考研考博-英语-保定职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保定职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.不定项选择题

Theword“biodiversity”isatermheardwithincreasingfrequencyintheongoingdebateoverhowbesttoprotecttheworld’senvironment,andmorespecifically,howtopreserveitsrapidlydwindlingnumbersofplantandanimalspecies.Inverygeneralterms,“biodiversity”referstothenumberofplantandanimalspeciesthatcanbefoundinaparticularhabitatorecosystem.Thisisapparentlyaverysimpleconcept,butthesimplicityofitbeliesitssignificance.Abetterpopularunderstandingoftherealmeaningofbiodiversityandofitsimportancetothecircumstancesinwhichwepresentlyfindourselvesiscriticaltothesuccessofeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,andthereforeessentialtoourownsurvival.

Globalbiodiversity,whichisthetotalnumberofplantandanimalspeciesexistingontheplanetatanyonetime,canonlybeestimated;andonlyveryroughlyestimatedatthat.Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered.Someofthese,suchasinsectsandmicroscopiclife,aresmallenoughtohaveescapedournotice,whileothersdwellinareaswehaveonlybeguntoexplore;thespeciesinhabitingthedeepestoceandepths,forexample.Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.Thecurrentbestestimateissomewhereintheneighborhoodof100to200millionspecies.

Thisnumber,whileitmaybeofsomeinteresttononscientists,isn’tofmuchrealvaluetoresearchers.Theyaregenerallymoreconcernedwithlocalbiodiversity.Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.

Ofcourse,itisthisvalue—themeasureoflocalbiodiversity—thatismostusefulforanyoneconcernedwithassessingthehealthofanecosystemorprotectingitfromdestruction.Inmeasuringthebiodiversityofaparticularecosystem,biologistsareusuallyquiteimpartialwhenweighingtherelativesignificanceofeachspecies.Mostareassignedavalueofone,thetotalnumberofspeciesthenrepresentingthetargetvalue.However,therearetwoconditionsunderwhichonespeciesmaybeweightedmoreheavilythanothers.Thiswouldcertainlybethecaseforanyspeciesthatbyvirtueofitsgeneticuniquenesswouldconstituteaspeciallosstotheglobalgenepoolintheeventofitsextinction.Thetuataraisagoodexampleofjustsuchaspecies.Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.

Aspeciesmaybeaccordedbonuspointsinthebiodiversityequationforanotherreasonaswell;itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.AnexampleofthiswouldbetheCaliforniaseaotter.[A]Thepreferredfoodofthisspeciesofmarinemammalistheseaurchin;amarineinvertebrate,whichfeedsonacertaintypeofseagrassknownaskelp.[B]Wereitnotfortheotter’scontributionincontrollingtheseaurchinpopulation,theunderseakelpforestwouldsurelybedecimatedbyadramaticincreaseinthepopulationofseaurchins.[C]Thiswouldremoveakeysupportingelement—thekelp—fromthehabitatofmanyfishandinvertebratespeciesthatdependonit.[D]This,inturn,wouldfundamentallyalteranentireunderseahabitatandundoubtedlyputariskanumberofdifferentspeciesthathaveadaptedtoitspeculiarcharacteristics.Therefore,thebehavioroftheotterinactivelymaintainingthelocaldiversityofspeciesdictatesthatitshouldbeassignedahigherbiodiversityvalue.

13.Whatwastheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?

14.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatwedon’thaveanaccuratemeasureofglobalbiodiversitybecause（）.

15.Thewordenormityinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto（）.

16.Accordingtothepassage,thelargestnumberofspecieswouldbefound（）.

17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTimportantinassessingbiodiversity?

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

19.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

20.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

问题1选项

A.Toexplainwhybiodiversityisessentialtooursurvival.

B.Toexplaintheconceptofbiodiversity.

C.Toshowwhylocalbiodiversityismoreimportantthanglobalbiodiversity.

D.Toclarifythedangersthatresultfromdecliningbiodiversity.

问题2选项

A.thenumberofspeciesisconstantlychanging

B.populationsofanimalsmovefromplacetoplace

C.wedon’tknowtheecologicalroleplayedbyallspecies

D.thedefinitionofbiodiversityisnotclearenough

问题3选项

A.important

B.quality

C.vastness

D.accuracy

问题4选项

A.onthecoralreefs

B.intheboundaryareasbetweenlocalecosystems

C.intheunderseakelpforests

D.infreshwaterlakesandstreams

问题5选项

A.Thespecialfunctionaparticularspeciesplaysinanecosystem.

B.Thenumberofspeciespresentinanecosystem.

C.Thegeneticuniquenessofthespecieswithinanecosystem.

D.Thesizeoftheareaanecosystemcovers.

问题6选项

A.Localbiodiversitymaychange,butglobalbiodiversitydoesnot.

B.Allspecieshavethesamesignificancewhenconsideringbiodiversity.

C.Theconceptofbiodiversityisoflittlevaluetoecologists.

D.Theearthisexperiencingareductioninglobalbiodiversity.

问题7选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题8选项

A.Asthelastofa60millionyearoldfamilyofreptilestodieout,thetuatarawassogeneticallyspecialthatitwouldhaveraisedthecalculatedbiodiversityvalueofthehabitatinwhichitlived.

B.Thetuataradeservesaheavierbiodiversityweightingbyvirtueofthefactthatallothergeneticallysimilaranimalsvanished60millionyearsagoandtherefore,itaddsanunusualamounttothelocalbiodiversityvalue.

C.Thetuatarasgeneticuniquenessmakesitmorelikelytodieoutliketheothermembersofitsfamilywhichdisappeared60millionyearsago,andthereforeitshouldbegivenahigherbiodiversityvalue.

D.Becauseofthehigherbiodiversityvaluecontributedbythetuataratoitshabitat,thetuataraqualifiesforspecialstatustopreventitfromvanishingliketheothermembersofitsfamilydid60millionyearsago.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:B

【解析】13.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先引出“生物多样性”的定义，介绍了全球大概的物种数量，接着介绍了研究生物多样性的意义，说明本文的主要目的是介绍生物多样性的概念。因此B选项“解释生物多样性的概念”正确。A选项“解释为什么生物多样性对我们的生存至关重要”，原文只提到生物多样性对我们的生存至关重要，没有具体阐述，所以A错误。C选项“说明为什么当地的生物多样性比全球的生物多样性更重要”只是原文的一部分内容，不能概括全文主旨，所以C错误。D选项“阐明生物多样性的减少所带来的危险”，原文没有讲到生物多样性减少的危害，所以D错误。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段中说到Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered…Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent…Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.（毫无疑问，还有许多物种有待发现……还必须记住，我们正处于大规模灭绝事件之中……综合来看，这两个不确定因素使全球生物多样性的估计不能成为一个有根据的猜测。），说明物种的数量有增有减，在不断的变化中，所以不能准确衡量生物的多样性。因此A选项“物种的数量在不断变化”正确。B选项“动物的种群从一个地方移到另一个地方”，C选项“我们不知道所有物种在生态方面的作用”在文中没有提及，所以B，C错误。D选项“生物多样性的定义还不够明确”，原文明确给出了生物多样性的定义，即在一个特定的栖息地或生态系统中发现的植物和动物物种的数量，所以D错误。

15.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“enormity”可以定位到文章第三段第三句Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.（尽管存在于整个地球上的物种数量明显很庞大，但当我们跨越分隔地球生物圈的生态系统的界限时，当地的生物多样性——在任何一个栖息地中发现的物种数量都会极大地波动。），说明“enormity”在文中是指“数量庞大”的意思。因此C选项“大量”准确。A选项“重要”，B选项“质量”，D选项“准确”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

16.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.（它在珊瑚礁和热带雨林中达到最高水平，那里每英亩可能有数千种物种。），说明物种数量最多的地方在珊瑚礁和热带雨林。因此A选项“珊瑚礁”正确。B选项“在当地生态系统之间的边界地区”，C选项“在海底的海藻林中”，D选项“在淡水湖泊和溪流中”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

17.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关键词“specialfunction”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.（由于它在生态系统中发挥的作用，可能被认为更重要。），说明物种在生态系统中发挥的作用是评估生物多样性的要素，A选项“一个特定的物种在一个生态系统中发挥的特殊功能”表述正确，排除A。由B选项关键词“numberofspecies”可以定位到文章第三段第三句localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.（当我们跨越分隔地球生物圈的生态系统的界限时，当地的生物多样性——在任何一个栖息地中发现的物种数量都会极大地波动。），说明物种的数量是评估生物多样性的要素，B选项“一个生态系统中存在的物种数量”表述正确，排除B。由C选项关键词“geneticuniqueness”可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.（在计算其栖息地的生物多样性时，鳄蜥的基因独特性更值得重视。），说明基因独特性是评估生物多样性的要素，C选项“一个生态系统中的物种的基因独特性”表述正确，排除C。D选项“一个生态系统所覆盖的区域的大小”在文中没有提及，不属于评估生物多样性的要素，本题选D。

18.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.（我们还必须记住，我们正处于大规模灭绝事件之中。物种正在以比地球生命历史平均速度快1000到10000倍的速度消失。），说明全球生物多样性在减少。因此D选项“地球正经历着全球生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“局部的生物多样性可能会改变，但全球的生物多样性不会改变”，由原文可知全球的生物多样性在不断的变化中，所以A错误。B选项“在考虑生物多样性时，所有的物种都有相同的意义”，由原文可知，一些有基因独特性或者在生态系统中发挥特殊作用的物种对于生物多样性有着更重要的意义，所以B错误。C选项“生物多样性的概念对生态学家没有什么价值”，原文说的是物种数量对研究人员来说没有多大实际价值，而不是生物多样性这个概念，理解生物多样性的真正意义是至关重要的，所以C错误。

19.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.（这个的后果将是局部生物多样性的急剧丧失。）讲的是某种做法的结果，会导致生物多样性急剧丧失，D处前文说到如果没有海獭捕食海胆，海胆就会大量消灭海藻，许多生物将会失去栖息地，那么下文应该说到它的后果，即局部生物多样性急剧丧失。因此该句放在D处最合适。

20.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.（鳄蜥是爬行动物族中唯一幸存的成员，除它之外，该族其他物种在6000万年前就灭绝了。在计算其栖息地的生物多样性时，鳄蜥的基因独特性更值得重视。），说明鳄蜥作为唯一幸存下来的物种，其基因独特性使它在计算生物多样性时更重要。因此B选项“由于所有其他基因相似的动物在6000万年前就消失了，鳄蜥应该得到更大的生物多样性权重，因此它为当地的生物多样性增加了不寻常的价值。”正确。A选项“作为一个有着6000万年历史的爬行动物家族中最后一个灭绝的物种，鳄蜥在基因上非常特殊，它将提高所居住栖息地的生物多样性计算值。”，由原文可知，鳄蜥没有灭绝，所以A错误。C选项“鳄蜥的基因独特性使它更有可能像6000万年前消失的其他家族成员一样消亡，因此它应该被赋予更高的生物多样性价值。”，由原文可知，鳄蜥的基因独特性使它更容易存活下来，所以C错误。D选项“由于鳄蜥对其栖息地具有更高的生物多样性价值，鳄蜥有资格获得特殊地位，以防止其像6000万年前的其他家族成员一样消失。”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

2.填空题

Directions:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonmarriageproblems.Whileyoulisten,completethesentensesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)

6.Whatshouldbetheprimarysourceofhelpforatroubledcouple?

7.Writingdownalistofprobleminthemarriagemayhelpatroubledcouplediscussthem.

8.Whoshouldacoupleconsiderseriouslyturningtoiftheycan’ttalkwitheachother?

9.Priestsareusuallyunsuccessfulincounselingtroubledcouplesdespitetheir（）.

10.Accordingtotheoldnotion,whatwillmakeheartsgrowfonder?

【答案】6.(thecouple)themselves

7.constructively

8.aqualifiedpsychologist

9.goodintentions

10.absence

3.单选题

Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs（

）italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.

问题1选项

A.renders

B.reckons

C.regards

D.relates

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项render“致使”；B选项reckon“计算；认为，把……看作”；C选项regard“看待，认为”；D选项relate“有联系，连接”。句意：金雕通常将巢筑在高高的悬崖上，这一事实使得获取鸟蛋或小鸟几乎不可能。结合句意，可知A选项正确。

4.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置；结构；外形”；B选项constitution“宪法；体制；构造；结构”；C选项condemnation“谴责；定罪；非难的理由”；D选项contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科学》杂志上有一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构，而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意，B选项正确。

5.单选题

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

问题1选项

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。impetuous“性急的，鲁莽的”；impertinent“无关的，不恰当的，不相干的”；imperative“必要的，紧急的，极重要的”；imperceptible“察觉不出的，感觉不到的”。句意：我邻居倾向于用一种激烈、鲁莽的方式做出反应。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOsandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends―nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus(领袖)promisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-andtime-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommoditizedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime―oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat______.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe______.

问题1选项

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned

问题2选项

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

问题3选项

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time

D.Time-savingdevices.

问题4选项

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient

问题5选项

A.TheNewInternetLife

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?“No,quitecontrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。

4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。

7.单选题

Didyourmumanddadgotouniversity,ordidtheyleaveschoolandgostraighttotheJobCentre?Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday’sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.

TheresearchwasdonebytheHigherEducationCareersServiceUnit.Itplanstofollowuniversityapplicantsforsixyearsfrom2006throughtheirearlycareers.

Thefirstyear’sfindingscomefromastudyof130,000universityapplicants.Theyshowsignificantdifferencesinprospectivestudents’approachtohighereducation,dependingonwhethertheirparentsgotdegrees(second-generationapplicants)ordidn’t(first-generationapplicants).

First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave“toenablemetogetagoodjob”astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.And37percentsaidthatadegreewas“partofmycareerplan”.

Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.

AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.

“Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit’sprettylikelyyou’llgetajobattheend.That’sabigplus,asthedebtlevelsafterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening,”shesays.Manyexpertsbelievethatthissituationaffectsthosewithnofamilytraditionofhighereducationfarmorekeenly.Thefactthat26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadviceimpliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhighereducationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.

Forthosewithgraduateparents,thislackofguidancemay,theresearcherssuggest,belessofaproblem.“But,forthosewithouttheadvantages,lackofaccesstocareerguidancebeforeapplyingforhighereducationleavesthemexposedtomakingpoorerchoices,”thesurveyconcludes.

1.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

2.“HE”inthe4thparagraphprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhousehold（）.

4.InwhichofthefollowingaspectsdoKimBurnettandHarrietEdgehaveincommon?

5.Itisimpliedthat（）.

问题1选项

A.parents’experiencesaremoreimportantfortheirchildren’seducation

B.parents’careersarevitallyimportantfortheirchildren’sdegrees

C.students’approachtohighereducationcorrelateswiththeirparents’educationalexperience

D.students’careerandemploymentprospectsaredecidedbytheirparents

问题2选项

A.healtheducation

B.higheremployment

C.HarrietEdge

D.highereducation

问题3选项

A.islesslikelytogetfinancialaidtogotouniversity

B.ismorelikelytochoosevocationaleducation

C.maythinklearningforpleasureisagoodidea

D.maychoosetostudyforaprofessionaldegree

问题4选项

A.Theybothchosetheirmajorsbecauseoftheirfamilyinfluence.

B.Theyareboththefirst-yearstudentsinuniversity.

C.Bothoftheirparentslackcollegedegrees.

D.Bothofthemchosedegreesforjobsecurity.

问题5选项

A.thecostofadegreeinmedicineisveryhigh

B.highereducationinvestmentinmedicineisnotworthwhile

C.astudentwithoutfamilymedicaltraditionislesslikelytochoosemedicine

D.medicineisafieldwhereeverydegree-holdercangetajob

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要观点是……”。第一段指出Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday’sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.（根据英国未来研究中心的研究，当谈到今天的学生如何选择学习领域以及毕业后做什么时，父母的教育经历仍然很重要），由此我们可知文章讨论的是父母的教育经历影响到子女受教育的程度以及职业选择倾向。A项“父母的经历对孩子的教育更重要”，内容表达的比较片面；B项“父母的职业对孩子的学位至关重要”，文章没有提及；C项“学生接受高等教育的方式与其父母的教育经历有关”符合文章大意；D项“学生的职业和就业前景是由他们的父母决定的”，表达太过绝对。故该题选C正确。

第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“第四段中的He可能指的是……”。根据题干定位到文章第四段First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave“toenablemetogetagoodjob”astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.（第一代申请者更倾向于声称他们的职业生涯和就业前景是他们决定上大学的最重要的因素；约五分之一的受访大学生选择它的主要原因是“为了找到一份好工作”），由此可推测，第二句中的“HE”指的就是第一句中的decidingtogotouniversity（决定上大学），即“高等教育”，所以D项“高等教育”符合题意。A项“健康教育”，该段没有提到健康教育；B项“高就业”，内容与原文句子冲突；C项“哈里特•埃奇”这是后面提到的内容，与这里的内容无关。故该题选D正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“来自非职业家庭的年轻人……”。根据题干定位到第五段Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.（来自经济拮据的非职业家庭的年轻人可能会发现，为了学习而学习的想法是一种奢侈；这解释了职业课程激增的原因），由此可推，来自非职业家庭的年轻人会因为经济拮据而选择职业课程，所以B项“更有可能选择职业教育”符合。A项“获得上大学助学金的可能性更小”，文章没有提到助学金；C项“认为以学习为乐是一个好主意”，内容与原文相反，这些年轻人认为为了学习而学习是一种奢侈；D项“选择攻读专业学位”，来自非职业家庭的年轻人更多的选择了职业教育，所以攻读专业学位是不太可能。故该题选B正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“KimBurnett和HarrietEdge在以下哪些方面有共同之处？”。根据题干定位到文章第六段AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.（在朴茨茅斯大学，19岁的大一学生KimBurnett说，为了找到一份稳定的高薪工作，她特意选择了健康研究管理和心理学专业；20岁的HarrietEdge目前在曼彻斯特大学学医，她也希望有稳定的工作；她的父母没有大学学历，但她的叔叔是一