焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求市公开课一等奖省赛课获奖课件

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求焊接技术培训之焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第1页AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求内容A课程培训概述（Preface）

B

内容(Content)

1.标准范围（Scope）2.材料（Material）

3.焊接工艺和焊工评定（QualificationofWPSandwelder）4.建造（ConstructionandFabrication）

焊接技术培训焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第2页A.课程培训概述

经过此次培训，让各位了解AWSD1.1和EEMUA158:1994标准基本内容，了解两标准中一些重点要求及其不一样。了解建造过程中相关要求，以免违反标准和工艺文件要求。降低船东、船检Comments、投诉等，提升产品质量，加紧报验过程，在建造和检验过程中，降低因不了解EEMUA158标准中要求而出现无须要问题和麻烦。焊接技术培训焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第3页1.标准范围（Scope）AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求AWSD1.1

Thiscodecontainstherequirementsforfabricatinganderectingweldedsteelstructures.Whenthiscodeisstipulatedincontractdocuments,conformancewithallprovisionsofthecodeshallberequired,exceptforthoseprovisionsthattheEngineer(see1.4.1)orcontractdocumentsspecificallymodifiesorexempts.EEMUA158:1994ThisSpecificationdefinesthebasicrequirementsforthefabricationworkonprimarystructuresofoffshoreinstallations.Thesewillnormallyinclude,butnotbelimitedto,thefollowing:jacketstructureincludingnodes,cones,braces,legsandconductorframingpilesandfollowersJ-tubesandcaissonsriserclampsflotationtanksandbuoyancytubesmodulesupportframeincludingnodes,cones,braces,padears,moduleframingincludingnodes,columns,fabricatedbeamsandpadears.Flareboomhelideck-whenconstructedofsteelanyotherareasdesignated‘primary’ontheDrawings.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第4页2.Material

材料AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求AWSD1.1-/Clause3PrequalificationofWPSs按材料等级和强度进行了分类。而EEMUA1581994section3简单讲述了，焊材、钢板等材料替换、储存、标识、发放等。EEMUA158:1994中要求，生产中所用母材供货状态必须与材料评定试验中所用母材有相同供货状态。

焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第5页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求AWSD1.1-/Section4QulificationPartB对焊评做了详细要求和要求。PartC对焊工资质考试做了相关要求和要求。而EEMUA158：1994section4Qualificationofweldingproceduresandpersonnel在焊接工艺评定中对一些主要变素进行了比AWSD1.1更为严格要求。在NDTandmechanicaltesting要求上也有不一样。其中，对CTOD试验，进行了详细说明。

焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第6页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables现场生产中，若与4.5.1到4.5.5中要求不一样，要重新做评定试验。以下是选一些要求，建造过程中需要注意，并严格按同意适用WPS执行。4.5.1MaterialsRelatedVariables(f)Ifflame-cutweldbevelsarenotgroundtobrightmetal.火焰切割喉焊缝坡口面没有打磨至光亮金属。(g)Ifaprotectivefinishappliedtotheweldbevelischanged.假如坡口采取保护漆被更换。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第7页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.3RestrictionsonWeldingPractices(b)SMAWbeadwidthsexceedingthelesserof16mmorfourtimesthecorewirediameter.焊条电弧焊根部打底焊道宽度我们要求8mm以内。(h)SSFCAWandGSFCAWforheatinputsexceeding1.5kJ/mmexceptforvertical-uprootpasses.药芯气体保护焊（气体保护和自保护）热输入除根部立焊焊道，不得超1.5kJ/mm。所以立焊时，要控制焊道宽度不得超宽(WPS要求小于17mm)。还要控制好焊接参数哦。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第8页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.3RestrictionsonWeldingPractices(o)Includedanglesofbevelledweldsbelow45degrees(exceptascoveredby4.5.2(g)).斜面焊缝接头坡口角度不得小于45°（除已经评定小角度外）(p)Includedanglesbelow60degreesforclosingweldsintubularsabove40mmthick.40mm以上板厚管道上密封焊接接头坡口角度不得小于60°。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第9页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.3RestrictionsonWeldingPractices(S)Maximuminterpasstemperatureexceeding250°C.(T)Single-passfilletwelds(otherthanbySAW)withadesignleglengthgreaterthan6mm.单道角焊缝大于6mm，重评。(V)Useofbackingstrips.(U)Useofceramicinserts.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第10页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.2WeldGeometryRelatedVariables(f)Iftheshapeoftheweldpreparationchanges,exceptthat:asinglebevelqualifiesasingleV;KqualifiesX;and2:1and1:1preparationsqualifyeachotherandallintermediategeometries.坡口覆盖。按WPS选取。1/2V只能支持1/2V或V型坡口；K型只能支持K和X型坡口。(g)IftheincludedangleofthegrooveislessthanthevaluetestedandqualifiedbytheWPS.Acuteanglesinstubtobarrelwelds,wheretheincludedangleislessthan45°,arequalifiedbythetestin4.4.2.3(b).

角度大于WPS中要求。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第11页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.2WeldGeometryRelatedVariables(h)Forsingle-sidedwelds:iftherootfaceismorethan0.5mmaboveor1.5mmbelowthatqualified,oriftherootgapismorethan3.0mmaboveor0.5mmbelowthatqualified.单边坡口：根部钝边公差f(+0.5,-1.5);根部间隙公差R(+3,-1.5);(i)Fordouble-sidedwelds:iftherootfaceismorethan2mmaboveorbelowthatqualifiedoriftherootgapexceeds6mm.双边坡口：根部钝边公差f(+2,2);根部间隙公差R(≤6);

AWSD1.1中f(+2,-2);R(+3,-2);α（+10°，-5°）焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第12页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.2WeldGeometryRelatedVariables(j)Forfilletwelds,anyincreaseinrootgap.角焊缝，不得增加根部间隙。However,formultipassfilletweldsanyrootgapshallbecompensatedforbyacorrespondingincreaseinfilletleglengthuptoamaximumof6mm.除非多道角焊缝要深熔，间隙增加，焊脚应加大对应增加。增量最大不超出6mm.Forsingle-passfilletweldstherootgapshallbelimitedto3mmmaximum,andtheweldleglengthshallbeincreasedbythesameamount.单道角焊缝根部间隙最大不超出3mm.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第13页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.2WeldGeometryRelatedVariables(k)Ifthejointmisalignmentontubularsandskidbeamsexceedsthefollowing:在管子和梁焊接接头中：-fordouble-sidedjoints:thesmallerof6mmor10%ofthejointthickness,exceptthata2mmmisalignmentispermittedregardlessofthickness双面坡口焊缝：最大6mm或0.1T，取较小者。允许错边2mm以内时，能够不考虑板厚。-forsingle-sidedjoints:thesmallerof3mmor10%ofthejointthickness,

exceptthata2mmmisalignmentispermittedregardlessofthickness.单面坡口焊缝：最大3mm或0.1T，取较小者。允许错边2mm以内时，能够不考虑板厚。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第14页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.2WeldGeometryRelatedVariables(k)Ifthejointmisalignmentonsectionsotherthanthosein(k)exceedsthesmallerof5mmor12%ofthejointthickness,exceptthata2mmmisalignmentispermittedregardlessofthickness.除了（k）中接头形式，在型材对接接头中，最大5mm或12%T，取较小者。允许错边2mm以内时，能够不考虑板厚。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第15页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.3ConsurnablesandEquipmentVariables(e)IfthecorediameterofaSMAWelectrodeusedforthecappingpassesisreduced.用于盖面焊条直径大小不能降低，WPS要求多少就是多少。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第16页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.4ProceduralVariables(a)Iftheweldingprocessusedforanypartoftheweld(i.e.root,secondpass,fillorcap)ischanged.焊缝分根部焊道，第二道，填充焊道，盖面焊道，每层每到要按WPS来。(g)Ifthefirstsidetobeweldedinanunequaldouble-sidedpreparation(oroneusingdifferentconsumablesoneitherside)ischanged.焊接次序：双面不等边坡口，先焊大坡口侧，还是小坡口侧，要按WPS来。（两侧用什么焊材，是不是相同等等，不能用错）焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第17页3.QualificationofWPSandwelder接工艺和焊工评定AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求EEMUA158：1994Section44.5EssentialVariables4.5.4ProceduralVariables对打磨和碳刨要求也比AWSD1.1严格。(c)Ifgrindingbetweenpassesisomittedorifback-gougingisomitted.(d)Ifthedepthofback-gouging/grindingisreduced.(e)Ifthedepthofback-gouging/grindingisincreasedtomorethan10mm.(f)Ifthebackweldingusedinqualificationisomitted.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第18页4.constructionandFabrication建造AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求AWSD1.1-/Clause5中对以下方面给予了要求：Basematal/Weldingcosumablesandelectrodesrequirement/WPSVariables/PreheatandinterpassTemperatures/HeatinputcontrolforQuenchedandtemperatures/Stress-reliefheatTreatment/Backing,backingGasorinserts/Backing/WeldingandCuttingEquipment/WeldingEnvironment/Minimumfilletweldsize/Preparationofbasematel/Reentrantcorners/WeldAccessholes,Beamcopes,andConnectionmaterial/Tackweldandconstructionaids/焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第19页4.constructionandFabtication建造AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求AWSD1.1-/Clause5Camberinbulit-upMembers/SpliceinCylicallyloadedStructures/Controlofdistortionandshinkage/Toleranceofjointdimensions/Dimensionaltoleranceofweldedstructionmembers/Weldprofiles/Repairs/Peening/Arcstrikes/Weldcleaning/EEMUA158:1994Clause5整个章节都要了解。因为这里对TKY结构要求比AWS更为详细。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第20页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.4DesignofWeldedConnectionsWherepoint-to-pointconstructionisemployed,considerationshallbegiventothepossibleeffectsofthismethodofconstructiononrootquality.

焊接时，要注意根部焊道质量。ConsiderationshallalsobegiventothepracticalityofperformingNDTintherootregionofsuchjoints,togetherwithappropriateacceptancecriteria.对这种接头，要考虑根部区域做NDT实际性。WheretheuseofanasymmetricsinglebevelorKpreparationisproposed,considerationshallbegiventoaccessforeffectiveultrasonictesting.

采取不对称单边坡口或K形破口设计时，要考虑使用UT有效性。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第21页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.5FormingTheformingofT-sectionsintoflangedringstiffenersofanydiameterwillrequiremechanicaltests(todemonstratethatthepropertiesrequiredbythepurchasespecificationaremaintainedaftertrialforming)tojustifyacceptance,regardlessoftheproposeddiameter.T型材加工成环状加强筋，不论直径大小，都要做力学性能试验。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第22页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.5FormingIfhotstraighteningisproposed,thetemperatureshallnotexceed500°CunlessotherwiseapprovedbythePurchaser.Theselimitsalsoapplytore-rollingofcansafterweldingtorestoreshapetowithintolerancelimits.Acceptanceofwedgesorothertechniquestoassistrollingwillbesubjecttothevisualacceptabilityoftheproductandtoacceptablemechanicaltestresultsfromregionsofmaximumstrain.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第23页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.6EdgePreparationPlatesortubularsshallbepreparedbymachining,orbyflamecuttingfollowedbygrindingtobrightmetal.IftheContractorsuccessfullyqualifiesallweldingproceduresusingmaterialswhichhavenotbeengroundafterflamecutting,thePurchasermayconsiderrelaxingthisrequirementforedgestobewelded.普通坡口都要打磨至金属原色。假如承包商成功地使用没有打磨切割面板材做出了焊评，业主能够考虑放宽这条要求。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第24页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.6EdgePreparationSurfacestobeweldedshallbevisuallyexaminedtoensurefreedomfromlaminations,cracks,slaginclusionsandcuttingnotches.Anysuchdefectsobservedshallbedressedoutbygrinding.

Ifthedepthofexcavationexceeds5mm,aweldrepairshallbemadeusinganApprovedWPS.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第25页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.6EdgePreparationThesurfaceofthesteelwithin75mmoftheproposedweldshallbedry,cleanandfreefromloosescaleorpaint(exceptthattheuseofaprotectiveprimermaybequalifiedbyuseinallweldingprocedurequalificationtests).

而AWS要求打磨坡口边缘最少20mm。Flamecutedgeswhicharenotsubsequentlyweldedshallbegroundsmoothtoremovenicksandburrs,Theuseofflamegougingor‘washing’isnotpermitted.不准用割刀熔削，不准烊坡口面。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第26页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.7AlignmentandFit-upofWeldedJointsForanythroughmemberwhosethicknessexceeds25mm,theportionwhichwilllieunder,orwithin50mmof,aT-buttweld(orafilletweldwithleglengthexceeding20mm)shallbeexaminedbyultrasonictestinginaccordancewithBS5996.穿插件厚度超出25mm，位于T型接头下面50mm以内（或角焊缝焊脚超出20mm），要做UT，检验材料内部缺点。WherelowsulphursteelswithguaranteedZdirectionpropertiesareused,thisexaminationisnotrequired.Weldpreparationtolerancesshallcomplywith,andmisalignmentatbuttweldsshallnotexceed,thevaluesgivenin4.5.2.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第27页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.7AlignmentandFit-upofWeldedJointsSingle-sidedclosurebuttweldrootgapsof12mmmaximumupto150mminlengtharepermittedevenifthisexceedsthetoleranceonthebasicweldingprocedure.单面对接焊允许150mm长度内最大12mm根部间隙，即使不符合基本焊接程序对公差要求。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第28页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.7AlignmentandFit-upofWeldedJointsWhererootgapsareoutoftolerance,exceptaspermittedabove,thejointshallbedismantledtopermitlocalgrinding,orbutteringfollowedbygrinding,backtotherequiredprofile.

Thedepthofbutteringonanymembershallnotexceed15mm.

Alternativelytherequirementsof4.4.2.3(c)and4.6.3(c)maybeapplied.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第29页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.7AlignmentandFit-upofWeldedJoints定位点焊接注意事项：Fit-upusingclampsorotherfabricationaidsmaybeusedwhereappropriate.Whentackweldsarenecessarytheyshallbeatleast50mmlongandshallconsistofatleasttwopassesofsufficientcrosssectionalareatoresistrestraintcracking.

焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第30页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.7AlignmentandFit-upofWeldedJoints

定位点焊接注意事项：Thepreheatshallnotbelessthanforweldingthejoint.Tackweldswhicharetoformpartofthecompletedjointarepermittedfordouble-sidedweldsprovidedtheyarefeatheredatbothends.Forsingle-sidedwelds,mildsteelbarstemporarilyweldedtothefusionfaceofthebevelarepreferredsothattherootpasscanbedepositedwithminimuminterference.WhenagreedwiththePurchaser,roottackswhicharetoremaininthejointmaybepermittedinsingle-sidedweldsiftheendsarefeathered.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第31页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.8Rat-holes,PenetrationsandCut-outsRat-holespenetrations,andothercut-outsshallbeavoidedwhereverpossible.Whereconsideredessential,andtheiruseapprovedbythePurchaser(orwhendirectedbytheDrawings),thefollowingshallapply:(a)Permanentrat-holesshallbecutbyautomaticprocessesandgroundsmoothunlessotherwiseagreedbythePurchaser.

Permanentrat-holesshallhavearadiusof50mmortwicetheplatethicknesswhicheveristhegreater.

Whererat-holesofthesedimensionswouldjeopardisestructuralintegrity,thePurchasermayrequirethemtobelessthan50mmradius.

Filletweldsshallbecontinuedthroughtherat-hole.永久性过焊孔半径为50mm或2T中较大者。角焊缝应连续穿过。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第32页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.8Rat-holes,PenetrationsandCut-outs(b)Temporaryrat-holes(thoseapprovedsubjecttotheirbeingreinstatedorsealed)shallhavearadiusnotlessthantwicetheplatethicknessandshallbereinstatedtoanapprovedprocedure.

Fillingwithweldmetalisnotpermitted.暂时性过焊孔半径大于厚度2倍。（R≥2T）。不允许填充。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第33页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.2PreparationandAssembly5.2.8Rat-holes,PenetrationsandCut-outs(c)Theradiusofanyapprovedcut-outsotherthanrat-holesshallnotbelessthan100mm.Wherenecessary,theareashallbecheckedbyUTbeforecuttingtoensurethatnocutismadewithin300mmofinternalstiffeners.Theoriginalplateshallbeclearlymarkedandshallbeweldedbackintothecut-out,unlessotherproposalsareapprovedbythepurchaser.挖孔（不含过焊孔）半径大于100mm.必要时，切割前还要做UT，确保内部加强构件300mm以内不准切割。割下来板，应标识好，方便重新装焊。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第34页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.1WeldingEnvironmentAllweldingshallbecarriedoutinconditionswhichpermitsatisfactoryweldingandadequateinspection.Wheneverpossible,weldsshouldbemadeinfabricationshopswithoutdoorweldingbeingrestrictedtofinalerectionortosub-assemblieswhicharetoolargeorheavytobeweldedelsewhere.Nodefabricationshallalwaysbeundertakeninfabricationshops.Outdoorweldingshallbeprotectedfromtheeffectsofadverseweatherbytheuseoftemporaryshelters.Closurejointsshallnotbeweldedifthereiswatertrappedinthememberstobejoined.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第35页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.1WeldingConsumablesandEquipment没AWSD1.1详细。按标准、厂家推荐和以及企业技术程序相关文件执行。一下是对设备要求。1）Weldingequipmentshallbemaintainedingoodworkingorder,andearthconnectionstotheworkpieceshallmakegoodelectricalcontact.2）Regularcalibrationchecksshallbecarriedoutonallequipmenttoanagreedprocedure.3）Forironpowdermeteringsystems,acalibrationcheckshallbemadeeachhalfshiftuntilthePurchaseradvisesotherwise.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第36页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.2PreheatandInterpassTemperatureRequirementsInestablishingtheminimumpermissiblepreheat,theContractorshalluseBS5135.

Theparticulardiagramtobeusedforreference(inFig.4ofthatStandard)shallbeestablishedbyusingthemaximumpermittedCEvalueforthesteeltobewelded,togetherwiththemaximumweldmetalhydrogenlevelguaranteedbythemanufacturer.预热和层间温度依照BS5135。BS5135依据母材组合厚度，碳当量，焊材扩散氢含量，热输入来要求最低预热温度。而AWSD1.1在Table3.2列出最低预热温度和层间温度。附件AnnexI中，有2种预热温度计算方法，从控制硬度和氢含量分别考虑预热温度。依据碳当量，冷裂纹敏感指数，扩散氢含量，拘束度等来考虑预热温度。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第37页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.2PreheatandInterpassTemperatureRequirementsAWSD1.1Table3.2A类材料最低预热和层间温度焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第38页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.2PreheatandInterpassTemperatureRequirementsHavingidentifiedtherelevantdiagram,theminimumcalculatedheatinputforanypasstobeweldedwillgivetheminimumpermissiblepreheatandinterpasstemperatureforanygivencombinedthicknessofmaterial,exceptthatthefollowingadditionalrestrictionsshallapply:(a)aminimumpreheatof150°Cforsubmergedarcweldingwithanymaterialabove100mmthick(b)aminimumpreheatof100°Cforsubmergedarcweldingwithanymaterialabove40mmthick(c)aminimumpreheatof100°Cforweldinganytemporaryattachment.Formultipassfilletweldsinwhichtherootgapexceeds2mm,thepreheatshallberaised50°Cabovethatqualified.Thesamerequirementappliesforallrepairweldsusingthesameprocedureastheoriginalwelduptoamaximumof150°C.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第39页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.2PreheatandInterpassTemperatureRequirementsThewholelengthofthejointtobewelded,and75mmoneachside,shallbepreheatedtotherequiredtemperature.测温范围。Preheatshallbeappliedbyelectricresistanceheatingelementsheldinplacebymagnets.FixedgasburnersorradiantheatingpanelsshallonlybeusedwiththeagreementofthePurchaser.Handheldoxy-propanetorchesshallonlybeusedforweldsshorterthan300mm.InallcasestheContractorshalldemonstratethatthedesign,placementandcontroloftheproposedpreheatingmethodensuresuniformtemperaturedistributionovertheweldpreparationtobepreheated.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第40页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.2PreheatandInterpassTemperatureRequirementsTheContractorshallverifythatthecorrectpreheathasbeenattainedbeforeatackweldorthefirstpassisdeposited.定位焊缝和第一道焊缝，需要确认到达预热温度。Weldersshallbeissuedwithappropriatetemperature-indicatingcrayonsandshallusethemtoensurethattheweldarealiesbetweenminimumandmaximuminterpasstemperaturesbeforedepositingeachpass.利用测温设备，焊工要明确开始焊接每一道焊缝前温度在最低预热温度和最高层间温度之间。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第41页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.2PreheatandInterpassTemperatureRequirementsWherepossible,preheatshouldbeappliedandcheckedonoppositesidesofthemember.尽可能在反面检测测温。

Wherethisisnotpossible,asoaktimeof2minutesper25mmshallbeemployed.加热要求。Inaddition,whenhand-heldoxy-propanetorchesareinuse,theflameshallberemovedfromthesurfacefor60seconds

beforethepreheattemperatureischecked.使用氧气-丙烷气加热时，检测温度要求。火焰离开钢板表面，60秒后测温。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第42页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.4TemporaryandNon-structuralAttachments,AncillariesandMiscellaneousSteelworkTemporaryattachmentsmadedirectlytoprimarystructureshallberemovedbyflamecuttingorgougingatleast3mmfromthebasemetalsurface,thengrindingflushandinspectingbywetMPI.Itispermissibletogrindupto1mmintothebasemetalsurfacetoremoveanyundercutassociatedwiththeattachmentweld.Ifthereisdamagetotheprimarystructureasaresultofflamecuttingorgouging,itshallberectifiedbygrindingfollowedbyrepairwelding,andthecuttingpositionshallbechangedto6mmfromthebasemetalsurface.焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第43页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.4TemporaryandNon-structuralAttachments,AncillariesandMiscellaneousSteelworkThiscategoryincludesbothpermanentattachmentssuchasdoublerplates,andtemporaryattachmentssuchasstrongbacksandliftingeyes.永久垫板。暂时定位板，吊耳。Temporaryattachmentsare,ingeneral,notshownontheDrawings.WhereattachmentsarerequiredonitemswhichwillreceivePWHT,theyshallbeweldedonbeforeheattreatment.应在热处理之前焊接。DoublerplatesshallincorporateventholesirrespectiveofwhetherornotPWHTwillbecarriedout.包含风孔垫板不考虑PWHT。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第44页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.5WeldExecutionAllweldingshallbeundertakenbywelderswhoareapprovedinaccordancewiththisSpecification,usingapprovedWPS.焊工证、焊接工艺。Eachweldershallbeissuedwith,orhavereadyaccessto,acopyoftheapprovedWPSrelatingtothejointtobewelded,andwithtemperature-indicatingcrayonsappropriatetothepreheatandinterpasstemperatures.每个焊工要求发一份相关WPS复印件和一个适用测温枪（测温笔）。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第45页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.5WeldExecutionWhentheContractorhasverifiedthatfit-upandpreheatarewithinpermittedranges,weldingmaybegin.确认装配尺寸和预热温度后，才能够开始焊接。Anyunacceptabletackweldsshallbegroundoutandre-welded.不合格定位焊缝，应打磨掉，重新定位焊接。Eachpassshallbede-slaggedandcleanedup,butpeeningisnotpermitted.每层焊道，应清理药渣，清理洁净，不允许敲击。（AWSD1.1除打底和盖面外允许）Thearcshallbestruckonlyonexistingweldmetalorontothefusionfacesofthepreparation.Back-gougingfollowedbygrindingshallbedoneinaccordancewithanapprovedproceduretoproduceanacceptableprofileforfurtherwelddeposition.碳刨反面坡口，成型要有利于焊接。焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第46页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.5WeldExecutionWeldersdepositingtherootpassinsingle-sidedwelds,orthecappassesinanyweld,shallpaint-marktheirnumberbesidethelengthofweldtheyhavemade.OtherweldersworkingoneachjointshallberecordedbytheContractorforpossiblefuturereference.焊工标识与追溯。Apartfromminorcosmeticgrinding,thecapshallnotbedressedunlessspecifiedbythePurchaser.焊缝盖面焊道只允许少许修饰打磨。（飞溅、接头等）焊接技术培训awsd与eemua不同要求第47页4.constructionandFabtication建造EEMUA158

AWSD1.1&EEMUA158不一样要求5.3ControlofProductionWelding5.3.5WeldExecutionTheContractorshallmakesingle-sidedclosureweldsavailableforfit-upinspectionbythePurchaser.Ifthisandthepreheataresatisfactory,weldingmaybegin.

Therootandfirstfillpassesshallbedeposited,leavingtwodiametricallyoppositewindows(atpositionstobeagreedwiththePurchaser)topermitvisualinspection.Preheatshallbemaintainedduringthisinspection.Ifitisagreedthatnodefectscanbeseen,thewindowsshallbeweldedupandthejointfillingcontinuedu