考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学科学技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆农业大学科学技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

ByaboutA.D.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisadedIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippiancultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics,finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,，hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsaltmaking.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe.

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas.

问题1选项

A.TheMississippianculture

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes

问题2选项

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

问题3选项

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershedC

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

问题4选项

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

问题5选项

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文段内容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes可知是在讲述Mississippianculture，因此选项A符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文段一开始就提到了theMoundBuilderculture在不断衰退，由此可推测该文段之前的内容是在讲述该文化，因此选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文段第二句话中的关键信息tothewest…wasbeginningtoflourish，该文化指的是Mississippianculture，由此可知相对于Mississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculture位于东边，选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文段内容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes，可知选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文段内容builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces可知选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Thedebatesoverstemcellresearchduringthelastdecadehavebeenamongthemostheated（

）inthehistoryofscience.

问题1选项

A.conspiracies

B.contradictions

C.contentions

D.controversies

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。conspiracy意为“阴谋”；contradiction意为“矛盾”；contention意为“论点，争论”；controversy意为“公开辩论，论战”。

句意：过去十年中关于干细胞研究的争论是科学史上最激烈的论战之一。

3.单选题

MyfirstencounterwiththeinternationalartistandartcriticFairfieldPorterwasactuallythroughthepoetryofhiswife,Anne(Channing)Porter.Whilebothgrewtobecomequitecelebratedintheircrafts,Fairfield’sstoryisunique.

Bornintoanaffluent,artisticfamilyin1907,theboywhowasonedaybecomearenownedartistandrespectedartcriticshowedacomparativelackofartisticabilitywhenseennexttohissiblings.WhilehisolderbrotherEliottooktophotography,FairfieldPorter,despitebeingremarkablyintelligent,appearedtobelackinganynaturalartistictalents.Itseemedthat,althoughamemberofafamilyfullofartists,histrueskilllayinthecritiquingofothers’artistry.ThiswasevidencedinhissecondyearatHarvardbyFarfield’sdecisiontopursuearthistoryashismajorfieldofstudy.AfterstudyingatHarvardunderArthurPopeandthentravelingbrieflythroughEurope,FairfieldcamebacktotheUnitedStatestofurtherhiseducationattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.TherehebecameacquaintedwiththefamedphotographerAlfredStieglitz—theworkofwhomissaidtohavepositivelyinfluencedFairfield’spaintingstosomedegree.

Betweentheyears1931and1932,FairfieldspentthemajorityofhistimeinItalylearningtoappreciateandcritiquetheworksofthegreatRenaissancepainters.Histrainingcamefrombothdirectstudyunderworld-famousarthistorianBernardBerenson,andfromcountlesshoursspentinmuseumsandgalleriesobservingthegreatestpiecesofItalianart.

FollowinghismarriagetoAnneuponhisreturnfromItaly,Fairfieldspentthebetterpartofthenexttwodecadesdevelopinghisskillsasapainterwhilecaringforhisautisticson.DuringthisperiodhismeetingswiththeFrenchIntimistpainterWillemDeKooningwouldprovetohaveaprofoundeffectonhislaterworks.PorterwasthefirsttopubliclyacclaimtheworkofKooning.

Infact,whatmadePortersofamouswashisknackforrespondingdirectlytoanartist’swork.Hefoundfaultwiththecommon“talkbased”criticismthatspoketoartonlyinreferencetoitspastortosomevaguetheoreticalframework;suchcriticismattemptedtoshapethefutureofartandwasfartoobiasedforPorter.HistimeasanartcriticforsuchpublicationsasArtNewsandTheNationended,however,in1961whenhedecidedtopursueafull-timepaintingcareer.

Theothersideofhisfame,hisuncommonapproachtopainting,isjustasimportanttotheunderstandingofFairfieldPorter’scontributionstotheworldofart.Hispersonalphilosophycomesfromablendingoftwoviews;artshouldbepersonal,emotional,andrepresentativeofitssubject,whileatthesametimebeboldlycolorful,expressive,andgenerallyabstract.Drawingonhisvastknowledgeofarthistory,especiallythestylesofFrenchIntimism,Porterfusedthesetwofeelingstocreateapowerful,emotivecollectionofpaintingsaboutfamilies,individuals,andthehome,aswellasmovingnaturescenessuchasTheDoortotheWoods(1971)andMaine—TowardtheHarbor(1967).

Whenhediedin1975,onamorningwalkalongtheocean,helefttheworldasoneofthemostrespectedartcriticsinthepastcentury.Ontopofthat,hisworkasapainterisstillviewedwithintheartcommunityasamazinglydistinctiveandespeciallyrepresentativeofhislife.Itissadtosaythatnow,however,somethirtyyearsafterhisdeath,heisstillvirtuallyunknownoutsideofartcircles.Thisremarkablyinsightful,articulate,creativeindividualneedstobediscoveredbythecommonmanandreveredforhiscontinuinginfluenceontheartistsoftoday.Thewordsofthisintellectualweresomeofthebestandmosthonestcritiquesofarteverspoken.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.

问题1选项

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’works

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorter

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartwork

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareer

问题2选项

A.detachedinterest

B.amusedtolerance

C.warmappreciation

D.deepabhorrence

问题3选项

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.

问题4选项

A.stirring

B.vivid

C.trite

D.individualistic

问题5选项

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawhole

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopic

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassage

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpoint

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.1.这篇文章的主要目的可以被描述为试图______。

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’worksA.解释波特坦率地谈论艺术家作品的著名能力

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorterB.说明几位著名艺术家对波特作品的影响

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartworkC.评价波特不同寻常的绘画和评论艺术品的方法

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareerD.记录了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他职业生涯的事件和信念

【答案】D

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，全文主要记录了艺术批判家波特的一生，并且介绍了他的作品出名的原因。文章第一段引入话题，第二至四段介绍了波特的成长背景以及职业生涯中的经历，第四段倒数第二句还提到“他与法国画家威廉˙德˙库宁的会面对他后来的作品产生了深远的影响”；最后三段讲述了波特能够成名的原因，一是他能够直接回应艺术家的作品，二是他有不寻常的绘画方式；综上所述，可推断这篇文章的主要目的是介绍波特的一生，尤其是记录那些塑造他的职业生涯的那些大事件及信念。因此，该题选择D项“记录了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他职业生涯的事件和信念”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“解释波特坦率地谈论艺术家作品的著名能力”、B项“说明几位著名艺术家对波特作品的影响”和C项“评价波特不同寻常的绘画和评论艺术品的方法”表述片面，属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.2.作者对文章主题的态度可以用______来描述。

A.detachedinterestA.超然的兴趣

B.amusedtoleranceB.有趣的宽容

C.warmappreciationC.热情的欣赏

D.deepabhorrenceD.深恶痛绝

【答案】C

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】全文讲述了波特求学的经历，以及成名的原因，都包含作者的欣赏。由最后一段第三和第四句“然而，遗憾的是，在他去世大约30年后的今天，他在艺术界之外仍然默默无闻。这个极富洞察力、能言善辩、富有创造力的人需要被普通人发现，并因其对当今艺术家的持续影响而受人尊敬。”可以看出，作者对这个艺术家的态度是欣赏的，而这篇文章的主题就是这个艺术家。因此，该题选择C项“热情的欣赏”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“超然的兴趣”和B项“有趣的宽容”在文中并没有体现，属于无中生有；

D项“深恶痛绝”由解题思路可知，属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?3.如文中所述，波特批评艺术的方法可以用以下哪一种陈述来总结？

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.A.波特的批评是直截了当的，并且仅仅是基于他对他正在评估的艺术品的评价。

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.B.波特批评艺术基于绘画的背景和概念结构，他发现这在他的评价中最有用。

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.C.波特的批评可以与伯纳德˙贝伦森的批评相媲美，贝伦森对波特的艺术观产生了巨大的影响。

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.D.波特批评艺术的目的是通过影响艺术家的作品来帮助他们。

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第五段前两句“事实上，让波特如此出名的是他直接回应艺术家作品的技巧。他对常见的‘以谈话为基础’的批评提出了异议，这种批评只针对艺术的过去或一些模糊的理论框架；这些批评试图塑造艺术的未来，但对波特来说，这些批评太偏颇了。”可知波特的艺术批评方法是直接的，并且对以“谈话为基础”的批评提出了异议，也就是说波特评价作品是基于艺术作品本身，而不参考作品的背景和模糊的理论。A项“波特的批评是直截了当的，并且仅仅是基于他对他正在评估的艺术品的评价”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“波特批评艺术基于绘画的背景和概念结构，他发现这在他的评价中最有用”由解题思路可知，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“波特的批评可以与伯纳德•贝伦森的批评相媲美，贝伦森对波特的艺术观产生了巨大的影响”与题干无关，属于出处错位；

D项“波特批评艺术的目的是通过影响艺术家的作品来帮助他们”在文中没有提及，无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.4.波特的绘画风格除了______以外，可以用以下所有的方式来描述。

A.stirringA.激动人心的

B.vividB.生动的

C.triteC.陈腐的

D.individualisticD.个人主义的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词paintingstyle定位至倒数第二段，根据最后两句“他的个人哲学来自两种观点的融合；艺术应该是个人化的、情绪化的、有代表性的，同时也应该是丰富多彩的、有表现力的、抽象的。利用丰富的艺术史知识，特别是法国情感画家的风格，波特将这两种感觉融合在一起，创造了一个关于家人、个人和家庭的强有力的、充满情感的绘画集合，以及感人的自然场景。”可知，波特的绘画风格是强有力的、充满情感的，内容是关于家庭、个人、家庭以及感人的自然场景。只有C项“陈腐的”不符合原文对波特绘画风格的描述，但符合题干。因此，该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A项“激动人心的”、B项“生动的”和D项“个人主义的”由解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.5.没有第一段，文章将失去______。

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawholeA.这篇文章的整体概述

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopicB.一个简短的介绍和到主题的过渡

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassageC.与文章相关的重要细节

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpointD.对作者观点背后逻辑的解释

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息定位到第一段的内容“我第一次接触到国际艺术家和艺术评论家费尔菲尔德•波特，实际上是通过他的妻子安妮•波特的诗作。虽然两人都在各自的行业中变得非常有名，但费尔菲尔德的故事却是独一无二的。”可知，第一段是作为对全文的引语，通过作者与波特的相遇，引出主角波特，以及接下来对波特的叙述。因此，该题选择B项“一个简短的介绍和到主题的过渡”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“这篇文章的整体概述”从第一段的内容来看，该段并不是文章的总体概述，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“与文章相关的重要细节”和D项“对作者观点背后逻辑的解释”由解题思路可知，第一段只是作为引语，所以这两项属于曲解原文。

4.单选题

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amuses’shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples―notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition,Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses’shrine”

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,"butsite-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation,andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylumgalleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNalurhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（）.

2.TheideathatMuseumcouldmeanamountainorallobjectsoriginatesfrom（）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat（）.

4.Paintingandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

问题2选项

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

问题3选项

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

问题4选项

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

问题5选项

A.Theevolutionofmuseums

B.Collectionandcollectors

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。slippery意为狡猾的，不稳定的。再根据下一段的内容可以推测，这里是指它的意思多年来已经改变了。所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希腊语中)是献给缪斯的任何东西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花园、一个节日，甚至是一本教科书。”由此可知选项D正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文句意：随着它们的增加和扩大，作为补充，造假者的技艺变得越来越精湛。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它们不是被“收藏”,而是“特定场地的”,被认为是建筑不可或缺的一部分。选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“museum”一词的演变及其现代意义的由来，所以选项A最能概括本文主旨。

5.单选题

Frankstormedintotheroomand（）thedoor,butitwasn’tthateasytoclosethedooronwhatJackhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.slashed

B.slammed

C.slipped

D.slapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项slashed“削减”；B选项slammed“砰地关上，猛烈抨击”；C选项slipped“滑动”；D选项slapped“侮辱，拍击，掴……耳光”。句意：弗兰克冲进房间，_____的一声关上了门，但要把杰克说的话关起来可不容易。这里是“砰的一声把门关上的意思”，只有B选项可以表达这个意思，B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Youshouldtryto（

）yourambitionandbemorerealistic.

问题1选项

A.reserve

B.restrain

C.retain

D.reclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，储存，保留”；restrain意为“抑制，压抑”；retain意为“保持”；reclaim意为“开拓，开垦”。

句意：你应该控制你的野心，更现实一点。

7.单选题

Hearrivedhome（

）teainthegarden.

问题1选项

A.findingthemalltohave

B.findingthemallhaving

C.tofindthemalltohave

D.tofindthemallhaving

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句意：他回到家（发现）他们都在花园里喝茶。这里后面意思表示结果，不定式todo作状语表出人意料，令人失望的结果；现在分词doing作结果状语表自然而然的结果。这里只是喝茶没有令人失望，所以排除C、D选项。doing表现在，todo表将来，他回家的时候一定是他们正在喝茶，所以答案选B。

8.单选题

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery（）forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

问题1选项

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。hostile敌对的;anxious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的,沉闷的;obscure模糊的,隐蔽的。句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说,一周工作80个小时,几乎没有什么乐趣,生活一定很乏味。选项C更符合句意。

9.单选题

Theymanagedto（）thesoundonTVeverytimetheallegedvictim'snamewasspoken.

问题1选项

A.deaden

B.deprive

C.punctuate

D.rebuff

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deaden“使减弱，隔阻”；deprive“剥夺，使丧失”；punctuate“加标点于”；rebuff“回绝”。句意：每次说到受害者名字时，他们设法把电视机声音调小。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Theuniquehumanhabitoftakinginandemployinganimals—evencompetitorslikewolves—spurredonhumantool-makingandlanguage,whichhavebothdrivenhumanity’ssuccess,PatShipmansays,paleoanthropologistofPennStateUniversity.“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals,”Shipmansaid.

Forearlyhumans,takinginandcaringforanimalswouldseemlikeapoorstrategyforsurvival.“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.”Shipmansaid.Butit’snotsoweirdinthecontextsomethingelsehumansweredoingabout2.6millionyearsago:switchingfromamostlyvegetariandiettoonerichinmeat.Thishappenedbecausehumansinventedstonehuntingtoolsthatenabledthemtocompetewithothertoppredators.Quitearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.Soweinventedtheequipment,learnedhowtotrackandkill,andeventuallytookinanimalswhoalsoknewhowtohunt—likewolvesandothercanines.Others,likegoats,cowsandhorses,providedmilk,hairand,finally,hidesandmeat.

Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry,saidPeterRicherson,professoremeritus(名誉退休的)intheDepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Oneofthesignsthatthishappenedisinpetroglyphs(史前岩画)andotherrockartleftbyancientpeoples.Atfirsttheywereabstract,geometricpatternsthatareimpossibletodecipher(破译).Thentheyconvergeononesubject:animals.

Therehavealsobeengeneticchangesinbothhumansandouranimals.Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits,likeacowthatgivesmoremilkorahenthatlaysmoreeggs.Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.Dogs,forinstance,mighthavebeenselectivelytakeninbyhumanswhosharedgenesformorecompassion.Thosehumansthenprosperedwiththedogs’helpinhuntingandsecuringtheirhomes.

31.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutanimals?（）

32.WhydidShipmansaytakinginanimalisapoorstrategyforsurvival?（）

33.Whydidlanguageshavetodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges?（）

34.WhatdowelearnfromthestatementofPatShipmanandPeterRicherson?（）

35.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?（）

问题1选项

A.Animalshavedrivenhumanity’ssuccess.

B.Tool-makingandlanguageareuniquelyhumanhabits.

C.Employingwolvesisuniquelyhumanhabit.

D.Peoplelivewithanimalseverywhere.

问题2选项

A.Earlyhumanswerepoorinsurvivalresources.

B.Takinginanimalwasaveryweirdbehavior.

C.Earlyhumansdidn’tknowhowtotrackandkill.

D.Earlyhumansswitchedfromavegetariandiettomeat.

问题3选项

A.Earlyhumansshouldhavecommunicationintrackinggame.

B.Languagecanenablehumanstocompetewithothertoppredators.

C.Animalsshouldunderstandtheordersgivenbyhumans.

D.Languagecouldgivearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.

问题4选项

A.Caringforanimalsseemedcommonafterpeopleinventedtools.

B.Afterlanguagedevelopedearlyhumanslearnedhowtotrackandkill.

C.Managingandtrackinganimalsaretheoriginofmodernscience.

D.Languagedevelopedfromabstracttospecificbecauseofanimals.

问题5选项

A.Animalschangesaredevelopedbythemselves.

B.Humanbredanimalsforspecificgenes.

C.Evolutionaryinfluenceworksonbothhumansandanimals.

D.Genescouldmakethedogshelppeopleinhunting.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

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