考研考博-英语-吉林电子信息职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林电子信息职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.

Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”

1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat（）.

2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985

B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous

C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem

D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers

问题2选项

A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant

B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant

C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant

D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit

问题3选项

A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.

B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.

C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful

D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.

问题4选项

A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody

B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson

C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums

D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals

问题5选项

A.industryowners

B.plasticsurgeons

C.humorists

D.officers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”，可知已经有超过2000起投诉，特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉——尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段，“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”，可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例，下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”，可知自从1974年一种名为DaikonSheild的避孕设备被撤市以来，这一消息在美国女性中引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌，这一表达复符合文意，选项A可排除。也可判断出DaikonSheild是一个品牌名称，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”，可知大约有200万女性做手术，因为她们想变得更美丽，选项C可排除。根据排除法，选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”，可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术，这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”，可知一位资深整形外科医生说，他有一份同伴名单……，可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生，peer意思为同伴，同等的人。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

问题2选项

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

问题3选项

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

问题4选项

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

问题5选项

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要点？’文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站：一个独特的观测站，用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以，这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘跨南极山脉的东西有何不同？’根据文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”，美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘如果南极西部冰盾消失，结果会是什么？’根据文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南极西部冰盖消失，大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘关于干河谷，下列哪个是真的？’根据文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科学家认为，它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章最适合的标题是？’文章谈论南极洲科研考察的重要性，以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题，所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。

3.单选题

From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.

问题1选项

A.thereby

B.when

C.during

D.whereas

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析。thereby“从而，因此”；when“当......的时候”；during“在......期间”；whereas“然而，鉴于”。句意：从1947年到1950年抽象表达完全成熟，在20世纪50年代期间，这种风格在纽约市的艺术舞台中占据主导地位。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Mr.Goresaystheincreasing（）ofbushfiresinAustraliaisanexampleofhowquicklytheclimateischanging.

问题1选项

A.viciousness

B.ferocity

C.maliciousness

D.malevolence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项viciousness“邪恶，恶意”；B选项ferocity“凶猛，残忍”；C选项maliciousness“恶意”；D选项malevolence“怨恨，狠毒”。句意：戈尔说，澳大利亚越发肆虐的丛林大火是气候变化速度之快的例证之一。这里是指火势很猛，所以选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

By1817theUnitedStatesConfesshad_______allinternaltaxesandwasrelyingontariffsonimportedgoodstoprovidesufficientrevenuestorunthegovernment.

问题1选项

A.allocated

B.distributed

C.eliminated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】allocated分配;distributed分发;eliminated忽略,除去;collected收集。句意：到1817年,美国承认取消了所有的国内税收,运行政府依靠进口商品的关税来提供足够的收入。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

问题1选项

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过提倡……改变，他们认为可以保持消费者的低成本状态。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，彻底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根据后面的“消费者的低成本状态”可知前面的改变是“适度的”，即划线单词的意思是“适度的；合理的”。因此选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

问题1选项

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在if虚拟条件句中，如果是对过去情况的虚拟，则条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have+动词过去分词形式。如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，则可以将if省略，将这几个词提到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗杀，那么联邦政府可能就已经被推翻了。故本题正确答案为D。

8.单选题

（

）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

问题1选项

A.Excessive

B.Extensive

C.Extreme

D.Exclusive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今，随着工农业快速发展水的消耗很大。

形容词辨析。Excessive过多的，过分的;Extensive广泛的，大量的;Extreme极端的;exclusive独有的，排外的。因此B符合句意。

9.填空题

Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.

【答案】1.agreeing改为agreed

2.words改为these/thosewords

3.in改为at

4.enables改为enable

5.style改为styles

6.old改为older

7.seen改为understood

8.删除it

9.And改为However

10.moststriking改为themoststriking

【解析】1.语法题。根据句子结构可知，agreeing作前置定语修饰conventions，agree和conventions之间存在被动关系，所以要用agree的过去分词形式agreed“一致的，同意的”。Agreedconventions“一致的惯例”。

2.语法题。根据上文的astoreofwords，可知下文再次提及words，应该添加指示代词表特指。又因为words为复数，所以选用指示代词these或者those。

3.固定搭配。根据固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，所以inhisdisposal介词搭配错误。

4.语法题。根据句子结构，可知which引导的定语从句，先行词为avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules，为复数，所以定语从句中的谓语动词不能用第三人称单数形式。

5.语法题。根据avarietyof“各种各样的”，用来修饰名词的复数形式。这里要用名词style的复数形式。

6.语法题。根据句意，“特别是他的词汇量，无论是经常使用的还是他认识的，随着年龄的增长，由于教育和使用经验，词汇量也会增加”。可知这里的old应该用比较级的形式。

7.上下文语义。根据句意“除非他能够运用一种能够被语言社区中的其他成员所理解的表达方式”，所以这里要表达的意思是“理解”，而不是seen“被看到”。

8.固定搭配。根据固定搭配takesth.forgranted“认为某事是理所当然的”。根据下文提到的thetwomostcommonformsoftransmission“两种最常见的交流方式”，可知文章要表达的意思是“认为这两种最常见的交流方式是理所当然的”，所以这里的it为多余的代词。

9.上下文逻辑关系。上文提到Wetakeforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission，“我们认为这两种最常见的交流方式是理所当然的”，下文提到theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements,“这是人类最显著的成就之一”。可知前后两句存在转折关系，而不是并列关系。所以并列连词误用，应改为转折连词。

10.语法题。文中moststriking应该要表达的意思为“最显著的”，为形容词的最高级形式。形容词的最高级前面应该加上定冠词the，为英语的习惯用法和表达。

10.翻译题

美国人民非常钦佩中国几千年来在人类文化、宗教、哲学、艺术、科学和技术等领域做出的贡献。我们铭记着第二次世界大战期间两国的牢固伙伴关系。现在我们看到中国处在这样一个历史时刻：你们目前气势磅礴的改革和更加美好的未来是可以和辉煌的往昔相提并论的。仅仅三十年前，中国基本上与世隔绝，现在中国参加了从航空领域到农业领域的一千多个国际组织，影响遍及国家的各个领域。你们已经较大地开放了贸易和投资领域。今天有四万年轻的中国学生在美国学习，另外还有几十万人在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和拉丁美洲学习。

你们在经济和社会的改变过程中表现十分突出，你们从封闭的、指令性的经济体制过渡到蓬勃发展的、依靠市场力量的经济体制。近20年来，这种经济取得前所未有的增长。人们有更多的自由在国内外旅行；人们可以选举自己的村长；可以拥有自己的房子；可以选择自己的职业和上更好的学校。这样，你们使上亿人民脱贫，人均收入在过去十年里翻了一番多，今天中国人民所过的生活是他们过去二十年来根本想象不到的。

当然这些变化也打乱了一成不变的生活工作方式，也给环境造成极大的负担。过去，每一个城市公民都保证在国有企业有份工作，现在必须竞争。过去，工人只需要满足中央计划安排的要求。现在进入全球经济时代，这意味着你们必须和全世界的质量和创造性相竞争。

在短期内，那些有能力的勤劳的人，至少有一部分也将会失业。正如你们所看到的，过去的20年的发展模式和能源使用模式，使中国在环境、经济、保健方面付出了巨大的代价：空气污染、树木减少、酸雨、水资源短缺。面对这些挑战，必须制定新的培训和社会保障制度体系。引进新的环保政策和技术，一方面使经济增长，另一方面改善环境。

【答案】TheAmericanpeoplegreatlyadmireChina’scontributionsoverthousandsofyearsinthefieldsofhumanculture,religion,philosophy,art,scienceandtechnology.WerememberthestrongpartnershipbetweenourtwocountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.NowweseeChinaatamomentinhistorywhenthemomentumofyourcurrentreformsandthepromiseofabrighterfuturecanbecomparedtothegloryofyourpast.Virtuallyisolatedjustthreedecadesago,Chinaisnowamemberofmorethanathousandinternationalorganizations,fromaviationtoagriculture,affectingeverysectorofthecountry.Youhaveopenedupyourtradeandinvestmentsectorsconsiderably.Today,40,000youngChinesestudentsstudyintheUnitedStates,andhundredsofthousandsmoreinAsia,Africa,EuropeandLatinAmerica.

Youhavedistinguishedyourselvesintheprocessofeconomicandsocialchange,fromaclosed,prescriptiveeconomytoonethatthrivesonmarketforces.Fornearlytwodecades,thiseconomyhasachievedunprecedentedgrowth.Peoplehavemorefreedomtotravelwithinandoutsidethecountry;Peoplecanelecttheirownvillageleaders;Youcanownyourownhome;Youcanchooseyourowncareerandgotobetterschools.Asaresult,youhaveliftedhundredsofmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty,andpercapitaincomehasmorethandoubledinthelast10years.TheChinesepeopletodayarelivinglivestheycouldneverhaveimaginedinthelast20years.

Ofcourse,thesechangeshavedisruptedtheunchangingwayoflifeandworkandcausedagreatburdentotheenvironment.Inthepast,everycitycitizenwasguaranteedajobinastate-ownedenterprise;nowtheymustcompete.Inthepast,workersonlyhadtomeettherequirementsofcentralplanningarrangements.It’saglobaleconomy,andthatmeansyouhavetocompetewithqualityandcreativityallovertheworld.

Intheshortterm,atleastsomeofthosewhoareableandindustriouswillalsobeoutofwork.Asyoucansee,thepatternofdevelopmentandthepatternofenergyuseoverthelast20yearshastakenahugetollonChina’senvironment,economy,andhealth:airpollution,fewertrees,acidrain,watershortages.Facingthesechallenges,newsystemsoftrainingandsocialprotectionmustbedeveloped.Theintroductionofnewenvironmentalpoliciesandtechnologies,ontheonehand,willenableeconomicgrowth,andontheotherhand,improvetheenvironment.

11.单选题

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepacking-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880sandtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeareinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers——thegiantyardsandtheintricateplants----thanoftheunityandvibrancy(活跃)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedbyChicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（）.

问题1选项

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenationallabormovement

问题2选项

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.socialworkers

C.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

问题3选项

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

问题4选项

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

C.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

问题5选项

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要时期的事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分)以及第三段指出:Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations(作者对肉类加工商对其工业区的感受的起源的误解，可能是历史错误概括的原因)。因此该文章主要讨论“为何有关芝加哥肉类加工业情况的叙述是错误的”。

2.细节事实题。题干问:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉类包装行业负面状况的内容，除了…。A:来自芝加哥大学的资料,第二段指出:AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(来自芝加哥大学的附加资料表明肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社会工作者,由第二段中“whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked(与此同吋，社会工作者发现大多数工人收入非常差且工作过度)”可知B正确。C:肉类加工业的近代史,第一段指出:Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦),因此C项错误。D:第二段指出:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资