考研考博-英语-广东海洋大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东海洋大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Greaterefforttoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage（

）avoided.

问题1选项

A.istobe

B.canbe

C.willbe

D.hasbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查将来时。betodosth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；canbe能够（避免）不符合句意；hasbeen表示已经避免更不符合句意

句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。

2.单选题

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe___sightonTV.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项panic“恐慌的；没有理由的”；B选项patriotic“爱国的”；C选项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的”；D选项periodic“周期的；定期的”。句意：一场可怕的交通事故发生了；人们在电视上看到那___情景时感到很悲伤。本句表达“看到可怜的场景感到悲伤”，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenext.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,"It*sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.’’Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes."WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem/'sheexplains.’’HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses."

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat

4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

问题1选项

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents

问题2选项

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.

问题3选项

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeep

C.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

问题4选项

A.agreements

B.worries

C.disadvantages

D.quarrels

问题5选项

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一种错误的观点：孩子到了18岁就应该离家独立；有社会学家称中产阶级中这一观念有着重大的转变。由此可知，在以前的美国社会中，大多数成年的子女都会离开家庭独立生活，所以选项A符合题意。

2.文章第二段提及年轻成年人返回家的原因：结婚年龄上升；离婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及经济压力大的人重新寻求父母的庇护；去离家远的大学上学花费大，所以很多人都选择当地的大学。选项A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以选项B符合题意。

3.文章第三段提到年轻人与父母居住会造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手间，电话和隐私的争议等等，选项A符合题意。

4.hassles所在的句子：Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后问可知，这里讲述的是年轻人与父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在这里有“争论，争吵”的意思，比如关于洗手间、电话和隐私的争执。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一段指出大多数心理学家认为成年子女与父母一起生活对双方都不好：子女本来想自我独立，却被挫败；父母本应该享受经济和个人自由，却又被责任束缚。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Whenseeninthislight,thelanguagethesereportersuseismorecomplexthanit_____.

问题1选项

A.needs

B.needsto

C.needstobe

D.needstobeso

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.needs需要B.needsto需要

C.needstobe需要D.needstobeso需要这样

【考查点】比较级than的用法。

【解题思路】在than的比较状语从句中，与主句相同部分可以省略，而不同部分需要写出；在这个句子中主句是thelanguageismorecomplex（语言更加复杂），与从句共同的部分是morecomplex，所以从句需要把主谓写出来，即itneedstobe。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项不符合语法；

D选项不需要加副词so。

【句意】从这个角度看，这些记者使用的语言比需要的更加复杂。

5.单选题

Themantowhomwehandedtheformspointedoutthattheyhadnotbeen（）filledin.

问题1选项

A.consequently

B.regular

C.comprehensively

D.properly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A:consequently“因此”；B:regular“常规的”；C:comprehensively“包括地”；D:properly“恰当地；合适地”。句意：我们把表格交给那人，那人指出表格填得不合适。因此D符合题意。

6.单选题

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchestbegantotremble.Besides,hiscomplaintswerenotreallytakenseriously;whenoneofthemightyisvexatioustheappearanceofaneffortmustbemadetoplacatehim,evenwhenthecaseismosthopeless.InactualityashiftofpostswasunthinkableforPoseidon—hehadbeenappointedGodoftheSeainthebeginning,andthathehadtoremain.

Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim:howhewasalwaysridingaboutthroughthetideswithhistrident.Whenallthewhilehesathereinthedepthsoftheworld-ocean,doingfiguresuninterruptedly,withnowandthenatriptoJupiterastheonlybreakinthemonotony—atrip,moreover,fromwhichheusuallyreturnedinarage.Thushehadhardlyseenthesea—hadseenitbutquicklyinthecourseofhurriedtripstoOlympus,andhehadneveractuallytraveledaroundit.Hewasinthehabitofsayingthatwhathewaswaitingforwasthefalloftheworld;then,probably,aquietmomentwouldbegrantedinwhich,justbeforetheendandhavingcheckedthelastrowoffigures,hewouldbeabletomakeaquick,littletour.

Poseidonbecameboredwiththesea.Heletfallhistrident.Silentlyhesatontherockycoastandagull,dazedbyhispresence,describedwaveringcirclesaroundhishead.

1.Theunderlinedsentence("It…him")inthefirstparagraphsuggestthatPoseidonregardedhisworkwith().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sdescriptionofPoseidon'sroutine("how...inarage")that().

3.Accordingtothepassage,Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobprimarilystemsfrom()

4.TheauthorofthepassageportraysthegodPoseidonas().

5.PoseidonisunabletochangeoccupationsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT().

问题1选项

A.resignation

B.enthusiasm

C.hostility

D.intimidation

问题2选项

A.PoseidonprefersperforminghisdutiestovisitingJupiter

B.Poseidonistoobusytofamiliarizehimselfwithhiskingdom

C.Poseidonrequiressilencefortheperformanceofhisduties

D.Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobdetractsfromhisefficiency

问题3选项

A.theconstanttravelthatisrequiredofhim

B.thelackofseriousnesswithwhichhiscomplaintsarereceived

C.theconstantlychangingnatureofhisduties

D.other'smistakennotionsofhisroutine

问题4选项

A.adissatisfiedbureaucrat

B.apowerfulgod

C.adiscontentedvagabond

D.acapableaccountant

问题5选项

A.hisappointmentasGodoftheSeaisinherentlyunchangeable

B.hehasfallenintodisfavorwiththegodsonMountOlympus

C.hecannotimaginealifeawayfromthewater

D.nothingelsesuitshimaswellashispresentposition

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.Poseidon对他工作的态度是()。resignation放任,服从;enthusiasm热心,热忱;hostility敌对;intimidation恐吓,威胁。根据划线部分的内容可知,不能说他喜欢他的工作,他这样做只是因为这是分配给他的。所以他的态度是听之任之的,选项A正确。

2.根据划线部分的描述可知,作者是想表达Poseidon对工作的不满导致了工作效率的下降,选项D正确。

3.根据第二段的第一句"Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim..."最让他生气的是听到别人对他的意见,正是这一因素导致了他对工作的不满。选项D符合原文。

4.根据文字内容可知,作者将Poseidon描述为不满的官僚,选项A正确。其他选项均不符合原文。

5.根据第一段后半部分的内容可知,选项A.C,D均是Poseidon无法改变职业的原因,只有选项B在文中没有提及。

7.翻译题

要想在这个高速发展的社会立足，你必须学会如何处理压力问题。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如时装或者新车的奢侈品吗？如果你学会了对现有的生活满足，你也许就不会想要再找份工作或者不会在办公室度过周末。其次，定期锻炼身体有益于减压。不管你多忙，都要找时间锻炼，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你应该学会放松。如果你停下去闻闻路边的玫瑰花香，世界不会因此而停止转动。

【答案】Youhavetolearnhowtodealwithstressforpossessingafootholdinasocietywithrapiddevelopment.Firstly,youshouldreadjustdemandforlife.Doyoureallyneedluxurygoodssuchasfashionabledressandnewcar?Ifyoulearntobesatisfiedwithcurrentlife,maybeyoudonotwanttogetanotherjoborspendyourweekendsintheoffice.Next,regularexerciseisbeneficialtorelaxingthepressure.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youshouldtaketimetoexercise,preferablywithyourfamilyandchildren.Thirdly,youshouldlearntorelax.Ifyoustopyoursteptoenjoythesmellofrosesbythesideoftheroad,theworldwon’tstopturning.

8.单选题

OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（）intheSanFranciscoarea.

问题1选项

A.remarkably

B.severely

C.drastically

D.predominantly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。remarkably“显著地，惊人地”；severely“严重地，严格地”；drastically“彻底地，激烈地”；predominantly“主要地，显著地”。句意：在美国，三分之一的中国人居住在加利福尼亚，大多数主要居住在旧金山地区。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Heavysmokersaretwentytimesmorelikelytobe（

）bylungcancerthannon-smokers.

问题1选项

A.gripped

B.stricken

C.attacked

D.ravaged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grip“紧握，抓牢”；B选项strike“击打，碰撞”，指灾难或疾病的爆发；C选项attack“攻击，进攻”，指暴力性的袭击或者战争的攻击；D选项ravage“毁坏”。由lungcancer（肺癌）可知选B符合逻辑搭配。句意：烟瘾大的人患肺癌的几率是不吸烟者的20倍。

10.单选题

Awell-fundednationalorganizationwouldbeableto___moreinfluenceinParliament.

问题1选项

A.evaluate

B.perform

C.recommend

D.exert

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.evaluate评价；估价B.perform执行；完成；演奏

C.recommend推荐，介绍D.exert运用，发挥；施以影响

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意，应该是组织对国会有影响。选D.exert施以影响，符合句子逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】一个资金充足的全国性组织将能够在议会中发挥更大的影响力。

11.单选题

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshow

（

）.

4.TheattitudeoftheNepaligovernmenttowardthecircusatmosphereis

（

）.

5.AnanniversarycelebrationofthefirstconquestofEverestwascancelleddueto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Watchingtheweather.

B.Makingafinaldash.

C.Psychologicaladjustment.

D.Groupmanagement.

问题2选项

A.badgeographicalconditions

B.carelessnessoftheclimbers

C.overcrowding

D.snowstorms

问题3选项

A.theircourage

B.theirdiversity

C.theirgreatachievements

D.theircommonmotivation

问题4选项

A.indifferent

B.welcoming

C.worried

D.concerned

问题5选项

A.overcrowding

B.politicalreasons

C.thereturningoftheclimbers

D.thelackofcrowd-controlmeasure

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词importanttoclimbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather（人群控制很快就会成为珠穆朗玛峰登山者的一项关键技能，与身体素质和观察天气一样重要）可知身体素质与观察天气对登山者很重要，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句MoretraditionalmountaineerssneeratthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.（近年来，越来越多的传统登山者嘲笑珠穆朗玛峰周围的气氛，并警告说，人群正在使珠穆朗玛峰变得更加危险。过度拥挤已经造成了损失）可知C选项“过度拥挤”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”，ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.（传统主义者也担心探险队越来越倾向于创造记录并取得“第一”，而不是简单地爬山）可推测后面所举的Severalsummiteers例子是为了说明他们的动机，因此选D。

4.观点态度题。“thecircusatmosphere（马戏团气氛）”暗指“人群拥挤”。根据题干关键词Nepali定位到文章最后一段中，由NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.（尼泊尔将珠穆朗玛峰视为摇钱树；政府对探险的收费最低为7万美元。这可能就是加德满都官员忽视了过度拥挤的担忧，并谈论明年将有更多登山者到来的原因）可知尼泊尔政府将珠穆朗玛峰当作赚钱的工具，对人群过度拥挤的问题视而不见，因此A选项“漠不关心的”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词thefirstconquestofEverest定位到文章最后一段中，由Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes（但SirEdmundHillary和SherpaTenzingNorgay举行的第一次征服珠穆朗玛峰48周年纪念活动，在暴力袭击后被取消）和TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.（混乱的尼泊尔政治，似乎只是珠穆朗玛峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violentstrikes，结合本文一直提及的“人群拥挤”问题，可推测violentstrikes指的是“过度拥挤”，因此选A。

12.单选题

Viruses,infectiousparticlesconsistingofnucleicacidpackagedinaproteincoat(thecapsid),aredifficulttoresist.Unabletoreproduceoutsidealivingcell,virusesreproduceonlybysubvertingthegeneticmechanismsofahostcell.Inonekindofvirallifecycle,thevirusfirstbindstothecell’ssurface,thenpenetratesthecellandshedsitscapsid.Theexposedviralnucleicacidproducesnewvirusesfromthecontentsofthecell.Finally,thecellreleasestheviralprogeny,andanewcellcycleofinfectionbegins.

Thehumanbodyrespondstoaviralinfectionbyproducingantibodies:complex,highlyspecificproteinsthatselectivelybindtoforeignmoleculessuchasviruses.Anantibodycaneitherinterferewithavirus’sabilitybindtoacell,orcanpreventitfromreleasingitsnucleicacid.

Unfortunately,thecommoncold,producedmostoftenbyrhinoviruses,isintractabletoantiviraldefense.Humanshavedifficultyresistingcoldsbecauserhinovirusesaresodiverse,includingatleast100strains.Thestrainsdiffermostinthemolecularstructureoftheproteinsintheircapsids.Sincedisease-fightingantibodiesbindtothecapsid,anantibodydevelopedtoprotectagainst-onerhinovirusstrainisuselessagainstotherstrains.Differentantibodiesmustbeproducedforeachstrain.

Adefenseagainstrhinovirusesmightnonethelesssucceedbyexploitinghiddensimilaritiesamongtherhinovirusstrains.Forexample,mostrhinovirusstrainsbindtothesamekindofmolecule(delta-receptors)onacell’ssurfacewhentheyattackhumancells.Colonno,takingadvantageofthesecommonreceptors,devisedastrategyforblockingtheattachmentofrhinovirusestotheirappropriatereceptors.Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodythatwouldbindtoallrhinoviruses,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinovirusesfrominitiatinganinfection.Becausehumancellsnormallydonotdevelopantibodiestocomponentsoftheirowncells,Colonnoinjectedhumancellsintomice,whichdidproduceanantibodytothecommonreceptor.Inisolatedhumancells,thisantibodyprovedtobeextraordinarilyeffectiveatthwartingtherhinovirus.Moreover,whentheantibodywasgiventochimpanzees,itinhibitedrhinoviralgrowth,andinhumansitlessenedboththeseverityanddurationofcoldsymptoms.

AnotherpossibledefenseagainstrhinoviruseswasproposedbyRossman,whodescribedrhinoviruses’detailedmolecularStructure.Rossmanshowedthatproteinsequencescommontoallrhinovirusstrainslieatthebaseofadeep“canyon”scoringeachfaceoftheCapsid.Thenarrowopeningofthiscanyorpossiblypreventstherelativelylargeantibodymoleculesfrombindingtothecommonsequence,butsmallermoleculesmightreachit.Amongthesesmaller,nonantibodymolecules,somemightbindtothecommonsequence,lockthenucleicacidinitscoat,andtherebypreventthevirusfromreproducing.

54.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

55.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheproteinsequencesofthecapsidthatvarymostamongstrainsofrhinovirusarethose______.

56.Whichofthefollowingresearchstrategiesfordevelopingadefenseagainstthecommoncoldwouldtheauthorbelikelytofindmostpromising?

57.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepurposeofColonno’sexperimentswastodeterminewhether______.

问题1选项

A.discussviralmechanismsandpossiblewaysofcircumventingcertainkindsofthosemechanisms

B.challengerecentresearchonhowrhinovirusesbindtoreceptorsonthesurfacesofcells

C.suggestfutureresearchonrhinoviralgrowthinchimpanzees

D.defendacontroversialresearchprogramwhosepurposeistodiscoverthemolecularstructureofrhinoviruscapsids

问题2选项

A.atthebaseofthe“canyon”

B.outsideofthe“canyon”

C.responsibleforproducingnucleicacid

D.responsibleforpreventingtheformationofdelta-receptors

问题3选项

A.Continuingtolookforageneralantirhinoviralantibody.

B.Searchingforcommoncell-surfacereceptorsinhumansandmice.

C.Continuingtolookforsimilaritiesamongthevariousstrainsofrhinovirus.

D.Discoveringhowthehumanbodyproducesantibodiesinresponsetoarhinoviralinfection.

问题4选项

A.chimpanzeesandhumanscanbothbeinfectedbyrhinoviruses

B.chimpanzeescanproduceantibodiestohumancell-surfacereceptors

C.arhinovirus’nucleicacidmightbelockedinitsproteincoat

D.bindingantibodiestocommonreceptorscouldproduceapossibledefenseagainstrhinoviruses

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章开始先阐述的病毒的繁殖和人体的抗体反映，接着引用了鼻病毒来讨论病毒的攻击机制以及抵御这种机制的办法，故A项“讨论病毒机制和规避某些机制的可能方法”符合题意；B项“挑战最近关于鼻病毒如何与细胞表面受体结合的研究”、C项“建议对黑猩猩鼻病毒生长的未来研究”和D项“为一个旨在发现鼻病毒衣壳分子结构的有争议的研究项目辩护”都不够全面。因此，该题选择A项正确。

55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出，鼻病毒株衣壳蛋白序列差异最大的是……的那些”。根据文章最后一段中的Rossmanshowedthatproteinsequencescommontoallrhinovirusstrainslieatthebaseofadeep“canyon”scoringeachfaceoftheCapsid.（罗斯曼指出，所有鼻病毒株共有的蛋白质序列位于衣壳表面的一个深“峡谷”的底部。）可知，拥有共同的蛋白质序列的鼻病毒株都是位于衣壳表面的一个深“峡谷”的底部里，那么“峡谷”外的那些鼻病毒株则是没有共同的蛋白质序列，所以“峡谷”外的鼻病毒株的衣壳蛋白序列差异最大，故B项“‘峡谷’外”正确；A项“在‘峡谷’的底部”错误；C项“负责生产核酸”和D项“负责阻止受体的形成”并不符合题干。因此，该题选择B项正确。

56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于对普通感冒的防御，以下哪一种是作者认为可能是最有希望的方法？”。由第四段第一句Adefenseagainstrhinovirusesmightnonethelesssucceedbyexploitinghiddensimilaritiesamongtherhinovirusstrains.（尽管如此，通过利用鼻病毒株之间隐藏的相似性，对鼻病毒的防御可能会成功。）可知，C项“继续寻找各种鼻病毒株之间的相似性”正确；根据第三段中的Humanshavedifficultyresistingcoldsbecauserhinovirusesaresodiverse,includingatleast100strains…Sincedisease-fightingantibodiesbindtothecapsid,anantibodydevelopedtoprotectagainst-onerhinovirusstrainisuselessagainstotherstrains.Differentantibodiesmustbeproducedforeachstrain.（人类很难抵抗感冒，因为鼻病毒种类繁多，至少有100种……由于抗病抗体与衣壳结合，一种用于对抗一种鼻病毒株的抗体对其他病毒株无效。每个毒株必须产生不同的抗体。）可知，鼻病毒种类很多，只寻找一般的抗鼻病毒抗体是难以对抗感冒的，A项“继续寻找一般的抗鼻病毒抗体”错误；B项“寻找人类和小鼠中常见的细胞表面受体”，只是Colonno设计的一个防止鼻病毒引发感染的一个实验过程，该项不选；D项“发现人体如何产生抗体以应对鼻病毒感染”文中没有提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出，Colonno实验的目的是确定是否……”。根据第四段中的Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodythatwouldbindtoallrhinoviruses,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinovirusesfrominitiatinganinfection.（科洛诺不是徒劳地寻找一种能与所有鼻病毒结合的抗体，而是意识到一种与人类细胞的普通受体结合的抗体可以防止鼻病毒引发感染。）可推断，Colonno实验的目的是确定与人类细胞的普通受体结合的抗体是否可以防止鼻病毒引发感染，D项“与普通受体结合的抗体可能产生一种对抗鼻病毒的防御”正确；A项“黑猩猩和人类都可以被鼻病毒感染”只是实验的过程，并不是目的；B项“黑猩猩能产生对人类细胞表面受体的抗体”，根据第四段对该实验的描述Becausehumancellsnormallydonotdevelopantibodiestocomponentsoftheirowncells,Colonnoinjectedhumancellsintomice,whichdidproduceanantibodytothecommonreceptor.（由于人类细胞通常不会产生针对自身细胞成分的抗体，Colonno将人类细胞注射到小鼠体内，小鼠确实产生了针对共同受体的抗体。），可知产生对人类细胞表面受体的抗体是小老鼠，而黑猩猩只是被注射了小鼠产生的抗体，该项错误；C项“鼻病毒的核酸可能被锁在它的蛋白质外壳中”并不是Colonno的实验。因此，该题选择D项正确。

13.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvan