考研考博-英语-国际关系学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-国际关系学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

问题1选项

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查让步状语从句。无论三个姐妹你选择哪一个结婚，你都将拥有一个好妻子。A选项whichever“无论哪一个”，B选项which，“哪个”，C选项whatever“无论什么”，D选项any“任何的”，C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhich，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。D选项any不能引导让步状语从句。句意：不论这三个姐姐你选哪一个结婚，你都将有一个好妻子。综上所述，本题选A选项正确。

2.单选题

Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.

问题1选项

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:上阅读课时，老师要求学生阅读小说中的几个。

pieces(完整的)作品;essay论文,文章;fragment片段,一般指文艺作品中的残存部分；extract书本中的摘录，选段等。故选D。

3.单选题

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

问题1选项

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（）。Divergedfrom为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。

4.单选题

Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.

问题1选项

A.eliminate

B.transmit

C.replace

D.isolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项eliminate“消除；排除”；B选项transmit“传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项replace“取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把……放回原处”；D选项isolate“（使）隔离，孤立；将……剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词propagate“传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。

5.单选题

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

问题1选项

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.contraction收缩；缩小B.collision碰撞；冲突

C.corrosion腐蚀；侵蚀D.corruption腐败；堕落

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：塑料比金属更轻，更耐……，但它们通常不坚固。由常识可知大部分塑料的抗腐蚀能力强，因此选C选项。

【干扰项排除】

A选项contraction“收缩；缩小”，根据常识可知塑料遇热易收缩，不符合句意。

B选项collision“碰撞；冲突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。

D选项corruption“腐败；堕落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金属更轻，更耐腐蚀，但通常不坚固。

6.单选题

Hetoldmethatthemusicwasbarelyaudibleinthehallthatnight.

问题1选项

A.distinct

B.passionate

C.pathetic

D.perpetual

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项distinct“明显的，独特的，清楚的”，B项passionate“热情的，热烈的”，C项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”，D项perpetual“永久的，不断的”。句意：他告诉我那天晚上音乐厅里的音乐几乎听不见。audible在句中表示“听得见的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是A项。因此，该题选择A项。

7.单选题

Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a（）ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse.

问题1选项

A.flow

B.movement

C.rush

D.blast

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flow“滔滔不绝，连贯”，aflowof“源源不断的”，例句：Deliveryourwordslikeaflowofwater.Speaktothepoint,beclearandmaintaincontinuity.（你的话语要像流水一样顺畅，语言要中肯、简洁，并保持连贯性。）；B选项movement“运动，活动”；C选项rush“冲进，匆促”，arushof“一阵”，例句：Arushofpureaffectionsweptoverhim.（一股强烈的真爱掠过了他的心田。）；D选项blast“冲击波，一阵”，ablastof“一阵风”，例句：Ablastofhotairhitusaswesteppedofftheplane.（我们下飞机时，一股热浪向我们袭来。）。句意：他一打开门，一股冷空气就吹进了屋子。此处体现突然涌入的寒气，故D选项符合句意。

8.单选题

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

问题1选项

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。状语从句的主语是康德，可知主句应为表示“人”的代词，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C选项。句意：康德认为说谎是“人的尊严的丧失”，认为反对说谎的规则是绝对的，但很少有人否认诚实这一道德准则不得不受制于环境。此处用双重否定表示肯定。因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

问题1选项

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

问题2选项

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

问题3选项

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

问题4选项

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

问题5选项

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有传统养老金，那么退休之后你就得到一笔一定数目的养老金。故本题正确答案为D选项

2.细节事实题。题干询问：如果退休人员的养老金账户不足5000美元，他怎么做会比较明智。根据原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就会关闭养老金账户，把钱取出来做20年额投资，以8%的利率计算就是23000美元。由此可知C选项“拿着养老金（投资）赚取利润”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为C项。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定缴款计划，而你提前退休了，那么问题就出现了。你开始把钱花在本可以赚取利息的投资项目上。后面举例说明：如果你在55岁时退休，然后开始使用传统的养老金，那么到65岁时，你的养老金只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半左右。由此可知，A选项“赚得的利息变少”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为A项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：下列哪一项适合作为最后三段的小标题？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要讲的是提前退休与养老金的关系，过早退休开始使用养老金，会比工作到正常退休年龄损失大。因此，B选项“提前退休，损失巨大”最适合作为最后三段的标题，故本题正确答案为B项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：下列哪一项表述不正确？选项B表示“如果一个人了解退休养老汁划的运行机制，那么提前退休是划算的”明显错误，由最后一段可知，提前退休会造成养老金减少，所以提前退休损失很大。其余选项与原文表述均相符，故本题正确答案为B选项。

10.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故选D。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。

文化是一切。文化是我们着装的方式,是我们走路的方式,是我们系领带的方式。

时间是个多才多艺的表演者。它能展翅飞翔,能阔步前进,也能治愈创伤。

音乐是你自身的体验,你的思想,你的智慧。

国家的发展取决于年轻一代的素质,这是么人皆知的事实。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

12.单选题

Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprintedis（

）.

问题1选项

A.aboveme

B.beyondme

C.besideme

D.liptome

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。above“在…之上”；beyond“超过”；beside“在……旁边”；up“在…上方”。句意：我实在无法理解，这份本来很出色的报纸怎么会允许这篇文章被发表出来。beyondsb.超出某人能理解的范围。答案B

13.单选题

Theproblemthaturbansprawlis（）upontheun-spoiltcountrysidedeservesmoreattentionfromthegovernmentandthepublic.

问题1选项

A.occupying

B.taking

C.encroach

D.encroaching

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项occupy“占据；占用”；B选项take“拿走；取走”；C选项encroach“侵占(某人的时间)；蚕食(土地)”；D选项encroaching“encroach的现在分词形式”。句意：城市扩张正在侵蚀着未被破坏的农村，这一问题值得政府和公众更多的关注。此处的选项应与介词upon构成搭配，而空格前面为be动词，因此此处应该为现在分词形式，故选D。encroachupon表示“侵犯，侵占”。

14.单选题

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

问题1选项

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词用法。B选项much不能直接修饰地名，应改为muchof。

15.单选题

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

问题1选项

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词，从句：had＋动词过去分词。

试题答案：C;haddevoted

16.单选题

Therobbersbrokeintothebank,（

）theclerkswithrevolversandforcedthemtogivemoneyjustastheywereabouttoknockoff.

问题1选项

A.shot

B.frightened

C.amused

D.menaced

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Shot“射击”；frightened“惊恐，使害怕”；amused“逗乐，使发笑”；menaced“威胁，恐吓”。句意：歹徒冲进银行，在银行职员打算按警报器的时候用枪威胁他们，强迫他们把钱拿出来。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Thestationerhasnotyetdeliveredtheyellowpaper,butwhen（）Iwillgiveyousome.

问题1选项

A.theydo

B.theywill

C.hedoes

D.hewill

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：文具店还没有给你黄色的纸，但是……的时候我会给你一些。根据句意，可推测是一般现在时，因此排除B，D选项，选项A是they，不能指代stationer，因此选项C为正确答案。

18.单选题

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

问题1选项

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项plan“计划，平面图”；B选项judgment“判断，裁判，判决书，辨别力”；C选项stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D选项knowledge“知识，学问，知道，认识，学科”。句意：这场危机将考验首相的勇气。Mettle“勇气，气质，耐力”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

19.单选题

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

问题1选项

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词比较级。空格前的and表明前后两个部分是并列关系，主语均为people，是集合名词，先排除B和C选项。前半句句意：很少有人有时间去掌握一门外语的“全部”知识。为了保持并列关系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量实际地使用这样一种语言的人就更少了。因此D选项符合题意。

20.翻译题

1.Therewasonceaharmonytowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtoliveinwithitssurroundings.

2.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostothercountries.

3.Iftherewereonlyadozenorsoairmoleculesinmykitchen,itwouldbelikelyifIwaitedayearorso一thatatsomepointthesixcoldestoneswouldcongregateinsidethefreezer.

4.Insteadofaglobalvillage,whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage,wewillhaveinventedanotherworldofself-containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmember’sinclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelse.

5.Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

【答案】1.这个国家曾经有一个和谐的小镇，所有的生命几乎和周围的环境都和谐相处。

2.政府把国家大部分的预算都用于农业，比其他国家都要多。

3.如果我的厨房里只有十几个空气分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某个时刻，六个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。

4.我们不是要建立一个美好但是难于管理的全球村，而是建立一个由独立群体组成的世界，这些群体在不干涉他人的情况下迎合自己的喜好。

5.它的目标是探究出世界的运行机制，寻求可能存在的规律，并且渗透到事物之间的联系中去——从构成所有物质的亚核粒子，到生物体，到人类社会群体，甚至整个宇宙。

21.单选题

Itisthefirsttimethathe（

）theschoolregulation.

问题1选项

A.isgoingtoviolate

B.hasviolated

C.violates

D.violated

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查的是同位语从句中的动词时态问题。Itisthefirsttimethat...这个句子结构中，使用动词的现在完成时，表示对于过去经历的总结，句意为：这是他第一次违反学校规则。故选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

问题1选项

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项blunders“犯大错；误入某地”；B选项blunts“减弱；使迟钝”；C选项blushes“脸红；感到羞愧”；D选项blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人们会坚持说看电视……了儿童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看电视”；后果是阻碍了children’simaginations“儿童的想象力”。在所有选项中只有blunt有减弱，使迟钝的意思。因此B选项符合题意。

23.单选题

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Byitssustainability.

B.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

C.Byitsproductivity.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

问题2选项

A.localizedpollution

B.competitionfromoverseas

C.theshrinkingoffarmland

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

问题4选项

A.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

B.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

问题5选项

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在农业领域尤其如此，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评价。）因此可持续发展就是人们衡量农业进步的指标，A选项“通过它的可持续性正确”。B选项“通过它对环境的影响”；C选项“通过它的生产力”；D选项“通过它对于经济发展的贡献”这三项都不是文章认为的观点。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields...However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.（来自海外的竞争促使农民专业化并提高产量。在这一时期，食品变得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，这些变化也导致了栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的减少。）也就是说这些使农民专业化并且增加产量的手段使得物种生物性减少，因此D选项“生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“局部污染”这个是原文所没有提及的；B选项“来自海外的竞争”这个是造成物种多样性减少的根本原因，因果颠倒；C选项“农田的萎缩”原文并没有明确提及。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段第三句话Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.（例如，我们需要摆脱认为传统做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持续性的想法。）也就是说传统做法并不比新做法具有持续性，因此C选项“它们不一定是可持续的”正确。A选项“它们几个世纪以来一直保持不变”原文未提及；B选项“它们没有跟上人口增长的步伐”，不符合原文；D选项“它们是环保的”与原文相悖。

4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段第一、二句话Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.（所有这些都意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪截然不同。这需要激进的思维。）激进的思维将会带来根本性的改变，根据这句话可以得出B选项“它将经历根本性的变化”正确。A选项“它将提供更多的动物产品”，无关项；C选项“它将放弃传统的农业做法”，原文并没有明确的提出说是否要放弃传统农业的做法；D选项“它将对环境造成零损害”，这个是做不到的。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到，Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在农业领域尤其如此，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评价。）人们忽略了从历史文化的角度去合理评价它；接下来三段具体分析了人们是如何忽略的；第五段至末段提出21世纪的农业将与以前的截然不同，要求人们改变原有的农业方面的可持续发展思想。由此可知，作者主要是为了让人们重新思考什么是可持续发展的农业，因此D选项“敦促人们重新思考什么是可持续农业”。A选项“提醒人们可持续发展的需要”，是片面的信息；B选项“建议确保可持续粮食生产的方法”，只是文章中有略过，不是主旨；C选项“提出衡量农业发展的新标准”，作者并没有提出。

24.单选题

Marry（

）myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

问题1选项

A.hasreceived

B.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceived

D.shouldn’thavereceived

【答案】C

【解析】句意:玛丽应该没有收到我的信，不然她应该己经给我回信的。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。由关键信息otherwise(否则)可知“Marrymyletter”表示对过去的推测。故选C,couldn’thavedone表示对过去某事的否定猜测。

25.单选题

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had,30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstonofinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplants.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn'twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswill