虚拟语气使用时应注意的事项课件

虚拟语气使用时应该注意的事项语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。1.表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气句型Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,howsurprisedthesesunflowerswouldbe!句型：if+主语+wereto+原形动词，主语+would/could/might/should/oughtto+原形动词。试造句：要是太阳围绕地球转，世界该是什么样的呢？Ifthesunweretogoaroundtheearth,whatkindofworlditwouldbe?3.butfor…要不是…….此句型仅限于与现在事实及过去事实相反的虚拟语气。3.1与现在事实相反：若非……就……句型：Ifitwerenot+that从句（一般现在时）/for+名词，主语+would/could/might/should/oughtto+原形动词=butfor+名词，主语+would/could/might/should/oughtto+原形动词要不是他努力工作，我才不会喜欢他。Ifitwerenotthatheworkshard,Iwouldn’tlikehim.=Ifitwerenotforhishardwork,I…=Wereitnotforhishardwork,I…=Butforhishardwork,I…3.2与过去事实相反：若非当时……就……句型：Ifithadnotbeen+that从句（一般过去时）/for+名词，主语+would/could/might/should/oughtto+have+过去分词=Butfor+名词，主语+would/could/might/should/oughtto+have+过去分词试造句：要不是他当时借钱给我，我是无法买那本书的。Ifithadnotbeenthathelentmethemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthebook.=Ifithadnotbeenforthemoney(which)helentme,I…=Haditnotbeenforthemoney(which)helentme,I…=Butforthemoney(which)helentme,I…butfor可以用without替代，之后仍接名词。造句：要不是他帮忙，我办不成这件事。Butforhishelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.=Withouthishelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.要不是他及时警告，我已经丧命了。Butforhistimelywarning,Imighthavedied=Withouthistimelywarning,Imighthavedied.4.lest…（should）…以免……lest为连接副词，引导状语从句。在该从句中，助动词一律用should，而should往往予以省略，但该从句中的动词仍用原形动词。我起早以免错过火车。IgotupearlylestI(should)missthetrain.我准时到达以免他生气。Iarrivedontimelesthe(should)beangry.5.asif…=asthough…仿佛/好像……asif或asthough均为连接副词，引导状语从句。使用时有三种时态：5.1表极大可能-----动词用一般时态看起来好像要下雨了。Itlooksasif(asthough)itisgoingtorain.5.2表与现在事实相反-----动词用一般过去时。王先生很爱我的孩子就像他们是他的孩子一样。Mr.Wanglovesmychildrenasif(asthough)theywerehiskids.5.3表与过去事实相反-----动词用过去完成时他当时看起来好像什么都没发生过一样。Helookedasif(asthough)nothinghadhappened.注意：asif或asthough后面也可以接不定时短语，表即将发生的状况：Sheopenedherlipsasif(shewasgoing)tospeak7.ifonly…要是……就好了。本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气。换言之，本句型只能用一般过去时或过去完成时。要是他现在在这里就好了。Ifonlyhewerehere.=Iwishhewerehere.要是我早点知道这件事情就好了IfonlyIhadknownitearlier.=IwishIhadknownitearlier.注意区别于onlyif结构。onlyif表示“只有……才”。如：Itoldhimhewouldsucceedonlyifhetriedhard.我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。Iwillonlycomehomeifyoucomewithme.（=Iwillcomehomeonlyifyoucomewithme.）只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。8.wish的用法wish之后接that从句时，一定要使用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。也就是说，that从句里不使用一般现在时。试判断以下句子哪句错了：Iwishheishere.Iwishhewerehere.Iwishhehadbeenhere.wish+that从句也可表示对将来状况的虚拟，主句要用过去时助动词would/could/might+原形动词：Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgotomorrow.9.对过去事情猜测的三种句型：9.1musthave+过去分词：一定曾经……他博学多闻，一定受过良好教育。Heislearned;hemusthavereceivedagoodeducation.9.2mayhave+过去分词：可能曾经……他看起来很疲倦，可能昨晚熬夜到很晚。Helookstired;hemayhavestayeduplatelastnight.9.3cannothave+过去分词：不可能曾经……他是老实人，不可能偷了玛丽的钱吧。Heishonest;hecannothavestolenMary’smoney.如果表猜测的结构为疑问句，要用“Can…have…?”句型判断以下句子哪句错了：Mayhehavedoneit?Canhehavedoneit?四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以---mighthavedone本来可能---should/oughttohavedone本来应该做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--

你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做（但是已经做了）---

比较：didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做----我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.10意志动词的用法意志动词有“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“规定”、“主张”五大类。这些动词后面接that从句，且从句做宾语时，从句中要用助动词should,而should往往予以省略。建议：suggest;recommend;advise;urge(呼吁)；propose;move(提议)要求：ask;desire;demand;require;request;insist(坚持要求)命令：order;command规定：rule;regulate;stipulate主张：advocate;maintain试填空：Theysuggestedthathe___homeontime(come).MarydesiredthatPeter____hernicely(treat).TheMayororderedthatthepoliceofficer_____investigated(be).Theprincipalruledthatnostudentshould___truant(play).看题：1.MysisteradvisedmethatI________accepttheinvitation.A.couldB.mustC.shouldD.might2.Heasksthathe________anopportunitytoexplainwhyhe'srefusedtogothere.A.isgivenB.mustgiveC.shouldgiveD.begiven3.Iinsistedthatwe________atonce.A.goneB.goC.wouldgoD.mightgoCDB11.that从句作同位语或表语that从句如果置于由意志动词变成的名词之后，而与该名词形成同位语或者表语时，that从句中也要使用助动词should,而should往往予以省略。我建议他出国读书。Itismysuggestionthathe(should)studyabroad.----that从句做suggestion一词的同位语=Mysuggestisthathe(should)studyabroad----that从句在suggestion一词之后做表语他们提议延期开会。Theyraisedaproposalthatthemeetingbepostponed.----that从句做proposal一词的同位语=Theirproposalisthatthemeetingbepostponed.----that从句在proposal一词之后做表语。约翰期望有人能帮他写信。ItisJohn’sdesirethatsomeonehelphimwritetheletter.=John’sdesireisthatsomeonehelphimwritetheletter.注意的意志动词变过来的常见名词有：suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request

WhatdoyouthinkofWangFang'ssuggestionthatwe________Mr.Litotheparty？A.willinviteB.haveinvitedC.isinvitedD.inviteDChoosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbe