考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.EvenwithineachnationalitytherearevariationsintermsofEnglishlanguageskillsandfinancialwell-being.Indeed,itisestimatedthatover50percentofallAsianAmericansovertheageof5donotspeakEnglishfluentlyandmanyare“linguisticallyisolated”insofarastheyliveinhomeswherenoadultsspeakanyEnglish.

【答案】【参考译文】亚裔美国人。在美国的亚洲人包括很多民族：印度人、中国人、菲律宾人、日本人、韩国人、越南人和其他民族。亚裔美国人一直被视为是最新的“热门族裔市场”。人口统计数据支持这一乐观前景。截止2000年，大约有1100万亚洲人生活在美国。美国人口普查局预计，到2025年，将会有近2200万亚洲人居住在这里。虽然240万中国人是生活在美国的最大亚洲人群体，但亚裔印度人在1990年到2000年的十年间增长最快，人数翻了一番，现在总计达到170万。

与美国社会的其他阶层相比，亚裔美国人平均受教育程度更高，收入更高，占据着更有声望的职位。亚裔美国人的中等家庭收入在最近的一年为4.67万美元，而相比之下的白人、西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人中等家庭的收入分别为4.06万美元、3.03万美元和2.59万美元。

需要强调的是，正如没有单一的黑人或西班牙裔市场，当然不存在一个单一的亚裔市场。此外，与其他民族不同，比如拥有类似语言的西班牙裔民族，亚裔美国人讲着各种独特不同的语言。亚裔各民族之间在产品选择和品牌偏好上存在相当大的差异。甚至在每个民族中，在英语语言技能和财务状况方面也有不同。据估计，所有5岁以上的亚裔美国人中实际有50%以上的人不能流利地讲英语，并且还有很多人是“语言上被孤立”，因为他们生活的家庭中没有人讲英语。

2.翻译题

40.地球快速变暖到了非常严峻的程度，而世界上最贫穷的国家成了极端气候的最大受害者。未来的气候变化可能带来更频繁和更严重的洪涝、旱灾和其他极端气候事件，发展中国家至今还没有良好的能力对付它们。

41.即使现在，地球上最贫穷的十亿人口所产生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十亿人口占了全球排放的50%。全球还有16亿人口无法获得现代能源，没有能源，国家就不能繁荣。富国只有采取强有力的行动以腾出一些大气层的“污染空间”，当低收入国家在将来开始更多排放时，才可能使全球排放达到重新平衡。

42.未来十年发生的事情将深刻影响可供我们后代进行的选择。延迟或不采取行动的代价是非常高的，我们必须现在就行动，必须用全人类的聪明才智和合作精神，来对付气候危机。

43.虽然越来越多的人都知道气候变暖，相信需要采取行动，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在机会面前并没有采取行动。所以，最大的挑战在于改变行为方式和制度，尤其是富国。

【答案】40.Theplanetiswarmingrapidlytoseverelevels,andtheworld’spoorestcountriesarethebiggestvictimsofextremeweather.Futureclimatechangeislikelytobringmorefrequentandseverefloods,droughtsandotherextremeweathereventsthatdevelopingcountriesarenotyetwellequippedtodealwith.

41.Evennow,thepoorestbillionpeopleontheplanetaccountforonly3%ofglobalemissions,whiletherichestbillionpeopleaccountfor50%.Andtherearestill1.6billionpeopleintheworldwhodonothaveaccesstomodernenergy.Acountrycannotprosperwithoutenergy.Rebalancingglobalemissionswillbepossibleonlyifrichcountriestakestrongactiontofreeupsomeatmospheric“pollutionspace”,thuslow-incomecountriesstarttoemitmoreinthefuture.

42.Whathappensinthenextdecadewillprofoundlyaffectthechoicesavailabletofuturegenerations.Thecostsofdelayorinactionaretoohigh,andwemustactnowtotackletheclimatecrisiswiththeingenuityandcooperationofallhumanity.

43.Althoughagrowingnumberofpeopleareawareofglobalwarmingandbelievethatactionisneeded,fewputitfirst,andtoomanypeopledonottakeactioninthefaceofopportunity.Sothebiggestchallengeisaboutchangingbehaviorandsystem,especiallyinrichcountries.

3.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption“消费，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：从固体变成液体，水要吸收周围所有物体的热量，这种吸收会导致周围环境变冷。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Alltheseprojectsrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan______throughtaxesalonetoday.

问题1选项

A.israised

B.beingraised

C.toberaised

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。than为介词，后面要用-ing形式，故A项排除；因为税收是被征收，故D项排除；通过today可知，不含有将来之意，C项排除；句意：如果需要他们为我们服务，所有这些项目都需要对新设备和新的发展做出连续不断的支出，比要多于今天单独通过税收得来的资金。故正确答案为B。

5.单选题

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of

1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.

问题1选项

A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

问题2选项

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

问题3选项

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

问题5选项

A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles

C.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

D.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句话AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科学家们说一个新的爱因斯坦将会出现。但是需要很长一段时间”，根据这句话可知选项D符合题意。

2.文章第五段提到了爱因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年时期他时常阅读卡特、叔本华、斯宾诺莎这些哲学家的作品。这些作品教会了他如何独立以及抽象地去思考时间与空间。由此可推知爱因斯坦“独立以及抽象的思维”是他成功的关键。所以选项B符合题意。

3.文章第八段提到Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepracticalandrewarding—efforts.今天的物理学家们很多都去华尔街和硅谷，把他们的分析能力运用到了实践，并且不断努力来获得（经济）回报。选项D符合题意。

4.文章最后一段提到如果我们收到像爱因斯坦那样纸上都是演算公式，没有脚注，没有参考文献的科学论文(getpaperslikethose)，我们会把这些直接放到垃圾邮件里（junkfile）。由此可以推知，BrianGreene是在暗示现在的学术环境——人们不会接受看似非常荒唐的想法。选项D符合题意。

5.文章倒数第三段“byavirtualunkown”,指的是当时的爱因斯坦还默默无闻，选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。

7.单选题

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

问题1选项

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。subject“使……隶属；使屈从于……”；adjust“调整，使……适合”；devote“致力于；奉献”；entitle“定名为……；使……有权利”。根据后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推测空格处应该填入一个带有贬义的词，besubjectto是一个固定词组，意思是“遭受”，选项A符合题意。句意：每个被采访的人都遭遇过不公平的对待。

8.单选题

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这两个国家多年来保持着友好关系。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain维持(生命、生存),使稳定持续,遭受;maintain维持,保持,维修;remain仍然是,保持不变,剩余,遗留,续存在。因此C符合句意。

9.单选题

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

问题1选项

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们每个人都与我们所生活的社会分享着大量的词汇以及约定的惯例，……这些词汇排列组合起来后可以表达特定意义。后半句是对前半句中约定的惯例进一步解释，因此只有C选项“至于这种惯例（方式）”可将前后衔接起来。

10.翻译题

MacroeconomicPolicy

IftheGreatDepressionsparkedtheformulizationofmacroeconomicpolicy,thecurrentGlobalFinancialAndEconomicCrisisiswritingthenextchapterHadtherebeenapolicyinventoryfortheGreatDepression,providingtheopportunitytoobservetherangeofpoliciesfollowed,therangeofcountriesimplementingthesepolicies,andtherangeoftheimpact,formalizationoflessonslearnedintheformofmacroeconomictheorywouldhavetokenplacemoreeasilyandmoreconsistentlybybeingabletoseethelargerpicture.Thisthenshouldbethemodestgoalofpolicyinventory——totrytocapturethewhole,theglobalmacropracticesacross77countries,toaidformalizationofmacroeconomicpracticeandtheory.Whatisnotcoveredadequatelybythepolicyinventoryatthemacrolevelisimpact,forwhichamoredetailedfollow-upstudyisrecommended.

Asaresultoftheneedforatrulyglobalviewoftheproblem,thissurveyhasobservedtheentiresampleofcountries,dividingthesampleintotwocategories:high-incomecountries,andlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Threeparticularityimportantfactorsinthepolicyinventorycanbeusedtoanalyzethepolicyresponsesutilizedduringthecrisisyears.

【答案】宏观经济政策

如果大萧条引发了宏观经济政策的制定，那么在存在一个库存策略的前提下，目前的全球金融和经济危机将会使大萧条进入一个新的阶段，使我们能够有机会观察由此带来的政策相关的范围，包括国家实施这些政策的范围和影响范围，由于能够看到更宏观的蓝图，在宏观经济理论中学到的形式的经验教训将更容易，更一致的发生。这应该是政策库存的适度目标，试图掌握77个国家的全球宏观实践，以帮助宏观经济实践和理论的形式化。在宏观层面上，政策库存的影响没有充分覆盖，对于这种影响，后续有一个更详细的研究建议。

由于需要真正全面地看待这一问题，这项调查观察了整个国家的样本，将样本分为两类：高收入国家和中低收入国家。库存策略中的三个特别重要的因素可以用来分析危机期间的政策反应。

11.单选题

Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree_____sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.

问题1选项

A.thanwhat

B.that

C.morethan

D.thanthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查比较级的规则。根据句中的more，肯定要有than，根据相比较对象一致的原则，本题是thatsheshouldbefree与thatsheshouldlivealuxuriouslife之间相比较的句子，所以选项D为正确答案。

12.单选题

Geysershaveoftenbeencomparedtovolcanoes______theybothemithotliquidsformbelowtheEarth’ssurface.

问题1选项

A.dueto

B.became

C.inspiteof

D.regardlessof

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子逻辑。从句子的意思可以知道，前后成分是结果与原因的关系，所以我们需要选择一个表示原因的连接词，A项dueto“由于”，后面接表示原因的名词性成分；B项become“变成”，不符合逻辑；C项inspiteof“尽管”表示让步；D项regardlessof“不管”表示条件；这里题干其实省略了一个that。句意：间歇泉经常被比作火山，因为它们都释放出地表下的热液体。因此，该题正确答案为A。

13.单选题

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

问题1选项

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪费,慷慨给予;extravert使思想外倾;impose征税,强加;vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.

—She_____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.

问题1选项

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。A项“不能”；B项“禁止”；C项“不必”；D项“不应该”。句意：露西不介意把她的词典借给你。不必了，我已经借到了一本。只有C项符合。

15.单选题

Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.Thetraditionalintentofacraftlikeceramicsistoserveautilitarianfunctionanditsabilitytoactinthiscapacityisessentiallydependentupontheskillofproperlyshapingavesseltocorrespondtoitstask,soneitheritsexactmannerofconstruction(byhandorwheel,coilorslab)northesignificanceofimageryglazedonitssurfacechangesitsprimaryrole“tocontain”,thoughitmayaddtoitsvalue.Whileceramicistsmustthinkandconstructartaccordingtocertainpatternsofutilitarianform,followingaprototypalmodelthatrelatestotheartwork’spurpose,finearthasnosuchrequirement.

Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.AnexaminationofthisapparentinconsistencyrevealsboththeGreek’shighregardforaestheticsandtheexplanationthatfineartistsusuallycreatedthepaintingsonthevasesmadebypotters.ThoughGreekvasepaintingdiffersgreatlyfromtheworkofmodernartistPabloPicasso,hetoopaintedonceramicobjectsmadebyothers.Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms,itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.

Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.Frequently,artthatservesadecorativefunctionisconfusedwithbothutilitarianandfineartbecauseofitssimilarappearance,butthefunctionofdecorativeartistheformitself,itisnotcompelledtofulfilleitherautilitariantaskoraddressconceptsthatexemplifyitshistoricperiod.Communicationwouldappearredundantiffineartists,likeutilitariananddecorativeartists,weretoproduceunlimitednumbersofthesameobject.Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.Therefore,archaeologistsshouldbeawarethatanartifactproducedinanywaybyformulaisnotfineart.Thefineartist’sprocessiscontinuousfromthemomentofconceptionuntilapieceiscomplete,andthuseverythingisthoughtofintermsofcontext,sothat,asageneralguide,archaeologistsshouldconsidernomarkwithinaworkunimportantandonlydefineitsmeaninginrelationtothewholepiece.

36.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,the"earliervases"mentionedinthesecondparagraphconstitutewhichofthefollowing?

38.Accordingtothepassage,theformwhichfinearttakesatanygivenhistoricalmomentisoftendictatedby（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'sviewoftheargumentthatfineartmaybedistinguishedasacategorybyitsphysicalform?

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfineartsproductionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.distinguishingmutuallyexclusivecategories

B.clarifyinganapparentcontradiction

C.supportingnewideas

D.analyzingaproblem

问题2选项

A.Theproductofmixedmediaart,involvinghybridforms.

B.Acaseofprimarilyutilitarianartbeingputtodecorativepurposes.

C.Utilitarianartwhosemakersweresolelyconcernedwithfunctionality.

D.Fineart,whoseprimarypurposeistoconveyaestheticmeaning.

问题3选项

A.thelevelofcontinuityintheartist’sthinkingprocess

B.theconceptswhichexemplifythehistoricalperiodofitscreation

C.thetechnologyavailabletotheartistatthetimetheartpieceiscreated

D.thelevelofskillwhichtheartistbringstotheartwork

问题4选项

A.Outrightapproval.

B.Skepticism.

C.Neutrality.

D.Indignation.

问题5选项

A.Thebestfineartisinsomecasesproducedbyformula,resultinginmassquantitiesofasingleobject.

B.Onceanartistcreatesawork,thereisusuallylittlebenefitinhisduplicatingit,asithasalreadyconveyeditsmeaning.

C.Inaestheticterms,fineartisoftenconsideredsuperiortodecorativeart,whosebeautyislimitedbyfunctionality.

D.Atthepresenthistoricalmoment,hightechnologylikeelectronicsseldomplaysaroleinartsotherthanfinearts.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】36.主旨大意。原文第一段第一句提到Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.（为了便于进入美术思维，避免在基本方面被误导，考古学家必须理解定义和管理每一个艺术类别的原则，无论是实用主义的、精细的还是装饰性的。），说明作者在分析一个问题。从而得出本题答案。

37.细节推断。根据题干“earliervases”定位到原文第二段第一句Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.（优秀的艺术家经常使用混合或新媒介的作品，以希腊古时期的花瓶为例，这是早期花瓶范式的一种反常，因为后期的花瓶不仅具有“容纳”的作用，而且还具有传达思想的作用。）分析第一句可知earliervases指代前文的“mixedornewmedia”,从而得出本题答案。

38.细节推理题。根据题干关键词“fineart”定位到原文第二段最后一句Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms，itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.（对比古代美术形式，如绘画、石雕或金属雕塑，与当代美术形式，如计算机艺术、视频图像和全息图，可以看到，随着文化的技术转变，其变化可见于美术的结构形式。）根据信息点“technology”,“visible”“thestructuralforms”即可得出本题答案。

39.

观点态度题。通读全文，根据原文作者论述的语调和原文最后一段第一句Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.（同时，艺术的变化表明其职责反映和创造新的文化的认知，但形式本身是不足以对象为艺术类别进行分类。）中“insufficient”可知作者的态度是skepticism，从而得出本题答案。

40.细节归纳题。根据原文最后一段第四句Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.（一旦一个想法被文化所吸收，就没有必要再去讨论它，除非艺术家们能更清晰地定义或重新定义它。）中的信息点“anideaisassimilated,nolongeraneed”“clearlydefiningorredefiningit”，即可得出本题答案。

16.填空题

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,（1）teacherwasfemale(thisincluded

（2）theoneswhocoachedourfootball),butstartinginmyseventhyearofschoolIhadoccasional（3）instructorstoo.

【答案】1.every

2.even

3.male

【解析】1.语义题。Every每一个。

2.逻辑衔接。此句表示让步,因此用even。

3.语义题。Male男性的。

17.单选题

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

问题1选项

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项concession“让步，妥协”；B选项submission“屈服，投降，归顺”；C选项transmission“传递，传播”；D选项recession“经济衰退，经济萎缩”。由whether...or...（是……还是……）可知空格处与boom（繁荣）所表示的意思相反，因此选D。句意：很难判断我们将迎来经济的繁荣还是衰退。

18.单选题

Cancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir（

）proteins.

问题1选项

A.abundant

B.malignant

C.equivalent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.abundant丰富的；充裕的B.malignant恶性的；有害的

C.equivalent相等的；等价的D.prevalent普遍的；流行的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】癌细胞隐藏在健康细胞中以隐藏……蛋白质。根据逻辑，癌细胞是隐藏有害的、已经恶性的蛋白质。所以B选项“恶性的；有害的”符合逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合逻辑。

【句意】癌细胞隐藏在健康细胞中，以隐藏它们的恶性蛋白质。

19.翻译题

Ishallmentiontwoorthreemattersinwhichtheneedforcooperationbetweenphilosophyandscienceisespeciallyintimate.

Sincescientificmethoddependsuponfirst-handexperimentalcontrolledexperiences,anyphilosophicapplicationofthescientificpointofviewwillemphasizetheneedofsuchexperiencesintheschool,asoveragainstmereacquisitionofready-madeinformationthatissuppliedinisolationfromthestudents’ownexperience.Sofar,itwillbeinlinewithwhatiscalledthe“progressive”movementineducation.Butitwillbeaninfluenceincounteractinganytendenciesthatmayexistinprogressiveeducationtoslighttheimportanceofcontinuityintheexperiencesthatarehadandtheimportanceoforganization.Unlessthescienceofeducationonitsowngroundandbehalfemphasizessubject-matterswhichcontainwithinthemselvesthepromiseandpowerofcontinuousgrowthinthedirectionoforganization,itisfalsetoitsownpositionasscientific.Incooperationwithaphilosophyofeducation,itcanlendinvaluableaidinseeingtoitthatthechosensubject-mattersarealsosuchthattheyprogressivelydeveloptowardformationofattitudesofunderstandingtheworldinwhichstudentsandteachersliveandtowardformingtheattitudesofpurpose,desireandactionwhichwillmakepupilseffectiveindealingwithsocialconditions.

Anotherpointofcommoninterestconcernstheplaceintheschoolsofthesciences,especiallytheplaceofthehabitswhichformscientificattitudesandmethods.Thescienceshadtobattleagainstpowerfulenemiestoobtainrecognitioninthecurriculum.Inaformalsense,thebattlehasbeenwon,butnotyetinasubstantialsense.Forscientificsubject-matterisstillmoreorlessisolatedasaspecialbodyoffactsandtruths.

Thefullvictorywillnotbewonuntileverysubjectandlessonistaughtinconnectionwithitsbearinguponcreationandgrowthofthekindofpowerofobservation,inquiry,reflectionandtestingthataretheheartofscientificintelligence.Experimentalphilosophyisatonewiththegenuinespiritofascientificattitudeintheendeavortoobtainforscientificmethodthiscentralplaceineducation.

Finally,thescienceandphilosophyofeducationcanandshouldworktogetherinovercomingthesplitbetweenknowledgeandaction,betweentheoryandpractice,whichnowaffectsbotheducationandsocietysoseriouslyandharmfully.Indeed,it