succession意为“一系列，继承”；array意为“大量，大堆，阵列”；string意为“细绳，一串”；procession意为“队伍，行列”。

句意：在春季出口商品大会上，陈列精美的瓷器吸引了来自世界各地的客户的广泛关注。

4.单选题

CharlesWeiss,programdirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C.,wasthebank’sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank’spresident,andpartlybecausethebankisnowbeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank’sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm-knownasoperations—whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

Someoperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank’sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountrieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthehank’sresearchprofileliesin().

4.Theword“infrastructure”(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto().

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe().

问题1选项

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank’sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss’spromotion.

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience.

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

问题2选项

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

C.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

问题3选项

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

问题4选项

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

问题5选项

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionbetweenTwoWings

D.LendingOperationsinDevelopingCountries

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.”他相信,这一使银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功。说明银行想要建立一个新的科学部门。选项C符合原文。选项B高管不是支持Charles的晋升,而是支持他的研究,所以表述错误。选项A和D在第一段没有提及。

2.选项A文中只提到“In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.”一半的研究人员被派往业务部门工作,并没有提到是他们想去的,所以表述错误；根据最后一段的内容可知,发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的重要考验。因为在相对贫穷的国家,近50%的世行援助项目在这十年中都失败了。所以选项C错误；根据第三段的第一句“Butthis...byitslendingarm-knownasoperations”不是因为研究工作的效率不高,而是因为业务部门认为研究是贷款的一种功能,而不是一项独立的活动。所以选项D错误,选项B正确。

3.根据第五段的最后一句“becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.”因为这些国家的信用评级较低,很难获得私人资本。选项D正确。。

4.infrastructure指基础的设施设备和服务,选项A正确。

5.文章主要讲的是世界银行的新战略以及战略目前面临的困境,选项B符合原文。选项C描述太广泛,不是很恰当。选项A和D都是小片段,所以也不正确。

5.单选题

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

问题1选项

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推迟做决定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推迟做某事”，mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语，D选项yourdelayingmaking符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Shipspassingonthehighseasexchangedsalutesbyloweringandraisingtheirflagsonce.

问题1选项

A.informationt

B.ceremoniest

C.greetingst

D.privileges

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。salute表示“敬礼，致敬”；A项information“信息”，B项ceremony“仪式，典礼”，C项greeting“招呼，问候”，D项privilege“特权”。句意：在公海上经过的船只通过降旗和升旗互致敬礼。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasoneofthefundamentalconstantsoftheworld.Planckannouncedhisfindingsin1900,butitwasyearsbeforethefullconsequencesofhisrevolutionaryquantumtheorywererecognized.Throughouthislife,Planckmadesignificantcontributionstooptics,thermodynamicsandstatisticalmechanics,physicalchemistry,andotherfields.In1930hewaselectedpresidentoftheKaiserWilhelmSociety,whichwasrenamedtheMaxPlanckSocietyafterWorldWarII.ThoughdeeplyopposedtothefacistregimeofAdolfHitler,PlanckremainedinGermanythroughoutthewar.HediedinGottingenonOctober4,1947.

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Optics.

B.Thermodynamics.

C.Statisticalmechanics.

D.Biology.

问题2选项

A.dangerous

B.extremist

C.momentous

D.militarist

问题3选项

A.Therocket.

B.Theatomicbomb.

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.

D.Thecomputer.

问题4选项

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheory

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformula

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900

D.radiationwashardtostudy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?1.在下列哪个领域马克斯•普朗克没有做出重大贡献？

A.Optics.A.光学。

B.Thermodynamics.B.热力学。

C.Statisticalmechanics.C.统计力学。

D.Biology.D.生物学。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据文章倒数第四句“普朗克一生都在光学、热力学和统计力学、物理化学等领域做出了重大贡献”，从中可知，普朗克在光学、热力学和统计力学、物理化学等都有涉及，只有D项“生物学”没有提到。故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A项“光学”、B项“热力学”和C项“统计力学”都在原文提及，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means______.2.文中下划线的“revolutionary”一词的意思是______。

A.dangerousA.危险的

B.extremistB.极端主义的

C.momentousC.重要的，重大的

D.militaristD.军国主义的

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章倒数第五句“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的发现，但他的revolutionary量子理论的全部结果却在数年之后才被承认”，结合第一句提到“普朗克是量子理论的创始人”，所以推测revolutionary是褒义词，而revolutionary的名词形式为revolution（革命），由此推断revolutionary应该指“具有革命意义的”；只有C项“重要的，重大的”意思与之相近。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“危险的”和B项“极端主义的”根据解题思路可知，该两项曲解原文；

D项“军国主义的”，量子理论和物理相关，并非军事，该项无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?3.从这篇文章中可以推断出，普朗克的工作导致了以下哪一项的发展？

A.Therocket.A.火箭。

B.Theatomicbomb.B.原子弹。

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.C.内燃机。

D.Thecomputer.D.计算机。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章第二句“他的工作帮助开创了理论物理学的新纪元，并彻底改变了科学界对原子和亚原子过程的理解（atomicandsubatomicprocesses）”，可知普朗克的工作改变了对原子和亚原子过程的理解，这也就是说他促进了原子弹的发展。B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“火箭”、C项“内燃机”和D项“计算机”都没有提到，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat______.4.这篇文章的意思是______。

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheoryA.只有德国物理学家才能发现这样的理论

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformulaB.引领20世纪物理学发展的量子理论，基本上是一个数学方程

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900C.普朗克常数在1900年以前是无法识别的

D.radiationwashardtostudyD.辐射很难研究

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章的第三和第四句“普朗克提出了一个观点导致量子理论的产生，该理论成为20世纪物理学的基础。1900年12月，普朗克推导出一个方程（anequation），精确地描述了辐射在低频到高频范围内的分布。”，从中可知，普朗克的量子理论是20世纪物理学的基础，而这个量子理论可以用一个方程推导，这也就是说，量子理论基本上是一个方程，B项符合题意。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“只有德国物理学家才能发现这样的理论”中的only表述太绝对，曲解原文；

C项“普朗克常数在1900年以前是无法识别的”，根据文章倒数第五句的描述“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的发现，但他的革命性量子理论的全部结果却在数年之后才被承认”，可知这里是说普朗克的量子理论在1900年宣布以后，过了数年才被承认，并没有提到普朗克常数，该项曲解原文；

D项“辐射很难研究”，根据解题思路可知，辐射可以被精确地描述，所以该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

8.单选题

Iftheschemeis（

）carriedoutwithoutwasteoftimeorenergy-Ishallbecompletelysatisfied.

问题1选项

A.relatively

B.noticeably

C.appropriately

D.efficiently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。relatively“相对地”；noticeably“显而易见地”；appropriately“恰当地”；efficiently“有效地”。句意：如果计划能够在不浪费时间和精力的情况下展开的话，我会很满意。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

PeterSellerswouldn’tbeallowedhiscareertoday.Allthosefunnyracialstereotypes—thecaricaturedfrogs.Woops,yidsandgoodness-gracious-mePakis—areinclearbreachofthecodesofpoliticalcorrectness.

Hislewddisguisesandoverdoneaccentsbelongwithblack-and-whiteminstrelshowsandclog-dancing—it’sthecomedyofyesteryear.

HaveyoutriedlisteningtoTheGoonShowlately?ItisareworkingofTheGangShow.Excruciatinglybadanddated,andfullofexplosions,GunfireandjokesaboutHitlerandtheWar.

Nonetheless,Sellerscontinuestoobsesspeople.He’salreadybeenthesubjectofbiographiesgalore,including,actin1994,a1,200magnumopusbymyself,whichisnowbeingturnedintoabiopicstarringGeoffreyRush.

TheappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofSellers’story.Hehadeverythinganditwasn’tenough.Hewasacomedianwithatragicinabilitytoenjoylife.Hewasworld-famousanddesperatelylonely.Attheheightofhisfame,asinspectorClouseau,hiseccentricitytippedovertheedgeintogenuineinsanity.Hewasabasketcase.

Thisisirresistiblematerial.Sellers’subversiveandimmoderatebehaviourputshiminaclassofhisown.PicturemydisappointmentwithEdSikov’stome,therefore.Here'sathickbookthattellsusnothingnew.

FornewcomerstoSellers,however,Mr.Strangdoveisaperfectdigestoftheman’slifeandwork,brisklytold.Sellerswasdescendedformafamilyofbare-knuckleEastEndprize-lighters.Althoughhisparentsweremusichallentertainers.Hisclinging,whiningmother,Peg,wasaquick-changeartistandhisfather,Bill,wasaukuleleplayerandsoft-shoe-shufflemerchant.

Theyoungpeterwasraisedintheghostly,twilightworldofshabbytheatresandend-of-the-pierrevues;dogacts,acrobaticmidgets,incompetentconjurorsandgypsyviolinists.TogofromtheseoriginsandbecomeasbigasTheBeatles,ashewasintheSixties,isanamazingfeat.

SellersspenttheSecondWorldWarintheAirforce,impersonatingofficersandplayingthedrumstoentertainthetroops.Whenhewasdemobbedheworkedinholidaycampsandbegangettingspotsonradio.CulminatinginTheGoonShow.HedubbedthevoicesofChurchillandHumphreyBogartonfilmsoundtracks,anditwaswhilehangingabouttruestudiosthathewasofferedwalk-onroles.

HisbreakthroughcamewiththepartofateddyboyinTheladykillers,afilmthatimproveswitheachviewing.ThisledtotheroleoffFredKite,theshaven-headed,belligerentshopstewardinI’mAllrightJackwhichwonhimaBritishAcademyBestActorstatuette.WhenPeterUstinovdroppedoutofThepinkPantheronaFriday.SellersflewtothesetinRomeonMondaytoreplacehim.Therestishistory.

Ornotoriety.Sellers’descentintomadnesswasswift.HegotridofhiswifeandchildrenandchasedafterBrittEklang,whomhepouncedoninTheDorchesterandmarriedtendayslater.Hetookdrugstoenhancehispotency,andthisprecipitatedaheartattack.HavingworkedonDr.Strangeloveduringtheday,eacheveningbelockedhimselfinthebathroomandthreatenedtocommitsuicide.BryanForbesandNanetteNewnanhadtocomeoverandtalktohimthroughthedoor.HethendecidedtobewantedtomarryNanette.HealsowantedtomarrySophiaLoren,PrincessMargaretandLizaMinnelli.

Hismisbehaviorandunprofessionalismcostfilmstudiosmillionsofdollars.Setshadtoberepaintedandcostumesremadeiftheywerepurpleorgreen-colorsofwhichhewasmorbidlysuperstitious.

Heenjoyedmessingaboutduringfilmingandblowinghislines;hepulledgumsonpeople.HewalkedoffCasinoRoyaleandwasdiscoveredinBrittEklang’smother’shouseinSweden.Meanwhile,OrsonWellesandtherestofthecastwereinfullmake-upandonfullpaybackatPinewood,waitingforhimtoreappear.

Sellerswashappyonlyincompanyofhisgadgets,camerasandfastcars,whichhe’dreplaceorabandonwithmanicfrequency.Atoneofhisweddings,themaidsofhonorwerethebride’sdogs.Hewasalsoselfishintheextreme:whenhisrelationshipsbrokeup,hedsendhishenchmenroundtoretrievehisgifts.

1.PeoplearestillobsessedwithPeterSellersbecause______.

2.Bysaying“hewasabasketcase”，theauthormeansthatPeterSellerswas_____.

3.Accordingtothepassage,PeterSellerslookdrugstoimprove_______.

4.The“galore”inparagraph4means_____.

5.PeterSellerscanbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.hewasagenius

B.hewasasbigasTheBeatles

C.hislifewasfullofdramaandcontradiction

D.heledaveryausterelife

问题2选项

A.handicapped

B.deranged

C.impetuous

D.callous

问题3选项

A.histheatricalperformance

B.hisbreathtakingperformance

C.hiswalk-onrolesonthestage

D.hisperformancesexually

问题4选项

A.numerous

B.anecdotal

C.critical

D.unauthorized

问题5选项

A.unpredictablebutgenerous

B.talentedbutunstable

C.sanebutselfish

D.eccentricbutreliable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章第四段出现了题干中的单词obsess，原因则出现在第五段Theappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofseller’sstory，是因为他谜一样的生活。作者在第五段提到了Sellers拥有一切，但是他又非常孤独，所以他的人生充满了矛盾。选项C符合题意。

第2题:题干中的basketcase意思是“有怪癖的人”。Handicapped“有生理缺陷的”；deranged“精神错乱的”；impetuous“冲动的；鲁莽的”；callous“无情的，麻木的”。选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第11段提到hetookdrugstoenhancehispotency，他为了提高性能力而去吸毒，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:题干中的galore意思是“丰盛的”。numerous“许多的，很多的”；anecdotal“轶事的”；critical“批评的”；unauthorized“非法的”。选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章最后一段提到hewasalsoselfishintheextreme:whenhisrelationshipsbrokeup.he'dsendhishenchmenroundtoretrievehisgifts，可以知道他自私，心理扭曲，所以可以排除选项A和C；文章提到他曾要自杀（commitsuicide），所以选项D可以排除。选项B符合题意。

10.填空题

Earthquakesarenaturalshakingswithintheearth’scrust.Theyshowthatcrustalmovementsarestilltaking（1）onourplanettoday,（2）ontheMoon,whichappearstohavenosuchactivity.Seismometersenablegeologiststo（3）theintensityofquakes.MuchofChinaisseismicallyactive,withthemost（4）recentearthquakehavingoccurredin2008,inSichuan（5）.

【答案】place;unlike,measure;serious:province

【解析】句意:地震是地球地壳内的正常震动。他们发现地壳运动在我们今天的星球上仍在发生，不像月球上，貌似没有这样的运动。测振仪能够使地质学家测量震动的强度。中国大部分地区地质活跃，最近最严重（破坏力最大）的一次地震发生在2008年的四川。

1.固定搭配。takeplace发生。

2.语义题。句意:不像月球上，貌似没有这样的运动。故填unlike。

3.语义题。根据前面的seismometers(测振仪)推测此处填measure(测量)。

4.语义题。句意:中国大部分地区地质活跃，最近最严重的一次地震发生在2008年的四川。故填serious。

5.语义题。根据Sichuan推测此处填province。

11.翻译题

Youshould,forexample,dressneatlyandmodestly.Ifyoudresstooinformally,theinterviewermaythinkthatyouarenotseriousabouttheintervieworthatyoumaybecasualaboutyourfuturework.Clothesthataretooexpensiveortoocolorfulmaysuggestthatyoudonotunderstandwhatbehaviorisappropriateforthejob.Itmaynotbetruethat“clothesmaketheman”,butthefirstandoftenlastingimpressionofyouisdeterminedbytheclothesyouwear.

【答案】例如，你应该着装整洁且恰当。如果你穿得太随便，面试的人可能会认为你对面试不认真，或者认为你不在意未来的工作。太贵或太鲜艳的衣服可能表明你不懂什么行为适合这份工作。“人靠衣装”这句话也许不对，但你给人的第一印象，往往是持久的印象，这是由你的着装所决定的。

12.单选题

Allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

问题1选项

A.acclaimed

B.declaimed

C.proclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项acclaimed“称赞；为……喝彩，向……欢呼”；B选项declaimed“慷慨陈词；演讲；朗读”；C选项proclaimed“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项exclaimed“（由于强烈的情感或痛苦而）惊叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的妇女都___这个婴儿发育得多么好。本句表达“妇女称赞婴儿发育的好”，因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

问题1选项

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

问题2选项

A.itemanatedfromimaginationratherthanreason

B.itisthestoryofamovementtowardagoal

C.itdominatesothervaluesandviews

D.itiswiththoughtandmethod

问题3选项

A.fantastic

B.dominant

C.benign

D.harmful

问题4选项

A.Humanprogresshasnothingtodowithmythologies.

B.Themythhashelpedlittleinshapingthehumanfuture.

C.TheGrandNarrativeofProgressshouldbecriticized.

D.Scienceandtechnologycanleadustoautopianfuture

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据句意:用神话构思问题能更好地从神话的角度解决问题。也就是说,神话在解决问题的过程中非常重要。选项A正确。

2.根据关键词“GrandNarrativeofProgress”定位到第一段“...Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.”这是一个朝着目标前进的故事——成就、进步和征服。“进步大神话”之所以能实现是因为它有明确的目标,朝着目标前进。选项B符合原文。

3.原文中“malignant”修饰shadow,而在接下来的内容中主要描述的是“进步大神话”的负面影响,由此可以推断,shadow指阴影,选项中表示贬义的形容词只有选项D,所以“malignant”指有害的。

4.根据原文第三段可知,作者对神话的态度是反对的,紧接着在第四段花大量的篇幅讲述了“进步大神话”的负面影响,由此可以推断,作者认为,“进步大神话”应该受到批评。选项C正确。

14.单选题

Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.

Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.

Overthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,dis