虚拟语气 grammar课件

SubjunctivemoodGrammar一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。条件从句If条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来动词的过去(were)had

donewould/could/should/might+动词原形would/could/should/might+have+过去分词1.动词过去式(were)2.should+动词原形3.wereto+动词原形would/could/should/might+动词原形一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法

要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。Ifshehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.1.如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier,you_________________thebus.2.如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。IfI____notbusy,I__________younow.3.如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What______wedoifit____________tomorrow?had

gotwerewould

helpshouldweretosnowwould

have

caughtIfI____________busylastnight,I_______________toseethefilmwithyou.had

not

beenwould

have

goneIfhe

_________

more

carefully,he____________________thecaraccidentyesterday.

would

not

have

had

had

driven

注意若if条件句中有were，had，should时，可省略if，将这三个词提到句首。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldneverdothat.ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1.

wish+

宾语从句表现在:

过去时表过去:

过去完成时表将来:

would/could/might+动词原形“wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“但愿…、要是…、悔不该…”Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

hadnevergonetoit.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.3.在表示要求,命令,建议，愿望，坚持，想法等动词后面的宾语从句中谓语动词使用should+动词原形,可将should省略。常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,

三个建议,四个要求。1)insist

2)order,command

3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,askIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”,而表示“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句中谓语动词用陈述语气。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式为(should)+动词原形。名词：order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request。例如：Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusagreewiththeadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.4.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible/funny/ashame/apity+that从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形。例如：★Itis

important

thatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.★Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.asif/though+从句与现在相反：与过去相反：将来发生的可能性不大：过去时过去完成时★Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.★Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.★Itlooksasifitmightsnow.三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法would/could/might+do我们该去睡觉了。2.It’s(quite/high)time+that过去时should(不省)+do.你该走了。It’shightimethatyou

went.It’shightimethatyou

were

going.It’shightimethatyou

should

go.It’stimethatwe

wenttobed.It’stimethatwe

should

gotobed.汉语译为“（早）该做某事了”她早该洗Itisquitetimesheshouldwashherclothes.衣服了3.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中,表示与事实相反的愿望。其后句中时态和Iwish后所接时态一致.译为“要是……就好了”例如：IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!Ifonlyhewouldgowithme!=Iwishhewouldgowithme!4.含蓄条件句中的虚拟指没有明显的虚拟条件，而是利用表示含蓄条件的词来暗示虚拟，根据句意来判断形式。常表示含蓄的词有without,butfor(要不是),otherwise(否则)Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.

Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingthe

ball,otherwisehewouldhavescored

agoal.5.混合型的条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句（错综时间虚拟条件句）。例如：Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.★如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetest

ifhehadtakenmyadvice.

★假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.★假如我是你,我当时就不会打破那杯子。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.错综时间条件句。*近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnow

insomepartsofthiscountry______soserious.A.wouldn’tbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeenA

②假设条件虚拟倒装。_______sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.IsB③含蓄虚拟条件句。Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_______youlongbefore.A.hadvisited B.havevisitedC.wouldhavevisitedD.shouldvisitC④常见的几种固定句式。

1.IfonlyI______

tomyparents’advice!A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened2.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_______

toyourplan.A.shouldn’tagree

B.wouldn’tagree

C.hadn’tagreedD.didn’tagreeD

D3.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_________before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished4.It’shightimehe________

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

5.Evenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.beD.isC

B

B

5.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined解析:真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。B1.--Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe____toMiamibuttoNewYork?--Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehasrefusedto.(05江苏)A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;whatB高考链接2.IfI___plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(05湖北)A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughttoB3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.(全国卷)A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;didn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotD4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(全国卷)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD1.____hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.(07全国卷)AIfBSinceCThoughDWhen2.______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.（01全国卷）AWasBShouldCWouldDWill历年高考真题3.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit_____yesterday.(06全国卷)AwashappeningBhappensChashappenedDhappened4.----Whatwillyoudoifit_____tomorrow?