考研考博-英语-新疆师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theoldking（

）.Theyaremakinganewking.

问题1选项

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知，之前的国王被认为已经杀害了，故用现在完成时的被动，再结合bebelievedto“被认为……”可知D项正确。句意：他们认为之前的国王已经被杀害了，他们正在选举一位新国王。

2.单选题

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade“降级，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，唤起”；divert“转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。

3.不定项选择题

Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.

ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.

Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.

Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.

Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.

Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.

AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.

1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?

2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?

3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.

问题1选项

A.Deforestationandclimatechange.

B.Weatheringanderosion.

C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.

D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.

问题2选项

A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.

B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.

C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.

D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.

问题3选项

A.Aseffectsoflandslides.

B.Asgeologicalmysteries.

C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.

D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.

问题4选项

A.isoftenbeneficial

B.isaveryslowprocess

C.canhaveharmfuleffects

D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。A选项“荒漠化和环境变化”；B选项“风化和侵蚀”；C选项“土地生产率和肥料”；D选项“深耕和轮耕”。根据题干的watercanshapeearth，我们定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（这种物理奇迹是科罗拉多的水通过侵蚀和腐蚀而创作出来的。）答案选B，其他选项与题无关。

第2题:主旨大意题。A选项“工业化的积极影响”；B选项“科罗拉多大峡谷周围的旅游业”；C选项“环境变化的历史”；D选项“流水改变大地的方式”；整篇文章没有提及工业化和环境变化，A，C排除；文章只是用科罗拉多峡谷的变化来引入主题，没有提及峡谷周围的旅游业，所以B选项排除；文章第一句话点出主题后，后面都是谈的水对地形的变化，所以正确答案选D。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思“作者怎么展现大峡谷的？”；A选项“滑坡影响”；B选项“作为地理之谜”；C选项“侵蚀的消极影响”；D选项“侵蚀的积极影响”。根据题干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（这种地理奇迹是科罗拉多的水通过侵蚀和腐蚀而创作出来的。）由此可以看出科罗拉多大峡谷是地理奇迹而不是地理之谜，排除A；然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（虽然风化和侵蚀造就了像沙滩和大峡谷这样的美丽景观，但也有很多负面的影响。滑坡是侵蚀所带来的最危险的副作用之一。）从这句可以看出大峡谷是水的侵蚀作用的积极影响，而滑坡是负面影响，所以排除A、C，答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。题干意思“最后一段，作者提到滑坡是为了证明：侵蚀（）”；A选项“总是有益的”；B选项“缓慢的过程”；C选项“有负面影响”；D选项“能帮助形成洞穴和峡谷”。根据题干，我们定位到最后一段，最后一段第一句话是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（虽然风化和侵蚀造就了像沙滩和大峡谷这样的美丽景观，但也有很多负面的影响。滑坡是侵蚀所带来的最危险的副作用之一。）从although这个转折词可以看出来，整篇文章是要讲侵蚀的不好的方面了，所以答案C正确。A，B，D选项虽然在前文中都说到了，但是根据题干Inthelastparagraph，答案只能选C。

4.单选题

Becauseoftheclose（

）ofarchitectsandbuilders,thebuildingwascompletedaheadofschedule.

问题1选项

A.simulation

B.composition

C.collaboration

D.inflation

【答案】C

【解析】simulation模拟；composition作曲,构成；collaboration合作；inflation膨胀。句意:由于建筑师和施工人员的密切合作,这座建筑提前完工。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent（）music.

问题1选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。talentfor“天才；有……的天赋”，其他选项都没有这种搭配。句意：她在很小的时候就显示出音乐天赋。因此B选项正确。

6.翻译题

1.Newton

Newtonusedhisgreatskillinmathematicstoformabetterunderstandingoftheworldandtheuniverse.Heusedmethodshehadlearnedasaboyinmakingthings.Heexperimented.Thenhestudiedtheresultsandusedwhathehadlearnedtodesignnewexperiments.

Newton’sworkledhimtocreateanewtechniqueinmathematicsformeasuringareascurvedinshape.Healsousedittofindhowmuchmaterialwascontainedinsolidobjects.Thetechniquehecreatedbecameknownasintegralcalculus.

Oneday,sittinginthegarden,hewatchedanapplefallfromatree.HebegantowonderifthesameforcethatpulledtheappledownalsokeptthemooncirclingtheEarth.Newtonbelieveditwas.Andhebelieveditcouldbemeasured.

Hecalledtheforcegravity.Hebegantoexamineitcarefully.

Hedecidedthatthestrengthoftheforcekeepingaplanetinorbitaroundthesundependedontwothings.Onewastheamountofmassintheplanetandthesun.Theotherwashowfaraparttheywere.

Newtonwasabletofindtheexactrelationshipbetweendistanceandgravity.Hemultipliedthemassofonespacebodybythemassoftheothers.Thenhedividedthatnumberbythesquareoftheirdistanceapart.Theresultwasthestrengthofthegravityforcethattiedthemtoeachother.

2.Hubble’sLaw

Inthelate1920s,Hubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportantastronomicaldiscoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse.

EarlierobservationsaboutthemovementofgalaxieshadbeendonebyV.M.Silpher.HediscoveredthatgalaxiesaremovingawayfromEarthatspeedsbetweenthree-hundredkilometersasecondandone-thousandeight-hundredkilometersasecond.

HubbleunderstoodtheimportanceofSilpher’sfindings.Hedevelopedaplanformeasuringboththedistanceandspeedofasmanygalaxiesaspossible.WithhisassistantatMountWilson,MiltonHumason,Hubblemeasuredthemovementofgalaxies.ThetwomendidthisbystudyingwhatHubblecalledthe“redshit”.ItalsoisknownastheDopplereffect.

TheDopplereffectexplainschangesinthelengthoflightwavesorsoundwavesastheymovetowardyouorawayfromyou.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingawayfromyouwillstretchintolongerwavelengths.Theyappearred.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingtowardyouwillhaveshorterwavelengths.Theyappearblue.

Observationsofforty-sixgalaxiesshowedHubblethatthegalaxiesweretravelingawayfromEarth.Theobservationsalsoshowedthatspeedwaslinkeddirectlytothegalaxies’distancefromEarth.Hubblediscoveredthatthefartherawayagalaxyis,thegreateritsspeed.ThisscientificruleiscalledHubble’sLaw.

3.Dream

Menandwomeninancienttimesoftenbelievedthatspiritsvisitedthemintheirdreams.Thespiritsbroughtmessagesofhopeordanger.AncientAssyrians(亚述人),Egyptians,Greeks,and,Romansallturnedtodreamsforsupernaturalanswerstotheirquestions.Theybelieveddreamscouldshowthefuture,warnofevil,bringhappiness.Priests(僧侣)andmedicinemenstudieddreamstolearnthecauseandcureofsicknesses.Theybuilttemplesandmadesacrificessotheirgodswouldspeaktothemthroughdreams.

TheancientGreeks,specially,sawdreamsashiddenmessagesfromthegods.However,oneGreekphilosopher,Aristotle,didnot.Hebelievedthegodswouldspeakonlytoafewspecialpeople,noteveryone.Andeveryonehaddreams.Almosttwo-thousand-four-hundredyearsago,anotherGreek—Hippocrates—wroteaboutdreams.Hippocratesisconsideredthefatherofmedicine.Hippocratesbelieveddreamscouldbeusedastoolsforlearningthenatureofaperson’ssickness.Forexample,supposeapersondreamedaboutafruittreethatwouldnotgrow.Suchadream,Hippocratessaidcouldmeanthatthepersonhadadiseaseofthereproductivesystem(再生系统).

Somehistoriansthinkthedreamsofancientpeoplesledtothedevelopmentofreligion.Thisincludesthebeliefinthesurvivalofthespiritafterdeath.

【答案】1.牛顿

牛顿运用他在数学方面的高超技巧，对世界和宇宙有了更好的认识。他用小时候学到的方法做东西。他尝试。然后，他研究结果，并利用他所学到的设计新的实验。

牛顿的工作使他在数学中创造了一种测量曲面面积的新技术。他还用它来发现固体中含有多少物质。他创造的这项技术后来被称为积分学。

一天，他坐在花园里，看到一个苹果从树上掉下来。他开始想，把苹果拉下来的力量，是否也让月亮绕着地球转。牛顿认为是。他相信这是可以衡量的。

他称这种力为重力。他开始认真地调查。

他认为保持行星绕太阳轨道运行的力量取决于两个因素。一个是行星和太阳的质量。另一个是它们之间的距离。

牛顿能够找到距离和重力之间的精确关系。他用一个空间物体的质量乘以其他物体的质量。然后他把这个数字除以它们之间距离的平方。其结果是将它们相互绑在一起的重力的强度。

2.哈勃定律

在20世纪20年代末，哈勃研究了星系在太空中的运动。他的研究导致了20世纪最重要的天文发现——不断膨胀的宇宙。

关于星系运动的早期观察是由V.M.希尔弗做的。他发现星系正以每秒300公里到每秒1800公里的速度远离地球。

哈勃明白希尔弗发现的重要性。他制定了一个计划来测量尽可能多的星系的距离和速度。哈勃和他在威尔逊山的助手米尔顿•哈马森一起测量了星系的运动。这两个人是通过研究哈勃所说的“红色大便”来做到这一点的。这也被称为多普勒效应。

多普勒效应解释了光波或声波在向你移动或远离你时长度的变化。从加速远离你的物体发出的光波会延伸到更长的波长。出现红色。从一个物体向你飞来的光波的波长会更短。它们出现蓝色。

哈勃对46个星系的观察表明，这些星系正在远离地球。观测结果还表明，速度与星系离地球的距离直接相关。哈勃发现星系越远，其速度就越快。这一科学规律被称为哈勃定律。

3.梦想

古时候的男人和女人通常相信灵魂在他们的梦中拜访他们。灵魂带来了希望或危险的信息。古代亚述人、埃及人、希腊人和罗马人都从梦中寻求超自然的答案。他们相信梦可以显示未来，警告邪恶，带来幸福。牧师和药师研究梦来了解疾病的起因和治疗方法。他们建造庙宇，献祭，让他们的神通过梦境与他们对话。

尤其是古希腊人，把梦看作是来自神的隐藏信息。然而，一位希腊哲学家亚里士多德却不认为。他相信神只会对少数特殊的人说话，而不是所有人。每个人都有梦想。大约2400年前，另一位希腊人希波克拉底写过关于梦的文章。希波克拉底被认为是医学之父。希波克拉底认为梦可以被用作了解一个人疾病本质的工具。例如，假设一个人梦到一棵不长的果树。希波克拉底说，这样的梦可能意味着这个人患有生殖系统疾病。

一些历史学家认为古代人民的梦想导致了宗教的发展。这包括对人死后灵魂依然存在的信仰。

7.单选题

IthasbeentenyearssinceI（

）youlast.

问题1选项

A.see

B.saw

C.didn'tsee

D.haven'tseen

【答案】B

【解析】根据last可知这里应该为一般过去时，排除选项A和D；根据句意可知，选项B正确。句意：自从我上次见你到现在已经有十年了。

8.单选题

ThePartyalwaysinculcatesthedutyofloyaltyontheyoungpeople.

问题1选项

A.precludesfrom

B.imbueswith

C.furnisheswith

D.resortsto

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.precludesfrom阻止，妨碍B.imbueswith灌输强烈的情感或意见

C.furnisheswith供给，提供，给……装饰D.resortsto依靠，求助于，诉诸

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息TheParty（党）和thedutyofloyalty（忠诚的义务）可推测，划线单词inculcate的意思是“灌输，教导”。因此，B选项含义与划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】党总是谆谆教导青年人忠诚的义务。

9.单选题

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,whichofferhimcompanion-ship;somegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroa-minginsearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity，freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.Thequantityoffoodde-pendsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickani-mals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly，hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime，moneyandat-tentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

B.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

C.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

D.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

问题2选项

A.refusetoobeyitsmaster

B.immediatelyfallill

C.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

D.seekforfoodonitsown

问题3选项

A.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

B.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

C.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

D.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

问题4选项

A.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

B.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

C.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

D.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

问题5选项

A.DomesticatedAnimals—Man’sBestFriend

B.ProperDiet—theRoadtoHealth

C.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals

D.SomeTipsonPet-keeping

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】6.文章开篇指出：Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber（世界上现存的动物种类成千上万，人类和其中很大一部分成为朋友）。据此可知，B项正确。

7.根据文中第二段：Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（家养的动物指望主人给它们提供需要的东西，只要这些需要满足了，他们就会听从主人）。据此可以推测，A选项为正确答案。

8.根据D选项中的HuskyandtheSaluki定位至文中第一段：TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.文中并未提及这两种犬是世界上已知的最强壮品种。据此可知，D项是不正确的。

9.根据第三段：Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood…Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.（所有家养的动物都需要合适的食物……放置食物和水的容器必须定期清洗，这样才能使动物们保持健康。）据此可知，B项为正确答案。

10.本文开篇就点明了文章的主题，即世界上现存的动物种类成千上万，人类和其中很大一部分成为朋友。而且这里说的动物主要是指家养的动物，因此A项是本文的最佳标题。

10.单选题

Theschoolshootingtriggeredabarrageoftransparentlyirrelevantproposedsolutions,tossedoutwithoutregardtotheirrelevancetotheeventsthatsupposedly______theproposals.

问题1选项

A.occasioned

B.concerned

C.illuminated

D.ensued

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。occasion“引起，惹起”；concern“涉及；使担心”；illuminate“阐明；照亮”；ensue“追求”。句意：学校枪击事件引发了一连串明显不相干的解决方案，而这些方案与引发这些方案的事件毫无关联。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Inspiteoftherain,the______spectatorswaitedpatientlyforthedelayedstartofthegame.

问题1选项

A.industrious

B.ingenious

C.chaotic

D.assiduous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项industrious“勤奋的，勤劳的”，B项ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的，精制的”，C项chaotic“混沌的，混乱的”，D项assiduous“兢兢业业的，孜孜不倦的”。由spectators（观众）和thedelayedstartofthegame（被推迟的比赛开始）可知，当时的现场应该是“混乱的”，C项符合。句意：尽管下着雨，但是混乱的观众耐心地等待着被推迟的比赛开始。因此，该题选择C项。

12.问答题

Thetextanddialoguebelow(A)focuson(B)culturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocietieswhich(C)cancreatemisunderstandingifignoring(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;ignored

【解析】考查分词用法。ignore与其逻辑主语culturaldifference之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形成。

13.单选题

Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould_______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.

问题1选项

A.abideby

B.accountfor

C.acton

D.adjustto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项abideby“遵守”；B选项accountfor“解释；对……负责”；C选项acton“对……起作用；按照……行事”；D选项adjustto“调整以适应”。句意：对于这个与世隔绝的国家来说，应该如何_______移民越来越多涌入并且正在改变日本这一现实，明显缺乏公开讨论。根据语境，accountfor“解释；对……负责”搭配reality“现实”比较合理，意思是解释为什么越来越多移民进入日本并且改变日本的现实。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Itisquitenaturalthatthenativepeopleusethewordorderandsentencepatternswithout（

）choice.

问题1选项

A.aware

B.careful

C.thebest

D.conscious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项aware“知道的，意识到的”；B选项careful“仔细的”；C选项thebest“最好的”；D选项conscious“意识到的，清醒的”句意：当地人使用词序和句型是很自然的，没有（）选择。结合选项这里填的词意应该是“意识到的”，排除B、C选项；conscious通常比较正式，强调内心的意识，而aware则是指通过信息，或者感觉器官意识到的，这里根据语境是内心的意识，所以A选项排除，答案选D。

15.单选题

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

问题1选项

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。establish“建立;创立”；represent“代表；表现”；perform“表演；执行：完成”；occur“发生”。句意：如果用药期间出现上述症状，请立刻咨询医生。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Atfirst,shewasn’tused（

）andwouldfindexcuseforhermedicine.

问题1选项

A.tobecriticized

B.tocriticizing

C.tobeingcriticized

D.tocriticize

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语。句意：开始的时候她并不习惯（）会为了自己的药找借口。这里批评是“她”被批评，所以要用被动语态，所以B、D排除；根据固定搭配beusedtodoingsth“习惯于做某事”，这里A选项排除；所以这里答案选C。

17.单选题

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“likegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

问题1选项

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

问题2选项

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

问题3选项

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

问题4选项

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtoc