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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-咸阳师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hishealth(

)allthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.

问题1选项

A.failed

B.hasfailed

C.wasfailed

D.isfailing

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意:如果你不小心点,他可能会连家务都做不了。从从句的时态来看,if引导的是真实的条件句,根据主将从现的原则,从句用的是一般现在时,所以整个句子指的是对将来的一种假设,所以主句要用将来时,所以答案选D,用现在进行时表将来。

2.单选题

Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon'tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions?

ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.

HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:

Betterhiringpractices

Companiesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,”saysPedroDomingo,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowthequestfortheUltimatelearningMachineWillReambeOurWorldandacomputerscience1.(

)Onecompanythat'sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.

Moreeffectivemarketing

SomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.2.(

)Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.

Savingcustomersmoney

EnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironmentCompaniescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.“Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,”saysDomingos,3.(

Improvedaccuracy

“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatisticswhichmakesdatamorevaluable,“saysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”4.(

Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure

Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it’sveryexpensive,”saysDomingo's.“5."(

).”

问题1选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题2选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题3选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题4选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题5选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou'redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn'thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit'susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We'realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

【答案】第1题:G

第2题:C

第3题:E

第4题:B

第5题:D

3.单选题

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项onthegroundof“因为”;B选项onthetopof“除……之外;在……之上”;C选项inthelightof“鉴于”;D选项onthevergeof“接近于,濒临于”。句意:到春秋末年,奴隶社会已______处于解体。根据语境,这里指奴隶社会快要解体了,所以onthevergeof“接近于,濒临于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Mr.TunickfiledsuitagainsttheNewYorkpolicedepartmentaftercityofficials____hisrequest.

问题1选项

A.turneddown

B.turnedin

C.turnedoff

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.turneddown拒绝A.turnedin上床睡觉;上交,提交

C.turnedoff关闭;失去兴趣;离开D.turnedout结果是

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】原文空格处的主语为“纽约市官员”宾语为“他的请求”,并且在这件事发生之后,“Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼”,由此推断,Tunick因为请求被拒绝,所以对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼,A选项turneddown“拒绝”符合语义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项turnedin“上床睡觉;上交,提交”,语义不符;

C选项turnedoff“关闭;失去兴趣;离开(道路)”,语义不符;

D选项turnedout“结果是”,语义不符。

【句意】在纽约市官员拒绝他的请求后,Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.

Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.

【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦,虽满是痛楚,但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物,当其永逝,方才幡然大悟。

青春的逝去令人百般不舍,目睹其渐行渐远,难免触目伤怀,悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现,时光倒流,却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。

6.单选题

TheAmericanRevolution1775-1783,wasastrugglebywhichthethirteencoloniesthatweretobecometheUnitedStateswonindependencefromBritain.Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry.TheBritishGovernmenttriedtoregulatecolonialcommerceintheBritishinterest,andprovokedcolonialopposition.ThecolonistsconvenedtheContinentalCongressandpetitionedthekingforredressoftheirgrievances.In1774BritainrespondedwiththecoerciveIntolerableActs.FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonandConcord.TheContinentalCongressappointedGeorgeWashingtontocommandtheContinentalArmyandonJuly4,1776.adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists.Thesurrender.October1781,ofGeneralCornwallisendedthefightingandtheTreatyofParis(1783)recognizedtheU.S.asanation.

TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange.Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereusheredin,buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.

America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.

Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandparliament.

1.TheAmericanRevolutionbrokeoutmainlyasaresultofconflictsbetweenthethirteencoloniesandBritainin(

).

2.Theword"coercive"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto(

).

3.WhichofthefollowingelementsdirectlycontributedtothevictoriousconclusionoftheAmericanRevolution?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheloyalistswhoescapedtoCanadawere(

). 

5.Whatwilltheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ideologicaltrends

B.lifestyles

C.culturaldifferences

D.economicinterests

问题2选项

A.compellingbyforce

B.compensatingtheloss

C.comingtotermsbynegotiation

D.reconcilingbyacompromise

问题3选项

A.TheLexingtonCampaign.

B.TheContinentalCongress.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependence.

D.TheFrenchAmericanalliance.

问题4选项

A.Russian

B.French

C.British

D.Australian

问题5选项

A.ThetransportofprisonerstoAustralia.

B.Thecreationofnewstategovernments.

C.EventsleadinguptotheAmericanRevolution.

D.HowCanadaandtheUnitedStatesbecamefriends.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世纪中叶,殖民地和母国之间在生活、思想,尤其是经济利益方面形成了差异(Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry),由此可知,殖民地与母国发生冲突最大的原因是因为经济利益。选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。根据FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonConcord,战争爆发是由于母国的武力强制,因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到萨拉托大捷帮助建立了法美联盟,为殖民地人民带来了至关重要的援助(ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists),因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章第三段提到加拿大的第一大批讲英语的流入人口来自于成千上万英王的效忠者,这些人从美国逃到了加拿大(OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates),可知这些逃到加拿大的人是英国王室的效忠者,所以选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“接下来的一段最可能讨论什么问题?”最后讲述了政治的颠覆并不像人们想象的那样具有革命性。以一些州为例,战争在很大程度上认可了已经存在的殖民自治,英国官员被地方统治阶级代替。选项B“新的州政府的建立”与最后一段关系密切,符合题意。

7.单选题

Youhavethe()ofworkinghardandbeingsuccessfulorofnotworkinghardandbeingunsuccessful.

问题1选项

A.selection

B.choice

C.alternative

D.option

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项selection“选择,挑选”,强调挑选的过程;B选项choice“选择权,精选品”,强调选择的行为或可能性;C选项alternative“共替代的选择”,强调二选一,后面一般接介词to;D选项option“选项,选择权”,强调的是摆在我们面前可供选择的不同事物或办法。根据句意:你可以选择努力工作获得成功,或者不努力工作而不成功。这里是指摆在我们面前可供选择的不同事物或办法,所以选项D正确。

8.单选题

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby(

).

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

).

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

).

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

).

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince(

).

问题1选项

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

问题2选项

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

问题3选项

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

问题4选项

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

问题5选项

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“调查表明在40年民众对美国政府的信心下降了多少?”根据文章第二段可知现在是1995年,说明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人认为大政府对国家未来的威胁最大。而1954年只有16%人认为大政府有威胁(A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices),由此可知国民对政府的信心下降了51%。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在大萧条时期前美国政府在民众的心中是怎样的?”文章第二段最后一句提到“我们又回到了大萧条时期美国人对华盛顿本能的谨慎”(We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression),说明在大萧条时期政府在民众心中的地位就低,选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第六段提到89%的人认为国会会把事情搞砸(Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer),选项D符合题意。

4.词义题。文章第五段第一句提到在样本中,62%的美国人认为政客的道德和诚实度已经下降(OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen),以及比起通过好的法规,议员们花更多的时间在他们的政治前途上吗?(Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?)可知这里的政治前途指的是权利地位,选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到由于年龄较大的人在工作中更稳定,他们往往更满意(sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied),选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe(

)isnottakenseriously.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“相等的东西,等量”;epidemic意为“流行病”;eruption意为“喷发,爆发”;episode意为“插曲”。

句意:如果不认真对待该国的疫情,到2011年,该国可能会有多达1000万的艾滋病人。

10.单选题

Througheffortsbyseveralenvironmentalsocieties,theAmericanbuffaloisnolongerindangerofbecomingan()species.

问题1选项

A.instinct

B.mistinct

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项instinct“本能;直觉”;B选项mistinct没有此类词汇的意思;C选项distinct“明显的;独特的”;D选项extinct“灭绝的;熄灭的”。句意:通过多个环保组织的努力,美国的水牛不再处于变成……物种的危险中。施动者是environmentalsocieties“环保社会”,承受者是Americanbuffalo“美国的水牛”,结果是美国水牛脱离了成为濒临灭绝的物种的风险。因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope—onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline.AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“landofcompatriots,”istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfest

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