2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号23

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

世界银行预计，美元将在2025年丧失单一统治地位，而欧元与人民币将在一个“多种货币并存”的新型货币体系中确立平起平坐的地位。

失去这种转变的将是新兴市场经济体日益增强的实力与优势，其中有6个国家——巴西、印度、中国、印尼、俄罗斯和韩国一将在2025年占据全球增长总量一半以上。根据世行周二发布的一份报告，从现在起至2025年，新兴经济体将以每年4.7%的速度增长，远远快于同期发达经济体2.3%的年增速。“全球增长与投资的天平将向发展中或新兴经济体倾斜，”报告主要作者曼苏尔.戴拉米(MansoorDailami)表示，这种转变意义深远。戴拉米称，例如，这种实力转移将大力推动投资流入驱动全球増长的国家，跨境并购活动将显著增加。

企业界的格局也将发生变化一“你会看到老牌跨国企业将不再占据统治地位。”

此外，一种不同的国际货币体系将逐渐形成。美元作为世界主要储备货币的地位将告终。“美元当前的主导地位将在2025年前消失，被一种以美元、欧元和人民币为中心的货币体系所取代，这三种货币都将发挥成熟国际货币的作用，报告指出。报告还介绍了15年后货币市场“最可能”出现的三种情形。报告认为欧元是美元最“可信”的对手，但有一个问题需要留意。“欧元的地位必将增强，只要欧元能够成功化解多个成员国目前面临的主权债务危机，并能够避免与欧洲成员国相关的道德风险问题。”

对于中国，报告指出，官方通过发展离岸人民币市场和鼓励人民币在国际贸易结算和计价中的使用，已经启动了人民币的“国际化”进程。“人民币角色的提升，将有助于解决中国在全球舞台上的强大经济实力和中国仍严重依赖外国货币这两者之间的脱节。”世行首席经济学家林毅表示，世行描绘出的情形意味着金融机构必须“尽快适应，跟上形势。”

【答案】TheWorldBankpredictsthedollarwillloseasingledominantpositionin2025,whiletheeuroandtheRMBwillestablishanequalfootingpositioninanew“multicurrency”monetarysystem.

Itwillbetheincreasingstrengthandadvantageofemergingeconomythatlossthiskindofshift,including6countries—Brazil,India,China,Indonesia,RussiaandKoreain2025willoccupymorethanhalfofthetotalglobalgrowth.AccordingtoaWorldBankreportreleasedTuesday,fromnowuntil2025,emergingeconomieswillincreasebytherateof4.7%,ismuchfasterthandevelopedeconomyatthesameperiodwhoseannualgrowthrateis2.3%.“Thebalanceofglobalgrowthandinvestmentwillinclinetodevelopingoremergingeconomies”theauthorsofthereport,MansoorDailamisaidthatthesignificanceofthischangeisprofound.Dailamisaid,forexample,thisshiftinpowerwillvigorouslypromoteinvestmentflowstothecountriesdrivingglobalgrowth,cross-bordermergersandacquisitionswillincreasesignificantly.Thecorporatelandscapewillchangeand“youwillseethefamousmultinationalenterpriseswillnolongeroccupythedominantposition.”

Inaddition,adifferentinternationalmonetarysystemwillbegraduallyformed.Thedollarastheworld'smainreservecurrencywillend.“Thedominanceofthedollarwilldisappearin2025,beingreplacedbytheDollar,EuroandRMBasthecenterofthemonetarysystem,thisthreekindsofcurrencywillallplayamatureinternationalcurrencyrole,suggestedbythereport.Thereportalsopointedoutthree“mostlikely”kindsofsituationsoncurrencymarketsin15years.Thereportsaysthattheeurowillbethemost“credible”opponentsofdollar,butthereisaproblemneedingattention.“Aslongastheeurocansuccessfullyresolvethemaindebtcrisisencounteredbymultiplemembers,andavoidthemoralhazardproblemassociatedwiththeEuropeanmembers,itsstatuscanbestrengthened”.

ForChina,thereportpointedoutthatofficialhaslaunchedthe“internationalization”oftheprocessofRMBthroughexploringtheoffshoreRMBmarketandencouragingtheuseofRMBininternationaltradesettlementandvaluation.“ThepromotionoftheroleofRMBwouldhelpsolvethediscrepancybetweenChina’sstrongeconomicstrengthintheworldstageandthehighrelianceontheforeigncurrencies.”theeconomistoftheWorldBankchiefLinYisaidthatthesituationpresentedbytheworldbankmeansthatfinancialinstitutionsmust“adaptassoonaspossible,keepupwiththesituation”.

2.单选题

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“livingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.Wemustalsoenactpositivelegislationthatwillprotectvulnerablepeoplefromthosewhoconsidertheirlivesmeaninglessortoocostlytomaintainandwhowouldcausetheirdeathsbywithholdinglife-sustainingcaresuchasfoodandwater.

1.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

2.Inparagraph3,theauthorfindsstarvationanddehydrationinducedeuthanasiaistobe"moreinsidious"because

（

）.

3.Asusedinparagraph3,whatisthebestsynonymforinsidious?

4.Theauthormaintainsthatdeathbywithholdingcareis

（

）.

5.Asusedinparagraph7,whichisthebestdefinitionofabridged?

6.Themainideaofparagraph7isthat

（

）.

7.Inthefinalparagraphtheauthorwrites,"Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestill

ourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect."Themainpurposeofthisstatementisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.pleading

B.argumentative

C.compassionate

D.emphatic

E.mpathetic

问题2选项

A.euthanasiaislegallyconsideredtobeacriminalact

B.thepublic'sattitudetowardeuthanasiaisbecomingmorepositive

C.itofteninvolvesthosewhocannotprotest

D.thepatienthasaskedtodiewithdignity

E.itsperpetratorsareviewedaskindlycaregivers

问题3选项

A.mischievous

B.treacherous

C.seductive

D.apparent

E.cumulative

问题4选项

A.largelyconfinedtohospitals

B.largelyconfinedtotheterminallyill

C.oftenrequestedbyfamilymembers

D.approvedbylivingwills

E.difficulttoproveifprosecuted

问题5选项

A.trimmed

B.curtailed

C.lengthened

D.extended

E.compressed

问题6选项

A.lawyerswillbeunabletoprosecuteordefendcaregivers

B.nocomprehensiverightorwrongdefinitionofeuthanasiawillexist

C.usingasubjectivestandardwillmakethedecisiontoendanindividual'slifearbitrary

D.noboundarywillexistbetweeneuthanasiaandcareomission

E.‘qualityoflife’willnolongerbeabletoberigidlydefined

问题7选项

A.proveapreviousargument

B.illustrateanexample

C.gainsayalaterstatement

D.objecttoalargeridea

E.justifyanearlierstatement

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重，可知作者的语气是同情的，因此C选项“有同情心的”正确。A选项“恳求的”；B选项“争论的”；D选项“强调的”；E选项“同感的”。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”每年，在全国各地的医院和疗养院里，有越来越多的记录在案的死亡案例是由于护理人员拒绝给予不能为自己说话的病人提供包括食物和水在内的生命维持护理。可知作案者为护理人员，因此A选项“它的作案者被视为仁慈的照顾者”符合题意。

3.词义题。根据文章第三段中“butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”可知这些病人的不是自愿选择安乐死的，而是由护理人员有意为之的。因此A选项“恶意的”符合题意；B选项“骗人的”；C选项“诱惑的，引诱的”；D选项“表面的，可看得到的”E选项“累积的”。

4.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第三段中“Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.”当恢复的可能性很小，且医疗干预只会延长垂死的过程时，就不需要使用“特殊的”或“英勇的”的治疗。但因他或她很老或病得严重而拒绝给予惯常、合理的照顾或故意使其饥饿或脱水却不应该被允许，可知B选项“很大程度上仅限于绝症患者”与作者的主张相符。

5.词义题。根据文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”没有人有权力去断定另一个人的生命是否值得继续，基本生存权不应该被……因为有人认为别人的生活质量太低了。可知“abridge”与生命结束有关，因此B选项“被缩短”符合题意。A选项“被修剪，被整理”；C选项“被加长”；D选项“被延长”；E选项“被压缩”。

6.主旨大意题。根据文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”可知每个人的基本生存权不能由别人认为其生活质量太低而被缩短，因此C选项“使用一个主观标准将让结束一个人的生命的决定变得武断”符合题意”。

7.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.”人们对主动形式的安乐死的赞同看起来令人惊讶，但我们面临着来自被动形式安乐死的更大、更隐蔽的威胁，和最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重。可知作者反对这种被人们接受的观点，因此D选项“反对一种广泛的观点”符合题意。

3.问答题

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】试题答案：C;what

【解析】考查关系代词。that不能充当宾语从句中的主语，分析句子可知从句中缺少主语，因此将that改为what。

4.问答题

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

5.问答题

Toattractcapital,smallbanksarealwayswillingtoraisetheirdepositratestothehigherendof

A

B

thegovernment-setbandtoattractcapital,whilebigplayersusuallykeeptheirratesata

C

D

discountof10percent.

【答案】试题答案：B;upperend

【解析】考查词义。higherend意为“高端”，表示等级、档次等较高的；upperend意为“上端”，

theupperendgovernment-setband此处表示“政府设置的上线值”。

6.问答题

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

7.翻译题

Unemploymentandinflation

Thebest-knownapplicationofrationalexpectationsmodelshasbeentoaninterpretationoftheobservedrelationbetweenunemploymentandinflation.A.W.Phillips(1958)notedanegativerelationbetweentheunemploymentrateandthewageinflationrateintheUnitedKingdombetween1861and1957.AsimilarrelationwasfoundalsointheUnitedStatesformuchofthesamesampleperiod.Sincethen,thenegativerelationhasbrokendown.Lucas(1976)andSargentandWallace(1973)offeredinterpretationsofthePhillipsrelationanditssubsequentbreakdown.Initssimplestterms:thisinterpretationassertsthattheremaybeastablerelationbetweenunemploymentandunexpectedinflation.Unexpectedinflationmaycausejobseekerstomisperceivetherealvalueofwageofferstheyhavereceived,andthustoacceptoffersthattheywouldnothaveacceptediftheyhadknownthetruerealwagetheyweregetting.Byacceptingthesejobs,theylowertheunemploymentrate.IntheperiodPhillipsstudiedthepricelevelmighthavebeenwell-enoughapproximatedbyarandomwalkthatactualinflationmayhaveapproximatelyequaledunexpectedinflation.Sincethen,wheninflationhasbecomemuchmoreseriallycorrelated,actualandexpectedinflationmayhavedivergedwidely.

【答案】失业和通货膨胀

最著名的理性预期模型的应用己经是对观察到的失业率和通货膨胀之间关系的一种解释。A.W.Phniips（1958）指出，在1861年至1957年，联合王国的失业率与工资通货膨胀率之间存在着消极关系。在美国也发现了类似的关系，大部分是相同的样本周期。从那时起，消极的关系已经破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent和Wallace(1973)给出了Phillips关系及其随后破裂的解释。最简单的说法是：这个解释声称，失业和预期外的通货膨胀之间可能存在稳定的关系。预期外的通货膨胀可能导致求职者错估了他们所收到的工资待遇的真实价值，因此才接受了这些工作。如果他们知道真正的实际工资，他们是不会接受的。通过接受这些工作，他们降低了失业率。在这期间，Phillips研究价格水平可能非常的接近随机理论，即实际通货膨胀可能约等于预期外的通货膨胀。从那时起，当通货膨胀变得更错综复杂，实际和预期的通货膨胀可能有广泛的分歧。

8.单选题

Becausetheywereunawareofhisinterestsinthebuilding,theydidnotunderstandwhyhe

AB

feltsobad.

CD

问题1选项

A.unawareof

B.interests

C.felt

D.sobad

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词单复数。interest意为“兴趣”时，为不可数名词。

试题答案：B;interestin

9.单选题

Cigarettesmokehasbeenshowntocontainnumerouscompoundsthatareknowntocause

A

B

cancerinexperimentalanimalsandtheyappeartobestronglylinkedtohumancancer,

C

D

especiallycancerofthelung.

问题1选项

A.Cigarettesmoke

B.areknownto

C.they

D.linked

【答案】C

【解析】考查关系代词。and连接两个并列的定语从句，修饰先行词compounds（化合物）。

试题答案：C;that

10.单选题

Manygreatinventionsareinitiallygreetedwithridiculeanddisbelief.Theinventionoftheairplanewasnoexception.AlthoughmanypeoplewhoheardaboutthefirstpoweredflightonDecember17,1903wereexcitedandimpressed,othersreactedwithpealsoflaughter.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.Negativereactions,however,didnotstoptheWrights.Impelledbytheirdesiretosucceed,theycontinuedtheirexperimentsinaviation.

OrvilleandWilburWrighthadalwayshadacompellinginterestinaeronauticsandmechanics.Asyoungboystheyearnedmoneybymakingandsellingkitesandmechanicaltoys.Later,theydesignedanewspaper-foldingmachine,builtaprintingpress,andoperatedabicycle-repairshop.In1896,whentheyreadaboutthedeathofOttoLilienthal,thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.

Lilienthal,apioneerinhang-gliding,hadcontrolledhisglidersbyshiftinghisbodyinthedesireddirection.ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers,however,andtheysearchedformoreefficientmethodstocontrolthebalanceofairbornevehicles.In1990and1901,theWrightstestednumerousglidersanddevelopedcontroltechniques.Thebrothers’inabilitytoobtainenoughliftpowerfortheglidersalmostledthemtoabandontheirefforts.

Afterfurtherstudy,theWrightbrothersconcludedthatthepublishedtablesofairpressureoncurvedsurfacesmustbewrong.Theysetupawindtunnelandbeganaseriesofexperimentswithmodelwings.Becauseoftheirefforts,theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Thiswork,inturn,madeitpossibleforthebrotherstodesignamachinethatwouldfly.In1903theWrightsbuilttheirfirstairplane,whichcostlessthan$1,000.

Theyevendesignedandbuilttheirownsourceofpropulsion―alightweightgasolineengine.WhentheystartedtheengineonDecember17,theairplanepulsatedwildlybeforetakingoff.Theplanemanagedtostayaloftfor12seconds,however,anditflew120feet.

By1905,theWrightshadperfectedthefirstairplanethatcouldturn,circle,andremainairborneforhalfanhouratatime.Othershadflowninballoonsandhanggliders,buttheWrightbrotherswerethefirsttobuildafull-sizemachinethatcouldflyunderitsownpower.Asthecontributorsofoneofthemostoutstandingengineeringachievementsinhistory,theWrightbrothersareaccuratelycalledthefathersofaviation.

1.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwas（

）tosomepeople.

2.SomepeoplethoughtthattheWrightbrothershad（

）.

3.TheWrights’interestinflightgrewintoa（

）.

4.Lilienthal’sideaaboutcontrollingairbornevehicleswas

（

）

theWrights.

5.Theoldtableswere（

）andreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.

问题1选项

A.boring

B.distasteful

C.exciting

D.needless

E.answernotavailable

问题2选项

A.actedwithoutthinking

B.beennegativelyinfluenced

C.beentoocautious

D.beenmistaken

E.actedinanegativeway

问题3选项

A.financialempire

B.plan

C.needtoact

D.foolishthought

E.answernotavailable

问题4选项

A.provenwrongby

B.oppositetotheideasof

C.dislikedby

D.acceptedby

E.improvedby

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.invalidated

C.multiplied

D.approved

E.notused

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.”可知驾驶飞机的想法令一些人反感。因此B选项“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合题意。A选项“无聊的”；C选项“令人兴奋的”；D选项“不必要的”：E选项“没有答案”。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.”这类人称最早的飞机发明人莱特兄弟是冲动的傻瓜，可知一些人认为莱特兄弟做事冲动，不经思考，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.”莱特兄弟对飞行的兴趣发展成一种强迫行为，因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers”这种想法对莱特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知这种想法不被莱特兄弟喜欢，因此C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第四段中“theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.”旧表被及时废除，取而代之的是第一个可靠的曲面气压数据，因此B选项“使无效，失效”符合题意。

11.问答题

Ifambition(A)istobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,(B)controloverone’sdestiny—(C)mustbedeemedworthofthesacrifices(D)madeonambition’sbehalf.

【答案】C；改成mustbedeemedworthyof。worthyof…值得…的

12.问答题

ThiscompetitionisgoodfortheoveralldevelopmentofChina’slong-monopolizingbanking

A

industryandisexpectedtointensifybytheendoftheyearorearlynextyearasmoreprivate

B

C

D

banksareestablished.

【答案】试题答案：A;monopolized

【解析】考查非谓语动词。bankingindustry与monopolize的关系是被动的，故用其过去分词做定语修饰。

13.单选题

Nowonderthatman’sgreatdreamhasbeensomedaytocontroltheweather.Thefirststep

A

B

towardcontrolis,ofcourse,knowledge,andscientistshavebeenhardatworkforyearstrying

C

tokeeptrackfortheweather.

D

问题1选项

A.Nowonder

B.man’s

C.hardatwork

D.keeptrackfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeptrackof意为“了解，记录，保持联系”。

试题答案：D;keeptrackof

14.问答题

Lessnotedbutequallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960also

reducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak:theirmarriagesremainedintacttoa

A

B

greaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.

C

D

【答案】试题答案：C;those

【解析】考查代词。由“theirmarriages”可知此处代词应用相应的复数形式，that的复数形式为those。

15.填空题

AlbertEinsteinonce(1)_________thecreativityofafamousscientisttothefactthathe“neverwenttoschool,andthereforepreservedtheraregiftofthinkingfreely.”Thereisundoubtedly(2)________inEinstein’sobservation:manyartistsandgeniusesseemto(3)________theirschoolingasabigdisadvantage.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsall(4)_______school.(5)_______didWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.Butsuchatruthisnotacriticismofschools.(6)_______isthefunctionofschoolstocivilize,nottotrainexplorers.Theexplorerisalwaysamiserablylonelyindividual(7)________hisorherpioneeringisinart,music,scienceandtechnology.ThecreativeexplorerofunmappedlandssharewiththegeniuswhatWilliamJamesdescribed(8)_______the“facultyofperceivinginanunhabitualway.”However,thesocialorderdemandsunityandwidespreadagreement,bothtraitsare(9)_______tocreativity.Therewillalwaysbe(10)_______betweenthedemandsofsocietyandtheimpulsesofcreativityandgenius.

【答案】1.attributed

2.truth

3.view

4.disliked

5.So

6.It

7.whether

8.as

9.destructive

10.conflict

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。句意：阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦曾经将一个著名的科学家的创造力________于这样的一个事实：他从未上过学，从而保留了自由思考的天赋。所以填入attributed表示“将创造力归因于一个事实”。

2.考查上下文语义。句意：毫无疑问是________在爱因斯坦的观点中：许多艺术家和天才似乎都______他们的上学经历为极大的不利因素。所以填入truth表示“爱因斯坦的观点毫无疑问是真实的”。

3.考查上下文语义和搭配。句意：爱因斯坦的观点毫无疑问是真实的：许多艺术家和天才似乎都_______他们的上学经历为极大的不利因素。所以填入view构成搭配“view…as将……看作”，表示“都将他们的上学经历看作成极大的不利因素”。

4.考查上下文语义。句意：巴勃罗•毕加索、查尔斯•达尔文、马克•吐温，奥利弗•戈德史密斯，还有威廉•巴特勒•叶芝都_________学校。所以填入disliked表示“他们都不喜欢学校”。

5.考查倒装句语法。句意：温斯顿•丘吉尔也一样，他差点被哈罗工效开除，而这是一所名校。所以填入连词so构成倒装结构“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”表示“.….也一样”。

6.考查语法。句意：引导探索者是学校的职责，而不是训练探索者。此句中动词不定式“tocivilize,nottotrainexplorers”为句子真正的主语，所以填入It作形式主语。

7.考查连词。探索者总是一个孤独的个体，无论他的创举是在艺术、音乐、科学或是技术领域。所以填入whether构成搭配“whether…or不论….或者….”，表示“无论是在艺术、音乐、科学或是技术领域”。

8.考查介词搭配。句意：对于为开拓的领域进行探索的有创造力的人与天才具有共同之处，这种共同之处被威廉•詹姆斯描述为“不同寻常的感知能力”。所以填入as构成搭配“describe…as…将……描述为……”。What引导宾语从句，作sharewith的宾语，表示“共同之处被描述为都不同寻常的感知能力”。

9.考查上下文语义。句意：然而，社会秩序要求团结和广泛一致，这两个方面对于创造力来说是________的。所以填入destructive表示“具有毁灭性的”。

10.考查上下文语义。句意：社会的要求和对于创造力和天才的需求之间总是会存在________。所以填入conflict表示“二者之间存在矛盾或冲突”。

16.单选题

Predictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20th-centuryasAmerica’s“DisneyEra.”Today,it’scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodemAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongs

tooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell.Buthewasageniusinplentyofotherrespects.Inbusiness,hisgreatestskillswerehisinsightandhismanagementability.AftersettinghimselfupinHollywood,hesingle-handedlypioneeredtheconceptsofbrandingandmerchandising—somethinghiscompanystilldoesbrilliantlytoday.

ButwhatreallydistinguishedDisneywashisabilitytoidentifywithhisaudiences.Disneyalwaysmadesurehisfilmschampionedthe“littleguy,”andmadehimfeelproudtobeAmerican.Thisheachievedbycreatingcharactersthatreflectedthehopesandfearsoftheordinarypeople.SomecelebratedAmericanachievements—Disney’sveryfirstcartoonPlaneCrazy,featuringasilentMickeyhouse,wasinspiredbyCharlesLindbergh’sflightacrosstheAtlantic.Others,likethethreelittlePigsandSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarves,showedhow,throughhardworkandhelpingone’sfellowman,ordinaryAmericanscouldsurvivesocialandeconomiccrisesliketheGreatDepression.

Disney’sothergreatvirtuewasthefactthathiscompany—unlikeotherbigcorporations—hadahumanface.HisHollywoodstudio—thepublicheard—operatedjustlikeademocracy,whereeveryonewasonfirst-nametermsandhadasayinhowthingsshouldberun.HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.

Thereality,ofcourse,waslessidyllic.Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.Afterastrikebycartoonistsin1941,hebe