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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宜宾职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Therewereseveralexplanationsofthephenomenon,nobody______therightonethefirsttime.

问题1选项

A.gotholdof

B.agreedupon

C.hiton

D.caughtupwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“gotholdof”意为“把握;抓住;得到”;B选项“agreedupon”意为“对……取得一致意见;同意某主意”;C选项“hiton”意为“偶然发现;忽然想到”;D选项“caughtupwith”意为“赶上;逮捕;处罚”。句意:对这一现象有几种解释,但没有人一开始就能忽然想到正确的解释。由题干可知,therightone指正确的解释,所以相应的动词应该是想到。因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Atthesametime,thepublicwillnotadmittherandom,(

)alterationofplans,norwithoutcomplainthechangeablenessofplans.

问题1选项

A.capricious

B.randomicity

C.unpublicized

D.sedentary

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词及名词辨析。capricious“反复无常的”;randomicity“任意性”;unpublicized“未公布的”;sedentary“静坐的”。句意:同时,民众将不会容许对计划进行任意和反复无常的变更,也不会毫无怨言的容许计划的易变性。由random及changeablenessofplans可知A项符合题意。答案A。

3.单选题

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate(波动)persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto(

).

2.Soundisproducedby

).

3.Decibelis

).

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

问题2选项

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

问题3选项

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

问题4选项

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

问题5选项

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词Mach定位到文章第一段中,由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”(马赫被定义为“在被考虑的媒介中,火箭或飞机的速度与声速的比率”)可知选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules(声音是由物体的振动产生的,并通过分子的物质介质向外辐射的压力的交替增加和减少而传播)可知A选项“物体通过空气的振动”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词decibel定位到文章倒数第二段中,由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.(强度,或响度,是这些辐射波的压力强度,以分贝为单位)可知C选项“测量声音强度的单位”符合题意。

4.推理判读题。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.(它在其他温度和不同的介质中变化)”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound(声音的速度)”,然后介绍了在不同介质中传播的速度不同,因此B选项“声音以不同的速度在不同的温度和不同的介质中传播”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。A选项仅适合文章第一段的主题;C选项仅适合第四段和第五段的主题;D选项仅适合第六段的主题。文章首段与尾段都提到了声音的速度,中间也有提到,因此B选项“声音的速度”符合题意。

4.单选题

Whiletyping,Kathyhadahabitofstopping()ogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.occasionally

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意:在打字的时候,凯西停下来梳理一下她柔顺的长发的习惯。promptly敏捷地,迅速地;simultaneously同时地;eventually最终,最后;occasionally偶尔。因此,D项符合句意。

5.单选题

ValetaYoung,81,aretireefromLodi,Calif.,suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstantmonitoring.Butshedoesn’thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttonsonasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse’sstationinSanAntonio,Texas.“It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor,”saysYoung,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.

Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology,withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves—everythingfrompatients’heartratestohowoftentheycough.

Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch,St.FrancisUniversityinPittsburgh,Pa.,partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudyinwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorstomonitortheirdisease.Andlastfall,Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheabilitytocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline.UsingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthatmeasureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatedirectlytodoctors.

Suchhomemonitoring,saysDr.GeorgeDailey,aphysicianattheScrippsClinicinSanDiego,“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrack,changesintheirheartrte.Bloodsugar,lipidlevels,kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.”

Dr.TimothyMoore,executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical,whichproducedthesmartscalesthatYoungandmorethan10,000otherpatientsareusing,saysthatalmostanyvitalsigncould,intheory,bemonitoredfromhome.But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample,andalthoughheacknowledgesthatremotemonitoringofblood-sugarlevelsanddiabeticulcersontheskinmayhaverealvalue,hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.

Suchstudiesareneededbecausethetechnologyisstillinitsinfancyandmedicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.Butononethingtheyallagree:youshouldneverrelyonanyremotetestingsystemwithoutclearingitwithyourdoctor.

66.HowdoesYoungmonitorherhealthconditions?

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTusedinremotemonitoring?

68.Theword“prompted”mostprobablymeans____.

69.WhyisDr.TimothyMooreagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely?

70.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Byestablishingadirectlinktoherdoctor.

B.Byansweringafewyesornoquestions.

C.Bysteppingonanelectronicscale.

D.Byusingremotemonitoringservice.

问题2选项

A.theairwaves

B.telephone

C.Internet

D.car

问题3选项

A.made

B.reminded

C.aroused

D.driven

问题4选项

A.Becauseitsvaluehasnotbeenprovedbyscientificstudy.

B.Becauseitisalessproductivewayofmonitoring.

C.Becauseitdoesn’tmakegoodmedicalsense.

D.Becauseitisnotallowedbydoctors.

问题5选项

A.Computerilliterateisadvisednottouseremotemonitoring.

B.Thedevelopmentofremotemonitoringmarketisrathersluggish.

C.Remotemonitoringismainlyusedtotrackchronicdiseases.

D.Medicalexpertsagreeonthevalueofremotemonitoring.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】66.事实细节题。题干“Young是如何监测自己的健康状况的?”A选项“通过和她的医生建立直接联系”,可定位到第1段最后一句…It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor…(……这几乎和我的医生有直接联系……);B选项“通过回答几个是或不是的问题”,可定位到第1段第4句Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttons…(通过按键回答一些是或不是的问题……);C选项“通过踩在电子秤上”,可定位到第1段第3句Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.(她每天两次踏上一个特殊的电子秤。);D选项“通过使用远程监控服务”,可定位到第2段第1、2句Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology…(Young并不是唯一一个远离医生的病人。远程监控是医疗技术中迅速发展的一个领域。)综上可以看出,Young是通过D选项“远程监控服务”来监测自己的健康状况的,A、B、C选项均为远程监控的具体措施。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

67.事实细节题。题干“以下哪一项在远程监控中不使用”,可定位到第2段最后一句Remotemonitoring…—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves…(远程监控……通过电话、互联网或电视广播传输……)由此可知,A选项“电视广播”、B选项“电话”、C选项“互联网”都用到了,D选项“汽车”没有用到。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

68.词义推测题。题干“prompted这个词的意思很可能是____”,可定位到第3段第1句Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.(被医疗保健费用的增加和医疗保健设备电脑化程度的提高____,医生们使用远程监控来跟踪越来越多种类的慢性病。)根据句意可知,“医疗保健费用的增加和医疗保健设备电脑化程度的提高”推动了“医生们使用远程监控来跟踪越来越多种类的慢性病”,D选项“驱策”最符合句意。A选项“制造”、B选项“提醒”、C选项“引起”,不符合语境。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

69.事实细节题。题干“为什么TimothyMoore医生反对远程做心电图”,可定位到第5段第2句But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample…(但是,他提醒说,这在医学上可能并不总是合理的。例如,他建议不要远程做心电图。)由此可知,他反对远程做心电图是因为这么做在医学上不合理,C选项“因为这在医学上说不通”表述正确。A选项“因为它的价值还没有被科学研究证实”,可定位到第5段最后一句hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.(他指出,目前还没有真正独立的研究能够确定糖尿病或哮喘家庭测试的价值。)由此可知,没有被科学研究证实价值的是糖尿病或哮喘家庭测试,而非远程做心电图,选项表述不正确,排除;

B选项“因为这是一种效率较低的监控方式”、D选项“因为这是医生不允许的”原文并未提及,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为C。

70.判断推理题。题干“根据文章,下列哪个选项是正确的?”A选项“不懂电脑的人最好不要使用远程监控”,可定位到第1段最后一句…Young,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.(Young自称是电脑盲,但说她使用这些设备没有问题。)由此可知,不懂电脑的人也可以使用远程监控,选项表述错误,排除;B选项“远程监控市场的发展相当缓慢”,可定位到第2段第2句Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology…(远程监控是医疗技术中迅速发展的一个领域。)选项表述错误,排除;C选项“远程监测主要用于慢性病的跟踪”,可定位到第3段第1句…doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.(医生们正在使用远程监控来追踪越来越多种类的慢性病。)由此可知,远程监控主要用于慢性病,选项表述正确;D选项“医学专家认同远程监控的价值”,可定位到最后一段第1句…medicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.(医学专家对它的价值意见不一。)由此可知,有的专家认同,有的专家不认同,选项表述错误,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为C。

6.单选题

Theydecidedto____theirdifferencesinpursuitofacommongoal.

问题1选项

A.submit

B.surrender

C.substitute

D.submerge

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.submit屈从B.surrender投降

C.substitute替代D.submerge湮灭

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“____他们的差异”,由此可知,该动词为及物动词,直接带宾语“他们的差异”;根据后文“为了追求一个共同的目标”可知,他们应该是放弃了、搁置了或消除了差异,以追求共同的目标。综上所述,D选项submerge“湮灭”最符合题意,submergetheirdifferences“消除他们的差异”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项submit“屈从”,常搭配介词to,原句中没有介词,侧重于指向……屈服,不得已接受;

B选项surrender“投降”,常搭配介词to,原句中没有介词,侧重于指投降或被迫放弃;

C选项substitute“替代”,不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】他们决定消除分歧以追求一个共同的目标。

7.翻译题

Still,theideaofanimalsfeelingemotionsremainscontroversialamongmanyscientists.Researchers’skepticismisfueledinpartbytheirprofessionalaversiontoanthropomorphism(动物人格化),theverynonscientifictendencytoattributehumanqualitiestononhumans.Manyscientistsalsosaythatitisimpossibletoproveanimalshaveemotionsusingstandardscientificmethods—repeatableobservationsthatcanbemanipulatedincontrolledexperiments—leadingthemtoconcludethatsuchfeelingsmustnotexist.Today,however,amidmountingevidencetothecontrary,“thetideisturningradicallyandrapidly,”saysBekoff,whoisattheforefrontofthismovement.

Eventhemostharshskepticsofanimalpassionagreethatmanycreaturesexperiencefear—whichsomescientistsdefineasa“primary”emotionthatcontrastswith“secondary”emotionssuchasloveandgrief.Unlikethesemorecomplexfeelings,fearisinstinctiveandrequiresnoconsciousthought.

Butbeyondsuchinstinctiveemotionsandtheirpredictablebehavioralresponses,thepossibilityofmorecomplexanimalfeelings—thosethatentailmentalprocessing—isdifficulttodemonstrate,becausefeelingsareintangible,andsotoughtostudyscientifically.

Thenewcaseforanimalemotionscomesinpartfromthegrowingacceptabilityoffieldobservations,particularlywhentheyaretakeninaggregate.Thelatestcontributiontothisbodyofknowledgeisanewbook.TheSmileofaDolphin,whichpresentspersonalreportsfrommorethan50researcherswhohavespenttheircareersstudyinganimals—fromcats,dogs,andchimpstobirdsandfish,editedbyBekoff,whosaysitwillfinally“legitimize”researchonanimalemotions.

【答案】【参考译文】

但是,许多科学家仍然对动物也有情感的观点持有异议。研究人员之所以表示怀疑,部分原因是他们出于职业习惯讨厌拟人论,因为他们认为这是一种将人类的特性强加在非人类生物身上的毫无科学根据的主观倾向。许多科学家还认为用标准的科学方法无法证明动物是有情感的——在受控实验环境下可进行重复观察——这使他们得出结论,认为这些所谓的动物情感一定不存在。但是如今出现越来越多相反的证据。站在这场运动前沿的贝科夫说道:“这场运动的潮流正在根本性地迅速转向。”

甚至连那些对动物情感论持绝对怀疑态度的人也认为,许多动物有恐惧感——有的科学家认为,恐惧是与爱和悲伤等“中级”情感相对的“初级”情感。与较为复杂的“中级”情感相比,恐惧是一种本能,它不需要任何有意识的思维。

但是,除了这些具有本能性质的情感及其可预见的行为反应之外,科学家很难证明动物可能存在更为复杂的情感,即那些需要有心理活动过程的情感,因为感情是无形的,很难用科学的方法进行研究。

动物情感方面出现新主张,部分原因是越来越多的人愿意接受研究人员取得的实地观察结果,特别是把这些观察结果汇总到一起时。新书《海豚的微笑》对这一知识体系做出了最新贡献。该书收录了50多名研究人员撰写的个人报告,这些研究人员将自己的整个职业生涯都倾注在对动物的研究——猫、狗、熊、黑猩猩、鸟和鱼等动物。该书的编辑贝科夫认为,这本书最终会使动物情感的研究“合法化”。

8.单选题

Beefcattle______ofalllivestockforeconomicgrowthinthecertaingeographicregions.

问题1选项

A.themostareimportant

B.arethemostimportant

C.isthemostimportant

D.thataremostimportant

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。句意:在某些地区,肉牛是经济增长最重要的牲畜。根据题目和选项确定句子结构为主语+系动词+表语结构,所以用be动词;根据cattle是集合名词确定用复数形式;根据形容词最高级结构为themost+adj.确定用themostimportant,所以B选项arethemostimportant符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Thisnewroundoflayoffoccurringinmajorindustrialcitieswillonlyreduceprofitsand(

)aneconomiccrisis.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.precipitate

C.offend

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正,校正”;B选项precipitate“使……突然降临;加速(坏事的发生),使突然陷入(某种状态)”;C选项offend“得罪,冒犯,犯罪”;D选项alternate“交替,轮流”。由reduceprofitsand_____aneconomiccrisis(减少利润和_____经济危机)可知B选项符合语境。句意:主要工业城市新一轮的停产只会降低利润并陷入经济危机。

10.单选题

Thereistoogreata(

)ofalcoholinBritain.

问题1选项

A.consumption

B.destruction

C.absence

D.transmission

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consumption“消费;消耗”;destruction“破坏;毁灭”;absence“缺乏;缺席”;transmission“传动装置;传送”。句意:英国的酒精消耗太大了。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand(

)yourtextmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息处理机比打字机好得多,因为它能使你更容易地输入和编辑文本。

动词辨析。Register登记,注册;edit编辑,校对;propose建议,打算;discharge排放,解雇。因此B符合句意。

12.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,(

).

问题1选项

A.notthelowtemperatures

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。这是个强调句,题目强调的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分,根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温’确定A选项正确。

13.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally(

).

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate“恶化”;dissipate“浪费”;disperse“分散”;drain“排水;耗尽”。句意:在同一份工作上干了四年,他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Thecouplehasdonatedanot()amountofmoneytothefoundation.

问题1选项

A.inconsiderable

B.inconsiderate

C.inaccurate

D.incomparable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这对夫妇为这个基金会己经捐献了不少钱。

考查形容词辨析。inconsiderable小的,不値得考虑的,微不足道的;inconsiderate轻率的,不顾别人的;inaccurate不精确的,不准确的;incomparable无可匹敌的,不能比较的。故A符合句意。

15.单选题

A(),hewasprobablyoneofthemostrealisticwritersofhisday.

问题1选项

A.self-confessingromantic

B.self-confessedromance

C.self-confessingromance

D.self-confessedromantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查词性辨析。self-confessing无此用法,排除A和C选项;self-confessed“自认为的”。根据后半句可知选项的重心是描述一个人,因此选择romantic“浪漫的人”,而romance“传奇,浪漫史,冒险故事”不符合句意。因此D选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Theprospectofincreasedpricehasalready(

)worries.

问题1选项

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。provoke“激起,挑起,引起”;irritate“刺激,使兴奋,激怒”;inspire“激发,鼓舞,启示”;hoist“把……吊起,升起”。句意:价格上涨的前景已经引起了人们的担忧。A项符合题意。

17.单选题

Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlies______ill-informedorincompetentusers.

问题1选项

A.in

B.at

C.with

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定词组。A项liein“在于,睡懒觉”,B项lie没有与at搭配的用法;C项liewith“取决于,是……的权利”,D项lieon“位于,压迫,依赖”。句意:目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者没有考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。故正确答案为C。

18.单选题

Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.

问题1选项

A.decrease

B.subtract

C.minimize

D.degrade

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少,减小”,强调事物逐渐减少的过程,主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少;B选项subtract“减去”;C选项minimize“最小化,将……减到最小”;D选项degrade“降低(地位),贬低”。句意:这场火灾造成了巨大损失,但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重,试图将后果降到最低。

19.问答题

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】参考范文:Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

20.单选题

Theappearanceoftheusedcaris(),it’smuchnewerthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.descriptive

B.indicative

C.deceptive

D.impressive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项descriptive“描述的,叙述的”;B选项indicative“指示的,预示的”;C选项deceptive“欺骗性的”;D选项impressive“令人印象深刻的”,句意:这辆旧车的外观具有迷惑性,轿车比实际的样子新得多,所以选C。

21.单选题

Afterthestormcausedrawsewagetoseepintothegroundwater,theWaterDepartmenthadtotakemeasuresto(

)thecity’swatersupply.

问题1选项

A.refine

B.revive

C.freshen

D.decontaminate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。refine“提炼,改善;revive“使复活,使恢复,使振奋”;freshen“使新鲜,使清爽,使有精神”;decontaminate“净化,去除污染”,根据句意‘在风暴导致未处理的污水渗入地下水后,供水部门必须采取措施(

)该市供水。’确定D选项正确。

22.单选题

Freshwaterisfiniteandvulnerableresource,essentialtosustainlife,developmentandtheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.likelytofail

B.likelytoaccumulate

C.likelytoimprove

D.likelytoenhance

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.likelytofail可能会缺乏B.likelytoaccumulate可能会积累

C.likelytoimprove可能会改善D.likelytoenhance可能会提高

【考查点】词义推测

【解题思路】该词形容的是“淡水资源”,说明淡水的特性,与其并列的形容词是finite“有限的”,A选项likelytofail“可能会缺乏”(fail有“不足,缺乏”的意思)最符合语境,原词vulnerable“易受伤害的;脆弱的”。

【干扰项排除】

B选项likelytoaccumulate“可能会积累”与“有限的”矛盾;

C选项likelytoimprove“可能会改善”,与原文不符;

D选项likelytoenhance“可能会提高”,与原文不符。

【句意】淡水是有限和脆弱的资源,对维持生命、发展和环境至关重要。

23.案例题

BarbieDolls

Flashyclothes,theperfectboyfriend,aCorvette,Ferrari,fullsizeapartmentwithbeautifulfurnitureandaboat.She'sthewomanwhohaseverythingandeveryyearreceivesmore.Sinceherintroductionin1959,theBarbiedollmaybethemostinfluentialiconofAmericancultureinthelatetwentiethcentury.

(1).Sheattractedlittlegirlsbecauseofheradult-likefeatures.Beforethis,childrenlookedattoyslikeYogiBear,HowdyDoody,andbabydollsforinspiration.Withthecreationof»Barbie,girlsnowhadanewtoytostimulatetheirimaginations.

Inthe1950smostwomenstayedathome,cooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirchildren;theydidn'tparadearoundintightlittleskirtsandhighheels.TheBarbiedollrepresentedindependenceandglamourshecouldsingsolosinthespotlightoneminuteandpilotanairplanethenext.ShewasexcitingandcompletelydifferentfromtheclingingBetsyWestsysandChattyCathysthatlittlegirlswereusedto.

InForeverBarbie:theUnauthorizedBiographyofaRealDoll,MG.LordtellsthestoryofBarbie'screators.RuthHandler,theyoungestoftensiblings(同胞),workedasastenographerforParamountPicturesasayoungwoman.HerhusbandElliottdesignedlightfixturesandstudiedart.

(2).TheHandlersbeganthefactoryintheirgaragebutquicklyexpandeduntiltheyhadhiredahundredworkerswhomadejewelryanddecorativeitems.WorldWarIIshortagesoflaborsoonputthemoutofbusiness.

Despitetheirfirstfailure,theHandlersdidn'tgiveupand,in1945,theyjoinedwithHaroldMatson,aform

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