现代大学英语精读4Lesson6-language study课件

PartFourLanguageStudyENTERBTLEWLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyPhrasesandExpressions

WordBuilding

GrammarLanguageStudyContentsBTLEWLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyBTLEWWordlist:allowanceattributebelittleclassifyfundamental6.

grudge7.inherit8.

prohibition9.

originate10.prestige11.justify12.consist13.keenLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyBTLEW

一笔～asumofallowance

接受～receivesubsidy申请～applyforagrantofmoney困难～hardshipgrant取暖～heatingsubsidy

失业～unemploymentbenefit实物～subsidyinkind

现金～cashgrant

学生～studentaid／assistance；scholarship

医疗～medicalbenefit英语中的“补助”Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyBTLEW2.attributev.a.torelatetoaparticularcauseorsource;attributesthto

b.toregardastheworkofaspecifiedagentorcreator:认为是…所为(所写/所做)Examples:

Davidattributedhiscompany'ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperseveringhardwork.

asymphonyattributedtoMozart由莫扎特创作的交响乐Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyBTLEW2.attributen.

a.

Aqualityorcharacteristicinherentinorascribedtosomeoneorsomething

b.Anobjectassociatedwithandservingtoidentifyacharacter,apersonageExamples:

Organizingabilityisessentialattributeforagoodmanager.LightningboltsareanattributeofZeus.Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsTranslation

闪电是宙斯的象征WordStudyBTLEW3.belittlev.a.

torepresentorspeakofascontemptiblysmallorunimportant;disparageb.tocausetoseemlessthananotherorlittle:

Examples:Apoorbuthonestmanisnottobebelittled.Thesizeoftheofficetowerbelittlesthesurroundingbuildings.Translation穷而诚实的人是不该让人小看的。Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyBTLEW3.belittle/minimize/depreciateExamples:thehabitofminimizinglossesinourownforceswhilemaximizingthoseoftheenemyHedepreciatesthevalueofexperience.Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudyBTLEW5.fundamental/essential/vitalFundamentalsuggestssththatisabasicthingwithoutwhichanentiresystemwouldcollapse.（强调基础或根基是无形事物或抽象事物）Essentialsuggestssththatistheverybasicnatureofathing.（必不可少的特点，本质）Vitalsuggestssththatisnecessarytothing’sexistence,continuationorwell-being。（强调对某物存在，发展极为重要）Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW6.grudgev.a.Tobereluctanttogiveoradmit:b.Toresentforhaving;begrudge:Theretiredofficialgrudgedtoanswerthequestionsaskedbythenewsman.Thebrothergrudgedhissisterherbrilliantacademicrecord.n.Adeep-seatedfeelingofresentmentorrancor:

bear(have)agrudgeagainstsb.bear(owe)sb.agrudgeLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW7.inherita.toreceive

(propertyoratitle)fromanancestorbylegalsuccessionorwillb.toreceiveortakeoverfromapredecessorc.toreceive(acharacteristic)fromone'sparentsbygenetictransmission.Examples:Theeldestsonwillinheritthetitle.

Thenewadministrationinheritedtheeconomicproblemsfromthepreviousone.

Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW7.inherit

inheritthetraditionSheinheritedhermother’sgoodlooksandherfather’sbad

temper.

Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW8.prohibition

Theperiod(1920-1933)duringwhichthe18thAmendmentforbiddingthemanufactureandsaleofalcoholicbeverageswasinforceintheUnitedStates.

禁酒时期美国第十八条修正案禁止生产和销售烈性酒实施的时期（1920-1933年）Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW9.originate

a.originatefrom/insth.originatefrom/withsb.:havesb/sthasacauseofbeginningb.bethecreatororauthorof(sth)发明,创造Examples:Alltheoriesoriginatefrom/inpracticeandinturnservepractice.TheoptictheoryoriginatedwithEinstein.originateanewstyleofdancingLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW11.justify

a.Toprovetobejust,rightorvalidb.Beagoodreasonforsth.

Examples:

Thecourseofeventsfullyjustifiesourviews.Theserecommendationswillneedtobe

justifiedbeforetheycanbeimplemented.Thefinequalityoftheclothjustifiesitshighprice.Icannotreallyjustifytakinganotherdayoffwork.Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsWordStudy

BTLEW12.consist

a.Tobemadeuporcomposed

b.Havesthasitschiefelementorfeaturec.Tobecompatible;accord:

NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs.Thebeautyoftheartist'sstyleconsistsinitssimplicity.Truecharitydoesn‘tconsistinalmsgiving.

真正的慈善不在于施舍。Theinformationconsistswithheraccount.Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsII.PhrasesandExpressions

BTLEWList:asarulemakeallowancesinfashioninthelightof5.runout6.onthegroundof7.ashadowof8.atallcostsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEWUsually;generally;inmostcases

Examples:Asarule,Iliketobealoneandundisturbed.Idon’teatsweetsasarule.一般说来，经常1.asaruleII.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEW

3.infashion

comeinto/beinfashion

becomepopular

go/beoutoffashion

becomeunpopularasastyle

inthefashionofsb.

likesb,imitatingthestyleofsb.Examples:Longskirtshavecomeintofashionagain.ShepaintsinthefashionofPicasso.流行，入时II.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEW4.in(the）lightofsthinviewofsth,consideringsth

Examples:reviewtheproposalsinthelightofpastexperience

鉴于某事II.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEW5.runouta.Tocometoanend,tobeuseduporfinishedb.Toexpire,tobenolongervalidc.(torunsbout)toforcesbtoleaveaplaceExamples:Thepetrolisrunningout./Wearerunningoutofpetrol.Hisdrivinglicense/passporthasrunout.Ifherefusestoleaveof(stop)hisfreewill,theywillrunhimout.用光，耗尽II.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEW7.shadowof

Examples:Thereisnotashadowofjustificationforyourbehavior.notashadowofdoubtTonight,sheknewwithoutanyshadowofdoubtthathewaslyingtoher.某事物的痕迹 slighttraceofsth.II.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEW8.atallcostsSomethingwhichmusthappenatallcostsissoimportantthateverythingpossiblemustbedonetomakesureithappens.Examples:Thislettermustreachhimbythisafternoonatallcosts.Imustfinishtheworkbytomorrowatallcosts.无论如何II.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsTheendofPhrasesandExpressions.III.WordingBuilding

BTLEWList:root–cideroot–verseLesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEWinfanticiderootcide:

tocutinfanticidefratricideinsecticidematricidepatricidesuicide杀婴杀害兄弟姐妹者杀虫剂杀母者杀父者自杀III.WordingBuildingLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsBTLEWconverserootverse:

toturnconverseadverseaversediverseinverseobversereverse相反的事物不利的，敌对的厌恶的，反对的不同的，互异的，种种的逆的，反的正面的，相对的颠倒的，相反的III.WordingBuildingLesson6–GroundlessBeliefsTheendofWordBuilding.IV. GrammarBTLEWRelativeAdverbsWhen,whereandwhyusedinthefollowingwaysarecalledrelativeadverbs.Whencanreplacein/at/onwhich(useoftime):theyearwhen(=inwhich)hewasbornButweshouldfullyfacethefactthatbeliefswhicharemerelyinheritedfromthepastmusthaveoriginatedatatimewhen(=atwhichtime)menknewmuchlessthantheyknowtoday.(para.5)Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsBTLEWIV. GrammarWherecanreplacein/atwhich(useofplace):Thisistheplacewhere(=inwhich)alargedormitorywillbebuiltforthefamiliesofourteachers.Whycanreplaceforwhich:Thereisnoreasonwhy(=forwhich)Ishouldnotaccepttheoffer.Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefs

BTLEWAbbreviatedAdverbialClauseIV. GrammarRules:Onlywhenthesubjectoftheclauseandthatofthesentenceareoneandthesamecantheclausebeshortened.

ButifthestaunchestRomanCatholicandthestaunchestPresbyterianhadbeenexchangedwheninfants…Lesson6–GroundlessBeliefsBTLEWAbbreviatedAdverbialClauseRules:B.Adverbialclausesoftime,condition,concession,mannerandcomparisoncanbereducedtoconj.+participles(bothpresent