考研考博-英语-中国美术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国美术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

It’ssaidthat（）isgoingtogiveusalecture.

问题1选项

A.anAmericanfamousyoung

B.afamousAmericanyoung

C.afamousyoungAmerican

D.ayoungfamousAmerican

【答案】C

【解析】句意:据说，一个著名的美国年轻人会给我们演讲。

语法题。考查形容词的顺序位置。famous是描绘性形容词，应放在前面；American指的是国籍，表示“美国人”，应该放在young之后。因此选C项。

2.单选题

ByeducationImeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardwithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeoffightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advancedinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

58.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

59.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lion?

60.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably____.

61.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabits?

问题1选项

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

问题2选项

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

问题3选项

A.beginacompletenet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

问题4选项

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreature.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】58.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇科技性的文章，从文中内容可知，作者是在讲外部环境和遗传是互补的因素，主要是为了说明两个生物和遗传学中重要的概念：先天的“本能”(instinct)和后天的“习惯”(habit)，以及它们之间相互的关系。选项A“昆虫的进化”可以排除掉，文章的主题显然不是讨论昆虫的进化。选项C“教育：环境的影响”，D“动物的本能”都分别是文章讨论的一个侧面，也可以排除。所以应该选B“环境和遗传”，从全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明确表现出文章“环境和遗传”这一主题。

59.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。本题可参照第一段中间一句话ifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions…ordiesinhelplessinactivity（如果这样一个孤独的动物在一连串的行动中被打断，它要么徒劳地继续剩下的行动……要么在无助的无为中死去），从中可知，蚁狮会执著地做出本能的反应。因此A项“当它参与连锁行动时它不能受到干扰”为正确答案。B项“动物的本能会导致动物在陌生的情况下做出不合理的反应”，C项“环境和遗传在昆虫进化中是两个补充因素”，D项“沿着进化方向遗传作用变小环境变得更为重要”，皆与文章不符。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。文章第一段最后一句Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,…（一只织网的蜘蛛在挖洞的时候，用沙砾和木屑筑起一个堡垒，当它从一个半成品的家里搬走时，它不会再开始……），可知当一只蜘蛛建造它的小巢的工作进行到一半的时候，到了一个新的环境，它不会重新开始修建另一个巢穴，而是会继续完成一个半成品的巢穴，这是动物的本能的反映。依此类推，当人们把一只蜘蛛从一个织了一半的网上拿到另外一个织了一半的网上的时候，它显然会在本能的驱使下把那个织了一半的网完成。因此C项“继续织剩下的网”，为正确答案。A项“开始织一个完整的网”，B项“摧毁织了一半的网”，D项“远离网”，均不符合文意。

61.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。可从第二段最后一句Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm（习惯，而不是天生的现成的（当它们被称为本能而不是习惯的时候），越来越多地被环境的影响所左右，其中最重要的因素是父母在幼年时期照顾小动物，在幼年时期，比昆虫更模糊的本能被模仿来适应环境，环境可能会发生很大的变化而不会造成伤害），对习惯的描述推出C“他们受到环境的影响”。A项“他们是生物的自然天赋”，B“对所有动物来说，它们比本能更重要”，D“他们注定会在人类的进化中开阔有极其远大前景的可能性”，均错误。

3.单选题

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwaysoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,ismusicalinstrument.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonograph(留声机)wasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,tooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsong.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotation(乐谱)hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureaswhole.

Onemoreimportantpartformusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations,theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyt

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationt

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresentt

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilizationt

问题2选项

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic.t

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestrat

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusict

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusict

问题3选项

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreaditt

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicianst

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusict

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongst

问题4选项

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutiont

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputest

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculturet

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstrumentst

问题5选项

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.t

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.t

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.t

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“研究一个国家的物质文化是非常重要的，因为……”。本文主要讲述的是通过音乐物质文化来探究音乐文化的发展；结合第一段第五句提到werelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.（我们依靠乐器来获取有关远古音乐文化及其发展的重要信息），可推断，通过研究一个国家物质文化可以探究这个国家的发展，即它的过去和现在，故C项“它有助于了解这个国家的过去和现在”正确。A项“它有助于产生新的文化工具和技术”和D项“它可以展示这个民族的文明”与文章无关；B项“它能反映国家的发展”太过于笼统。故该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“从这篇文章中可以了解到……”。第一段最后一句话提到wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.（我们可以追溯一千多年前近东音乐传入中国的历史，也可以勾勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展的大致轮廓），由此可知近东音乐对交响乐团乐器的发展产生了影响，故B项“近东音乐对交响乐团乐器的发展产生了影响”正确。A项“交响乐的存在是由于近东和中国音乐的传播”和C项“交响乐的发展是东西方音乐相互影响的结果”表述与原文不符；D项“交响乐团的乐器是在近东音乐的基础上发展起来的”，文章讲述的是交响乐团的乐器是在近东音乐的影响波及欧洲之后发展的，并不代表就是在近东音乐的基础上发展起来，也有可能有欧洲的影响。D项不正确。故该题选择B项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者，音乐记谱法之所以重要是因为……”。根据第二段最后一句Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotation(乐谱)hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureaswhole.（此外，阅读乐谱的能力对音乐家有着深远的影响，当它变得普遍时，也会对整个音乐文化产生深远的影响）可知，音乐记谱法之所以重要是因为当人们能够读懂它的时候，它会对整个音乐文化产生深远的影响，故A项“当越来越多的人能够读懂它，它对音乐文化有很大的影响”正确。B项“当它被民间音乐家使用时，它倾向于使民歌标准化”，第二段第二句提到butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong（但研究表明，在过去的几个世纪里，在欧洲、英国和美国，口述和书面来源相互影响，印刷版本限制了多样性，因为它们倾向于将任何歌曲标准化）可知，是印刷版倾向于将任何歌曲标准化，B项错误；C项“它是标准化的民间音乐的印刷版本”和D项“它鼓励人们普及歌曲的印刷版本”没有提到。故该题选择A项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以得出结论，电子媒体进入音乐世界……”。最后一段提到Onemoreimportantpartformusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.（音乐物质文化的一个更重要的部分应该被挑出来：电子媒体的影响——收音机、录音机、磁带录音机、电视和录像带，以及未来有希望的会说话和唱歌的电脑和其他发展），结合文章内容可知，电子媒体被引入到音乐文化中，它是音乐的载体，那么可以推断电子媒体的多元化意味着更多的音乐形式，故C项“已经产生了新的音乐文化形式”符合题意。A项“已经带来了一场信息革命”，文章只提到电子媒体是信息革命的一部分，没有提到是电子媒体带来了信息革命，偷换概念；B项“加快了新一代计算机的到来”表述不符合原文；D项“导致了传统乐器的转变”文中没有提到。故该题选择C项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“下面哪一个最好地总结了文章的主要思想？”。本文主要讲述的是音乐物质文化展现的音乐发展历程，即乐器作为物质对音乐的发展；而且文章第一段也讲到Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwaysoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,ismusicalinstrument.（研究一种文化的工具和技术可以告诉我们这个群体的历史和生活方式；同样，研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们理解音乐文化；当然，其中最生动的“物”是乐器），所以文章的主要思想是音乐文化的发展依赖于它的物质方面，D项“音乐文化的发展高度依赖于其物质方面”符合题意。A项“多年来发展起来的乐器迟早会被电脑取代”，文章没有这样的表述；B项“音乐不能传给未来的一代，除非它被记录下来”和C项“民歌不能传播很远，除非它们被打印在乐谱上”都是部分提及，太片面。故该题选择D项正确。

4.单选题

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

问题1选项

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

问题2选项

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

问题3选项

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

问题4选项

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

问题5选项

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】16.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治疗的重点是在疾病过程中减轻身体和心理症状。）和第二句Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（没有什么比平稳控制症状和支持性治疗对癌症患者及其家人的日常生活影响更大的了。），可知姑息治疗对日常生活影响最大，所以B选项“生活质量”正确。A选项“存活率”，C选项“寿命”和D选项“健康保险公司的选择”不是姑息治疗的重点，故错误。因此B选项正确。

17.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我国一心一意致力于治愈癌症的同时，我们无意中低估了对姑息治疗的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（国家需要认真对待减少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看来，姑息治疗应该更加被重视，所以B选项“被研究者忽视了”正确，没有说姑息治疗比治疗癌症本身更重要，故A选项“比癌症治疗的研究更重要”错误。C选项“几乎不存在”：根据第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作为联邦政府在癌症研究和培训方面的领导机构，国家癌症研究所在姑息治疗的任何方面的研究或培训上的支出不到其1999年预算的1%。），可知有这方面的研究，只是很少，故错误。D选项“研究者认为这个主题很无聊”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。

18.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治疗和临终关怀的保险范围也导致了这个问题，因为它迫使人们在治疗和临终关怀之间做出选择。），可知医疗保险让人只能在姑息治疗和临终关怀选择其一，所以A选项“不允许病人同时寻求两者”正确，但还是可以选择，故C选项“剥夺了患者在两种已被证实的治疗方法之间选择的权利”错误。B选项“只覆盖预期寿命少于6个月的患者”和D选项“只有当临终关怀可以延长病人的预期寿命时，它才包括在内”：根据第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（医疗保险临终关怀福利是专门为处于疾病最后阶段的人设计的，只有在患者预计存活时间为6个月或更短的情况下才允许登记。这种好处使患者既不寻求姑息治疗，也不寻求可能延长生命的治疗。），这里说的是临终关怀的使用情况，即患者预计存活时间为6个月或更短的时候采用临终关怀，这时不以延长寿命为目的，故错误。因此A选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（临终关怀院或许有对临终关怀最有经验的医生和姑息治疗经验），可知临终关怀院提供给患者C选项“熟练和经验丰富的姑息治疗”，所以C选项正确。B选项“疾病早期阶段的舒适”：根据第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（医疗保险临终关怀福利是专门为处于疾病最后阶段的人设计的），可知临终关怀不针对疾病早期，故错误。A选项“姑息治疗的替代方案”，和D选项“积极治疗的替代方案”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

20.主旨大意题。文章第一段引入治疗癌症的副作用没有得到充分治疗，第二、三段呼吁国家对此采取措施，第四、五段提到临终关怀对减轻患者痛苦的保险情况，最后一段总结全文强调推动姑息治疗，全文都在围绕减轻患者痛苦的医疗方法，所以D选项“减少癌症患者的痛苦”正确。A选项“改善美国的癌症研究”，B选项“改革癌症患者的保险范围”和C选项“了解癌症治疗和护理的不同选择”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.写作题

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,

IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.

TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.

Yoursrespectfully

ZhangPing

6.单选题

Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.

问题1选项

A.atwhich

B.forwhich

C.onwhich

D.inwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。题干中先行词是thespeed，只有at可以搭配。句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。因此选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

问题1选项

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“难以置信的”；B选项inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C选项incredulous“怀疑的、不轻信的”；D选项indifferent“冷漠的、不关心的”，句意为：当他听到这个意外的消息时，他觉得不可思议，但我最终说服了他。A选项符合句意，因此选A。

8.单选题

Manypeople,ifnotmost,____literarytasteasanelegantaccomplishment,byacquiringwhichtheywillcompletethemselves,andmakethemselvesfinallyfitasmembersofacorrectsociety.

问题1选项

A.lookon

B.lookdown

C.lookin

D.lookinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析与上下文语义。A选项lookon“观看；看待”；B选项lookdown“俯视；瞧不起”；C选项lookin“往里看；（~on顺道拜访）”；D选项lookinto“调查；窥视”。句意：许多人，即使不是大多数，____把文学品味作为一种高雅的修养……根据句意，此处表达的是把文学品味看作一种高雅的修养，A选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

9.单选题

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

问题1选项

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。pioneer“先锋”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“过去”。句意：由于先前的约会，Lora上周六不能参加我的生日派对。C项符合题意。

10.填空题

[A]Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeople.Learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainmutualrespect,andunderstanding—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.

[B]Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuseopponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtolearnhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alargepartofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsbyopponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognizeweaknessinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.

[C]Noneofthesewillbeeasybutyoucanstartevenifothersrefuseto.Nexttimeyoustateyourposition,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview.Spellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.

[D]Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbalfightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Yourprospectswouldbealmostasdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennisgames.Parisofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingiswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments,especiallyaboutpoliticsandreligion.

[E]Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:"thereisonlyoneway...togetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit."Thisaversiontoa