大学综合英语Unit4 A View of Mountains公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

Unit4TextIAViewofMountainsNucleartechnology

Thereisagreatdealofpublicconcernaboutitsdangersandpossibleimplications.Therefore,everyapplicationofnucleartechnologyisreviewedwithcare.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutnucleartechnology?NucleartechnologyNucleartechnologyistechnologythatinvolvesthereactionsofatomicnuclei.Ithasfoundapplicationsfromsmokedetectorstonuclearreactors,andfromgunsightstonuclearweapons.Pre-readingquestions1.Somepeoplethinkpossessingnuclearweaponsthreatenstheexistenceofmankindothersthinkitservesasgooddeterrencetopreventcountriesfromgoingtowar.Areyoufororagainst

nuclearweapons?Why?2.Doyouthinknuclearenergyisasafeandeconomicalsourceofenergy?Explain.3.Wouldyouliveinaplacethathasanuclearpowerplantnearby?Givereasons.TheProsandConsofNuclearEnergyAdvantages:1.Reductioninairpollution:acoal-fireplantreleasesmuchmoreradioactivity,co2andotherelementsintotheatmospherethanaproperly-functioningnuclearpowerplantdoes.Nuclearenergyisextremelycleanandnotpoisonous;2.Medicalapplication:nucleartechniquesforthediagnosisofmanydiseases,suchasleishmaniasis,Chagasdisease,iodinedeficiencies,andsicklecelldiseases.Disadvantages:Miningandpurifyinguraniumhasnotbeenaverycleanprocess;Improperlyfunctioningnuclearpowerplantscancreatebigproblems,liketheChernobyldisaster.Chernobylscatteredtonsofradioactivedustintotheatmosphere.(切尔诺贝利在1986年因核事故而被废弃)Transportingnuclearfueltoandfromplantsposessomerisk.切尔诺贝利在1986年因核事故而被废弃Chernobyldisaster1986年4月26日凌晨1点23分，在乌克兰基辅州普里皮亚特发生，是历史上最严重核能发电厂意外事故。因为切尔诺贝利发电厂没有保护掩体，造成受到核辐射尘污染云层飘往前苏联西部部分地域、西欧、东欧、斯堪地那维亚半岛、不列颠群岛和北美东部部分地域。另外，在乌克兰、白俄罗斯及俄罗斯境内遭受到严重核污染，超出336,000名居民被迫撤离。依据前苏联官方汇报，约60%受到辐射尘污染地域皆位于白俄罗斯境内，但依据TORCH汇报指出，半数辐射尘都落在前述三个前苏联国家以外。这次灾难所释放出辐射线剂量是投在广岛原子弹400倍以上。

BackgroundInformationofthetest1.aboutthetextThistextistheepiloguefromJonathanSchell’sbookTheGiftofTime:TheCauseforAbolishingNuclear

weapons

NowpublishedbyHenryHolt&Co.in1998.2.abouttheauthor

JonathanSchell

istheauthorofTheVillageofBenSueandTheFateoftheEarth.HewasawriterfortheNewYorkerfrom1967to1987andacolumnistforNewsdayfrom1990to1996.HeteachesatWesleyanUniversityandtheNewSchool,andistheHaroldWillensPeaceFellowatTheNationInstitute.3.TheNagasakiisacitywhichistheseaportinsouthwestJapan(长崎)andisonethetwocitiesthatgotnuclearbombingintheWarII.4.TheHiroshima

isacitywhichistheseaportinsouthwestJapan(广岛)andistheothercitythatgotnuclearbombingintheWarII.5.TheKokurareferstoaseaportinKitakyushu(九洲),Japan(小仓).Culturalnotes:JappropernamesRegularincertainsense姓名用汉字时，姓前名后：山端庸介姓名用字母时，姓后名前：YosukeYamahata（这是明治维新之后日本人脱亚入欧做法之一）姓名、地名中汉字，现有训读（Kun’yomi,orsemanticborrowing），又有音读，不规则地方不少，因为存在“一对多”或“多对一”现象。LearnsomerulesYōsuke=Yō（庸）+suke（介）庸是音读（on’yomi），而介是训读RyūnosukeAkutagawa（芥川龙之介）Ryū=龙，no=之，suke=介Akuta=芥，gawa<kawa=川YosukeYamahata山端庸介MostwidelyheldworksaboutYōsukeYamahataSarinagara:romanbyPhilippeForest(Book)NagasakijourneythephotographsofYosukeYamahata:aphotographyexhibitiontouringinternationally1995-1996Languageworkdispatch:(formal)tosendsomeoneorsth.somewhereforaparticularpurpose；tosendofftoadestinationAreporterwasdispatchedtoNaplestocovertheriot.美国朋友们给他寄去了好几包裹食品。Parcelsoffoodwere~edtohimbyA….政府正准备派出4000士兵对全岛进行搜索。Thegov.waspreparingto~4,000s….constitute:1)compose;form.bethecomponetsoressenceof;makeupform组成，组成e,g.Meat，milk，vegetables，fruitandstarchesconstituteabalanceddiet.肉类、牛奶、蔬菜、水果以及淀粉质食物组成了均衡饮食。Nitrogenconstitutes78%oftheearth’satmostphere.2)beequaltoItisuptotheteachertodecidewhatconstitutessatisfactorywork.constitute为正式用语，意为“若干部分组成一个整体”，普通不用于被动语态，如:54cardsconstituteapack.54张卡片组成一副纸牌。compose意为“一个整体由若干部分组成或由哪些要素组成”，惯用短语为becomposedof，如:Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.水是由氢和氧组成。comprise也为正式用语，不但有“整体由若干部分组成”意思，也不用于被动语态，如:Thebookcomprisestenchapters.这本书有十章。Studyinganddoingexperiments___practicallythewholeofhislife.研究和做试验几乎就是他生活全部内容。

brandv.markwithhotiron;impressfirmly打烙印;铭记，铭刻Imageryofthewarhasbrandeditselfintothenationalconsciousness.战争印象深深地铭刻在人民脑海里。(点拔)①其宾语后面接介词as,意为“指为;使显得”，如:Theybrandedhimasaliar.他们指他为说谎者。Herhairstylebrandedherasoldfashioned.她发型使她显得守旧。②其宾语后面接介词on，意为“铭记，如:Brandthelessononyourmind.切记这个教训。

survive

v.remainaliveorinexistence;livelongerthan;outlive活着，继续存在;比…活得长Hewastheonlypassengerthatsurvivedtheplanecrash.他是这次飞机失事中惟一幸存乘客。（点拨）意为“比某人多活……年”时，介词用by，如:她比他丈夫多活了十年。Sact

adj.remainingsound,entire,oruninjured;notimpairedinanyway完好无损Hecanscarcelysurvivethisscandalwithhisreputationintact．他经此丑闻声誉极难不受损。(点拨)通常只作表语或宾语补足语，如：Thevasehedroppedremainedintact.他掉下来那个花瓶完整无损。keepourfriendshipintact让我们情谊不受损害。apprehendv.graspmentally;understand了解，担心(释例)AtlastIapprehendedhismeaning．最终，我了解了他意思。apprehend,comprehend,understand，grasp都有“了解，领会”意思Apprehend强调心灵接收Comprehend,understand强调对现实和知识把握Comprehend,apprehend都强调完全认识和知识grasp是指紧紧地抓住和保持一个想法spare

v.refrain/preventfromharming,punishingorkilling免于伤害或毁坏Hedidtheworktospareyouthetrouble.Itwillsparehimembarrassmentifyouspeaktohimaboutitinprivate.Canyouspareadollarfor/tometillpayday?Canyousparemeadollartillpayday?你能在发薪之日前借给我一块钱用吗?Theysparedhimfromtheordeal.=Theysparedhimtheordeal.他们免去了时他严峻考验。Thatwillsparehimfromcallsagain.这么就省得他再来造访。ensurev.makesureorcertain使确信或必定;确保Wemusttakemeasurestoensurethatthepoliciesarecarriedouttothefull.我们必须采取办法确保这些政策不折不扣地得到落实执行。(点拨)assure，ensure，insure和guarantee为一组近义词。synonymsassure意为“使……确信，使……放心”，如：Thedoctorassuredherthatherchildwouldrecoversoon.医生让她相信她孩子很快就会痊愈。ensure，意为“确保”，指普通性确保，如:Toensurechild’squickrecovery，thedoctorgavehimanantibiotic.为了使孩子快速恢复，医生给他使用了抗生素。…weensuretheirrighttoexist:…weguaranteeasafelivingenvironmentforthem.ensure用于此义时可与assure通用，但二者搭配不一样，如:ensuresb.sth.或ensuresth.tosb.，ensure+thatclause;assuresb.ofsth.，assuresb.+thatclause。insure通常意为“保险”，多用于人寿保险，如:Theoldladyhasinsuredherlife.这个老太太已经办理了人寿保险中国人寿保险股份有限企业（ChinaLifeInsuranceCompanyLimited）guarantee意为“确保”，指对产品质量、人品质确保，或对负担义务确保,如：Thisclockisguaranteedforoneyear.这个钟保用一年。.…theirbodiesareoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes…:…theirbodiesareoftenmarkedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes…P1Hangover:menace;overshadowP2Thethreatofnuclearwarhangsoverus,wecouldn’tenjoyourvacation.dispel:causetovanishP3Inhislatestnovelheaimstodispelthemyththatrealmendon’tcry.TextStudy

TextAnalysisTextI

AViewofMountainsThisargumentativeessaycomprisesthreeparts:Inthefirstpart（Paragraph1)Inthesecondpart（Paragraphs2-3)Inthelastpart（Paragraph4)StructuralAnalysis

Inthefirstpart,thewriterputsforwardhisthesis:aviewofmountainsinthebackgroundsuggeststherealextenttowhichthecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbomb.

Inthesecondpart,theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshimaandthatweneedtotakeactionstodispelnuclearthreatfromtheEarth.

Inthelastpart,herestateshismainidea,i.e.weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclearperilbuttakeactionstoeliminateittocreateasaferworld.SummaryofthetextOnAugust9,1945,thesecondatomicbombwasdroppedonNagasaki.YosukeYamahatawasd__tothedestroyedcitytotakesomep__.SincenosystematicphotographicrecordwasleftofHiroshima,thefirstcitydestroyedbya__bomb,thepicturesYamahatatookofNagasakibecamethefullestphotographicrecordofnucleard__inexistence.In1995,exactly50yearsafterthebombing,Yamahata’spicturesweree__inNewYork.Theywerepicturesofatotallyd__city,picturesoftheendoftheworld.

However,thes__ofthesepictureswasmorethanonlyarecordofwhathadhappened.Itservesmoreasaw__toeveryone.Itseemstotellusthatthesamethingcouldeasilyhappentoanyplaceaslongastherearenuclearw__inexistence.Thinkingofourfuturegenerations,it’sthegreatestofther__ofthegenerationnowalivetod__nuclearweaponsonceandforall.dispatchedphotographsatomicdestructionexhibiteddestroyedsignificancewarningweaponsresponsibilitiesdispelPartIparagraph1Inpara.1thewriterdescribeswhatYamahata’spicturesdisplay:theeffectsofanuclearweapononhumanbeings.Andthenherepeatsthemainpointofhisargument:thetruemeasureliesnotinthewreckagebutinthegonecity,andthisiswherethesignificanceofaviewofmountainsinthebackgroundofoneofthepictureslies.1.whydoestheauthorthinkthatYamahata’spicturescomposethefullestrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence?2.Whywerethebodiesoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes?3.whydoestheauthorparticularlymention“aviewofmountains”inoneofthepictures?

Questionstobeasked:1)WhydoestheauthorthinkthatYamahata'spicturescomposethefullestrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence? Becausetherewerefewpicturesofthedestructiveconsequencesofthefirstatomicbomb.Incontrast,Yamahata'sphotossystematicallyandtimelyrecordtheeffectsofthesecondbombonNagasaki.2)Whywerethebodiesoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes? Becausethedifferentcolorsofthepatternsabsorblightindifferentdegrees.Thatis,theypermittedthebodytobeheatedbythethermalpulseindifferentdegreesinaccordancewiththecolorsofthepatterns.Thelighterthecolor,thelessburnedthepartofthebody.3)Whydoestheauthorparticularlymention"aviewofmountains"inoneofthepictures?

Becausetheviewofmountainsremindstheviewersofthecitythathadbeenerasedfromearth.Itisinthevanishedcityratherthaninthewreckagethatthesignificanceoftheeventlies./phtml

Thethreemostimpressivephotos2.ItwasthereforelefttoYamahatatorecord,methodically---and,asithappens,withagreatandsimpleartistry---theeffectsonahumanpopulationofanuclearweapononlyhoursafterithasbeenused:本句话可了解为：Withskillfulandartistictechniques,Yamahatatooktheresponsibilitytorecordthecalamityagainsthumanbeingproducedbynuclearweaponwithinafewhoursaftertheexplosion.3.Athirdshowsagirlwhohassomehowsurvivedunwoundedstandingintheopenmouthofabombshelterandsmilinganunearthlysmile,shockinguswiththesightofordinarylife,whichseemstohavebeenleftbehindforgoodinthesceneswearewitnessing.本句话可了解为：Inthethirdpicture,agirlescapingfromthecalamityintactly,standsintheentranceofabomeshelterandsmilesghostly/strangeandunnatural.Wewereknockedbackbywitnessingordinarypeople'stragedycausedbynuclearweaponandtheseterriblesceneswerebrandedinourmindsforever.PartIIParagraphs2-3Inthispart,thewriterfirstclaimsthatthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenucleardangermenacingtheworld;thenhearguesthatweshouldnotjustapprehendthenuclearperilbuttrytodispelitfromtheearth.Forthispurpose,hemaintainsthatpicturetakingisnotenoughandactioniscalledfor.PartIIparagraph2-3Thefollowingquestionscanbeconsidered:1.WhyisthemeaningofYamahata’spictureuniversal?

2.WhyhasNagasakialwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima?3.DoyouagreewiththeauthorwhenhesaysthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenuclearperil?Whyorwhynot?4.Whatshouldwedoinadditiontoapprehendingthenuclearperil?5.Whatdoweneedtomeetthemoreimportantchallengeofeliminatingnuclearweaponry?1)WhyisthemeaningofYamahata'spicturesuniversal?Becausetheyexpressanapprehensionofthenuclearperilthathangsoverus.WhathappenedtoNagasakicouldhappentoanyothercityintheworld.2)WhyhasNagasakialwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima?BecauseHiroshimawasthecityonwhichthefirstatomicbombwasdroppedandithasdrawnalmostalltheattentionoftheworld.Bycontrast,Nagasakihasnearlybeenforgottenasanatomicallydevastatedcity.3)DoyouagreewiththeauthorwhenhesaysthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenuclearperil?Whyorwhynot?

Thisisanopen-endedquestion.Studentswhoanswer"no"havetooffertheirownexplanations;thosewhosay"yes"canfollowthewriter'sreasoning.Firstitistheevidenceofthedangerthatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagain.Second,itshowstheunpredictabilityofnuclearattacks.4)Whatshouldwedoinadditiontoapprehendingthenuclearperil?Inadditiontoapprehendingthenuclearperil,weshouldtrytodispelitcompletelyfromtheearth.Thisisamoresignificantchallenge.5)Whatdoweneedtomeetthemoreimportantchallengeofeliminatingnuclearweaponry?

Weneedactionsratherthanpictures.Nopictureseemsadequateforthispurpose.LanguageWork1.stumble:

walkorgounsteadilyTheroomwasdarkandStannearlyfelloverachairashestumbledtothephone.Havingdrunkhalfabottleofwhiskey,Istumbledupstairsandintobed.2.ruin:devastate,reducetotheremainsTherainabsolutelyruinedourbarbecue.Ifthepressshouldfindoutaboutthis,hismarriage,hisreputation,andhiscareerwouldallberuined.3.glimpse:averybriefpassinglook,sight,orviewIcaughtaglimpseofthedriverofthegetawaycar,butIdoubtIwouldrecognizeherifIsawheragain.Thisbiographyoffersonlyafewglimpsesofhislifebeforehebecamefamous.PartIIIparagraph4Inthispartthewritercallsonustotaketheresponsibilityofcreatingasaferworldfornewgenerations.

Whatshouldwedotoensureasaferworldforthefuturegenerations?Thisisanopen-endedquestion.Accordingtothetext,oneofthethingsweshoulddoismakeeffortstobanishnuclearperilfromtheEarthforever.However,thereareotherthingstobeconsidered.Forinstance,theissueofpollutionandenvironmentprotection,thedevelopmentandapplicationofhightechnologyincludingcloningandnuclearenergy,andtheissueofterrorism.Wordusagetechnicallyspeaking:

从技术角度来说Technicallyspeaking,theinventionofcarisasimportantasanyinventionsinmoderntime.(从技术角度来说，汽车创造与当代社会任何一项创造都同等主要。)类似于表示结构，如：generallyspeaking（总来说，普通地来说）;honestly/franklyspeaking(坦率地说，老实说)personallyspeaking(就个人来说，就自己而言)plainlyspeaking(坦率地说)properlyspeaking(确切地说)roughlyspeaking(粗略地说)strictlyspeaking(严格来说)StructuralanalysisWhatmakescleartheauthor'sopinionaboutthemeaningofYamahata’spicturesisthesentencethatappearsattheendofthefirstpara.Whatmakescleartheauthor'sopiniononwhatshouldbedoneabouttheexistingnuclearperilisthesentencethatappearsinthemiddleofthelastparagraph:Performingthatactisthegreatestoftheresponsibilitiesofthegenerationsnowalive.RhetoricalfeaturesApartfromthetwosentencesthathavebeenalreadymentioned,wecanfindthefollowingsentenceswiththe“AbutB”structureinthetext:Thetruemeasureoftheeventliesnotinwhatremainsbutinallthathasdisappeared.(Para1)…thechallengeisnotjusttoapprehendthenuclearperilbuttoseizeaGod-givenopportunitytodispelitonceandforall…(para3)Apartfromthe“AbutB”sentencestructure,wecanalsofindthe“AyetB”type:NagasakihasalwaysbeeninshadowofHiroshima…yetthebombingofNagasakiisincertainrespectsthefittersymbolofthenucleardangerthatstillhangsoverus.(para2)Yamahata’spicturesaffordaglimpseoftheendoftheworld.Yetinourday…(para3)Andwecanfindasentencethatorganizesinformationinasimilarwaywithouttheuseoftheconjunctionbutoryet:Arrivingahalf-centurylate,theyarestillnews.(para2)Byadmittingsomethingiscorrectfirstandthensayingsomethingelseisevenmorecorrect,oradmittingsomethingisurgentfirstandthensayingsomethingelseismoreurgentwiththehelportheabove-mentionedsentencestructures,theauthorsucceedsinmakinghissentenceswellbalancedandhisargumentationforcefulandconvincing.

IV.ClassCheck1.He_____hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.A)scrappedB)screwedC)scrapedD)scratched2.E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthatwell_____tohumanneeds.A)satisfiesB)conformsC)adheresD)reflects3.Whensupplyexceedsdemandforanyproduct,pricesare_____tofall.A)timelyB)subjectC)simultaneousD)liable4.An_____degreewasconferredonthedistinguishedprofessor.

A)honestB)honoredC)honoraryD)honorificDBDCKeytosomeoftheExercises(inStudent’sBook)IV.Paraphrase1.

TheresponsibilitywasthereforeplacedonYamahata'sshoulderstorecordtheeffectssystematicallyandincidentallywithagreatandsimpleartistry.2.Thatvanishedcityratherthanitsremainsrepresentsthetruemeasureoftheevent.3.InthephotographsNagasakiregainsitsownstatus.4....thehumanimaginationhadbeenexhaustedandstoppedatthewreckageofthefirstruinedcityandfailedtoreacheventheoutskirtsofNagasaki.5....apartfromthepicturesofNagasakiweseemtoneedsomeotherpicturetoinspireahopeoflifetocounterbalancethesenseofdoomsuggestedbytheruinedNagasaki...V.Makesentences:1.Ittookherayeartofindthis

Englishnovel,butittookheronlythreedaystofinishreadingit.2.I'llcomeonlyifyoupromisemethatyouwon'tinviteHenry.Gaseslikehydrogenorcoal-gasorpetrolvaporareperfectlysafe

onlyiftheyarenotmixedwithair.

1.

willcometohisown2.isbrandedwith3.forgood永久，永远4.layinfeudalsystem5.Incertainrespects6.cameintoexistence7.outskirts8.onceandforall彻底地1.existencetheologian神学者2.survivalnavigationtechniques3.unearthlylandscapevirtualoppositestereotypelush苍翠繁茂4.wreckedcompartmentblowtorch喷灯5.exhaustiveinvestigation彻底调查6.apprehensive7.continuation8.Accuracy

CABADBCA1.save/relieve/refrain2.danger/risk/jeopardyjeopardize3.incomplete/injured/impaired4.supernatural/mysterious/weird5.omnipresent/ubiquitous6.slip/stagger/flounder挣扎着前进7.individual/personal8.particular/odd/queer

securitycalculatedeffectiveincreased/highernotoftenfoundperspectiv