2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号75

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat（

）.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

（

）.

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

（

）.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

（

）.

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

问题2选项

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

问题3选项

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

问题4选项

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

问题5选项

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿诺德植物园的新主管（WilliamFriedman）认为，使达尔文变得伟大的是他让公众理解进化论这个想法并接受它。因此D选项“它（《物种起源》）深受公众的欢迎”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman声称，达尔文将该‘历史简述’附加到自己杰作的后来版本上的目的是为了平息那些为自身更早想法要求荣誉的人。因此A选项“赞颂那些先于自己有关进化论的观点”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”虽然其他人在达尔文之前就已经清楚地思考过进化论，但他并非没有独创性。弗里德曼说，达尔文关于自然选择作为进化机制的思想很少有人赞同。因此A选项“他认为自然择是进化机制”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出现促使达尔文写“《物种起源》”，作为他在篇幅更大的著作中煞费苦心安排的那些观点的一个“摘要”。注意题干中的“atfirst（起初）”，因此选A。

5.细节事实题。文章倒数第二段大意为：虽然其他人在达尔文之前思考过进化论，但科学发现不仅仅需要一个想法。除了概念之外，发现需要理解这个想法的意义，一些早期的作者显然没有——比如柏树学家，他把他关于自然选择的想法埋在一本关于海军木材的书的附录中。最后，科学发现需要有能力让别人相信一个想法是正确的。弗里德曼说，通过“《物种起源》”，达尔文是那个时代唯一拥有这三种特征的思想家。因此选C。

2.单选题

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

问题1选项

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

问题2选项

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美国政府对全球变暖问题没有积极主动地采取相应措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”虽然美国各州和国会的行动正朝着正确的方向推进，但政府在政策上的模糊性却产生了相反的效果。”可知美国政府在全球变暖这个问题上什么也没做，因此选B。

2.细节事实题。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前为止，美国公司还没有捕捉获碳排放的动力。可知B选项“公司在采用新技术方面没有很强的积极性。”因此B选项符合题意。A选项“现有的技术只能处理大规模的碳排放”；C选项“政府对使用煤炭和石油的政策是产生相反的效果”；D选项“公司不愿意卷入政治问题”。

3.推理判断题。文章最后一段的大意为：现在是美国政府为碳排放定价的时候了，使投资于技术使碳排放减少的公用事业将看到他们的努力得到回报。这一举措不仅会降低全球变暖带来的风险，而且对恢复美国的环保信誉也有很大帮助。因此A选项“政府应该征收碳排放，以鼓励公司采用新技术。”符合题意。

3.问答题

ThiscompetitionisgoodfortheoveralldevelopmentofChina’slong-monopolizingbanking

A

industryandisexpectedtointensifybytheendoftheyearorearlynextyearasmoreprivate

B

C

D

banksareestablished.

【答案】试题答案：A;monopolized

【解析】考查非谓语动词。bankingindustry与monopolize的关系是被动的，故用其过去分词做定语修饰。

4.问答题

Manypeopleare(A)naturallydistrustfulofambition,feelingthatitrepresents(B)somethingintractableinhumannature.ThusJohnDeanentitledhisbookabouthisinvolvementintheWatergateaffairduringtheNixonadministrationBlindAmbition,asifambition(C)weretobeblamedforhisignobleactions,andnottheconstellationofqualitiesthat(D)makeuphisrathershabbycharacter.

【答案】C；改成weretoblameforhisignobleactions.toblame用主动形式表被动意义。

5.问答题

Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

C

bespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;cost

【解析】考查主谓一致。谓语动词is用的是单数形式，故主语也需要用单数形式。

6.问答题

Toattractcapital,smallbanksarealwayswillingtoraisetheirdepositratestothehigherendof

A

B

thegovernment-setbandtoattractcapital,whilebigplayersusuallykeeptheirratesata

C

D

discountof10percent.

【答案】试题答案：B;upperend

【解析】考查词义。higherend意为“高端”，表示等级、档次等较高的；upperend意为“上端”，

theupperendgovernment-setband此处表示“政府设置的上线值”。

7.单选题

Contrarytotheopinionofthecommitteemembers,thechairmaninsistedonappointing

A

B

whomeverhethoughtcoulddothejobthemostadequately.

C

D

问题1选项

A.Contraryto

B.on

C.whomever

D.themostadequately

【答案】C

【解析】考查关系代词。句中的“hethough”可以看做是一个插入语，从句中缺少主语，因此用whoever引导宾语从句。

试题答案：C;whoever

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

20年来，中国从工业化、城镇化加快发展的国情出发，不断丰富可持续发展的内涵，积极应对国内外环境的复杂变化和一系列重大挑战，实现了经济平稳较快发展、人民生活显著改善，在控制人口总量、提高人口素质、节约资源和保护环境等方面取得了积极进展。同时，作为一个发展中国家，中国人口众多、‘生态脆弱、人均资源占有不足，人均国内生产总值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22亿贫困人口，资源环境对经济发展的约束增强，区域发展不平衡问题突出，科技创新能力不强，改善民生的任务十分艰巨。

【答案】Overthepast20years,China,basedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingintheacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesses,hasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment,activelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallenges,andachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment,higherpeople’slivingstandards,andremarkableprogressinpopulationcontrol,populationqualityimprovement,resourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Ontheotherhand,asadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,Chinaisfacedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill122millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.Moreover,giventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentconstrainsoneconomicdevelopment,pronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregions,andweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacities,Chinastillfacesandarduoustaskofimprovingpeople’slivelihood.

9.翻译题

Unemploymentandinflation

Thebest-knownapplicationofrationalexpectationsmodelshasbeentoaninterpretationoftheobservedrelationbetweenunemploymentandinflation.A.W.Phillips(1958)notedanegativerelationbetweentheunemploymentrateandthewageinflationrateintheUnitedKingdombetween1861and1957.AsimilarrelationwasfoundalsointheUnitedStatesformuchofthesamesampleperiod.Sincethen,thenegativerelationhasbrokendown.Lucas(1976)andSargentandWallace(1973)offeredinterpretationsofthePhillipsrelationanditssubsequentbreakdown.Initssimplestterms:thisinterpretationassertsthattheremaybeastablerelationbetweenunemploymentandunexpectedinflation.Unexpectedinflationmaycausejobseekerstomisperceivetherealvalueofwageofferstheyhavereceived,andthustoacceptoffersthattheywouldnothaveacceptediftheyhadknownthetruerealwagetheyweregetting.Byacceptingthesejobs,theylowertheunemploymentrate.IntheperiodPhillipsstudiedthepricelevelmighthavebeenwell-enoughapproximatedbyarandomwalkthatactualinflationmayhaveapproximatelyequaledunexpectedinflation.Sincethen,wheninflationhasbecomemuchmoreseriallycorrelated,actualandexpectedinflationmayhavedivergedwidely.

【答案】失业和通货膨胀

最著名的理性预期模型的应用己经是对观察到的失业率和通货膨胀之间关系的一种解释。A.W.Phniips（1958）指出，在1861年至1957年，联合王国的失业率与工资通货膨胀率之间存在着消极关系。在美国也发现了类似的关系，大部分是相同的样本周期。从那时起，消极的关系已经破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent和Wallace(1973)给出了Phillips关系及其随后破裂的解释。最简单的说法是：这个解释声称，失业和预期外的通货膨胀之间可能存在稳定的关系。预期外的通货膨胀可能导致求职者错估了他们所收到的工资待遇的真实价值，因此才接受了这些工作。如果他们知道真正的实际工资，他们是不会接受的。通过接受这些工作，他们降低了失业率。在这期间，Phillips研究价格水平可能非常的接近随机理论，即实际通货膨胀可能约等于预期外的通货膨胀。从那时起，当通货膨胀变得更错综复杂，实际和预期的通货膨胀可能有广泛的分歧。

10.单选题

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大学二年级学生）atColoradoStateUniversity,firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege.“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.MylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshowwhatIknewtotheteacher.”Anotherstudentinbiologyhadsimilarexperiences.Hesaid,“Myfirstchemistrytestwasverydifficult.Then,onthesecondtest,Isatdowntotakeit,andIwassonervousthatIwasshaking.Myhandsweremovingupanddownsoquicklythatitwashardtoholdmypencil.IknewthematerialandIknewtheanswers.YetIcouldn’tevenwritethemdown!”

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisuneasyaboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheextremetensionandnervousness.Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits,sometimestextanxietycausesthelowgrades.Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.

Specialuniversityadvisingcoursestrytohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorstrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemhowtomanagetestanxiety.Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheiranxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcoursestohelpthemdealwiththeirtensions.Thesecoursesteachstudentshowtorelaxtheirbodies.Studentsaretrainedtobecomecalminverytensesituations.Bycontrollingtheirnervousness,theycanlettheirmindsworkatease.Learnedinformationthencomesoutwithoutdifficultyonatest.

AnexpertattheUniversityofCaliforniaexplains,“Withalmostallstudents,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.Mostofthemexperiencebettercontrolduringtheirtests.Almostallhavesomeimprovement.Withsome,theimprovementisverygreat.”

1.To“blankout”isprobably（

）.

2.Poorgradesareusuallytheresultof

（

）.

3.Testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedas

（

）.

4.Todealwiththisproblem,studentsatsomeuniversitieswould

（

）.

5.AUniversityofCaliforniaadvisorsaid（

）.

问题1选项

A.tobelikeablanket

B.tobesureofananswer

C.tobeunabletothinkclearly

D.toshowknowledgetotheteacher

问题2选项

A.poorsleepinghabit

B.laziness

C.lackofsleep

D.inabilitytofromgoodstudyhabits

问题3选项

A.anexcuseforlaziness

B.theresultofpoorstudyhabits

C.arealproblem

D.somethingthatcannotbechanged

问题4选项

A.takeashortcourseonanxiety

B.readaboutanxiety

C.taketeststoevaluatetheiranxiety

D.taketeststoprovetheyarenotanxious

问题5选项

A.allstudentscouldovercometheanxietyaftertakingaspecialtestanxietyprogram

B.almostallstudentsfeltlessstressaftertakingaUniversityofCaliforniaadvisingcourse

C.studentsfounditdifficulttoimproveeventhoughtheyhadtakenaspecialtestanxietycourse

D.studentsfounditeasytorelaxassoonastheyenteredaUniversityofCaliforniaadvisingcourse.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段中“onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.”却发现我不能正确回答这些问题。我……因为紧张和恐惧，我无法想到答案。可推测此处指头脑一片空白，不能正常思考，因此C选项“不能清楚地思考”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits”尽管成绩不好往往是不良的学习习惯导致的，可知D选项“无法养成良好的学习习惯”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.”可知考试焦虑已被认为是一个真实存在的问题，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheir

anxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcoursestohelpthemdealwiththeirtensions.”在一些大学里，学生通过考试来测量他们焦虑，如果考试显示他们的焦虑程度很高，学生可以参加短期课程，帮助他们应对自身的紧张，因此选A。注意题干问的是处理焦虑问题的方法，C选项不符题意，参加测试评估焦虑的目的是删选需要参加课程的学生。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Withalmostallstudents,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.”几乎所有的学生在参加我们的课程后都能感受到放松和较少的压力，因此B选项“在参加一个加州大学建议课程后，几乎所有学生都感到较少的压力”符合题意。

11.单选题

“Howmanyofyouhavebeenangryatleastoncetoday?”askedtheconductorofananger-managementseminar.AccordingtoanarticleinTheNewYorkTimes,mostofthoseintheroomraisedtheirhands.“Thefactis,”theseminarleadercontinued,“peoplegetangryatanaverageof10to14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you’reguaranteedtogetangry.”

Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastremark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.

Althoughsomestatisticsindicatethatthenumberofon-the-jobflare-upshasincreasedinrecentyears,toholdontothenotionthatworkplaceangeristhereforeguaranteediscounterproductive.Itleavesonewiththeimpressionthatanyeffortstoremaineven-temperedatworkare,atbest,onlyabandit.

Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:don’tletitfaster;don’tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don’tgetcaughtupinotherpeople’sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.

Iwouldadd,pray.

Insteadofsittingtherefumingoversomeencounter,whynotusethetimetolistenforGod’sthoughts,hismessagestoyou?Tobesure,theywillsnuffouttheheatofangerandbringcalmness,clarity,andhealing.“ForIknowthethoughtsthatIthinktowardyou,thoughtsofpeace,andnotofevil,togiveyouanexpectedend.”

Betterstill,onecanactpreemptivelytopreventavolatileatmosphereonthejob.Agoodstartistoconsiderthatthepeopleweworkwith—whetherit’sthepersonatthedeskacrossfromoursorthepresidentofthecompany—arenotwhatweseeonthesurface.

Ifwetakeitforgrantedthatourcoworkersaresomanyindividualsmerelyofanassortmentofphysicalandemotionalcharacteristics,thenouroverallexpectationsonthejob,aswellasourconcernforthewell-beingofthoseweworkwith,arelimited.Butourtruenatureisn’tthesumofmaterialandsometimesfieryemotionalelements.EachoneofusisGod’schild.Everyone’strueselfhoodcomesfromthisonesource—God,divineSpirit—andisthereforepurelygoodandspiritual.

“Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,”wroteMaryBakerEddy,theauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese“highqualities”asourrealnature,respectfulandloving,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.

Whatweshouldbecountingonatwork,then,oranywhereelsewherepeoplecomeintocontactwithoneanother,isanatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsupheldbyGod’sthoughtsofpeace.Inthisatmosphere,solidrelationshipsdevelopandsolutionsappeareveninsituationswhereitwasbelievedthatnonewerepossible.

So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clients,andcustomers,areallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You’recertaintohavehigher-expectations,morecompassion,morepatience.Arealpeacemakerattitude.

Thisisdoingmorethanmanagingwork-relatedanger.Thisishelpingtoeliminatingit.

1.Whatdoesthesentence“Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork”inthe1stparagraphmean?

2.What’sthemeaningofthefirstsentenceinthe2paragraph“Upwouldhavegonemyhand”?

3.Whatguidelinesdotheanger-managementexpertsoffertosubdueworkplaceanger?

4.WhatdoestheauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScripturestrytoconveytothereadersinthe

book?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Angerforsurewouldcauseharmtoone’swork.

B.Angerisasinevitableinworkplaceasindisposition(不舒服，微恙)toaperson.

C.Angercanthreatenone’spositioninaworkplace.

D.Angerislikeanindisposition;itisunavoidablebutinsignificant.

问题2选项

A.Iwouldhaveraisedmyhand.

B.Iwouldhavevetoedtheproposalbyraisingmyhand.

C.Iwouldhavestronglyopposedtotheview.

D.Iwouldhavedisagreedandairedmyownview.

问题3选项

A.Calmdownandtrytosolvetheproblem.

B.Takeabreathbeforeyoulosecontrol.

C.Divertyourattentiontopleasantthings.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题4选项

A.ManiscreatedbyGodwithbenevolentqualities.

B.Humanbeing’srealnatureisasrespectfulasGod.

C.WearealloffspringofGod,andourrelationshipswithothersarethatofbrotherhoodorsisterhood,sothere’snoreasonforconflicts.

D.Alloftheabovepoints.

问题5选项

A.Weshouldsparenoeffortstoeliminateworkplaceanger.

B.Praycanhelpminimizework-relatedanger.

C.TheChristianatmosphereinwhicheveryonefeelsasequalsonsanddaughtersofGodshouldbeadvocatedtoreduceworkplaceanger.

D.Amongvarioussolutionstoworkplaceanger,resortingtopeacebyvirtueofChristianbeliefismostefficient.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork”定位到文章第一段“…peoplegetangryatanaverageof10to14timesaday.Butangerisespeciallyendemictowork.Ifyouhaveajob,you’reguaranteedtogetangry.”可知人们平均每天会生气10到14次。但是生气在工作中尤其普遍。如果你在工作，你肯定会生气。可判断出愤怒在工作中是不可避免的，会令人感到不适。故选项B符合题意。

2.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Upwouldhavegonemyhand”定位到文章第二段“Upwouldhavegonemyhand,hadIbeenintheroomandheardthatlastremark.AndIwouldhaverespectfullydisagreed.”，可知如果我当时在房间里，听到最后两句话，我也会举起我的手。并且会尊重性地表达我的反对意见。可判断出作者会举手表示对这个观点的赞同。故选项A符合题意。

3.事实细节题。由题干关键词“Anger-managementexperts...guidelines”定位到文章第四段“Anger-managementexpertsdoofferafewcommon-senseguidelinestominimizework-relatedanger:don’tletitfaster;don’tlookforsnubsinwhatarepurelyinnocentincidents;don’tgetcaughtupinotherpeople’sgripes;ifyoustarttolosecontrol,takeabreak.”，可知愤怒情绪管理专家确实提供了一些常识性的指导方法来抑制工作愤怒：不要太快；不要因为一些平白无故的困难而怠慢工作；不要被别人的抱怨所困扰；如果情绪开始失控，休息一下。可判断出愤怒情绪管理专家提出的解决方法包括及时冷静下来并且寻找解决方法。选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词“ScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures”定位到文章第九段“‘Man(includingwoman)istheoffspring,notofthelowest,butofthehighestqualitiesofMind,’wroteMaryBakerEddy,theauthorofScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures.ThisdivineMind,orGod,isexpressingineachofusthese“highqualities”asourrealnature,respectfulandloving,andrevealingouractualrelationtooneanotherassonsanddaughtersofGod.”，可知玛丽•贝克•艾迪在书中提到男人（包括女人）不是低等人的后代，都是最具智慧的神的后代。这个神圣的上帝，在我们每个人身上体现出一些高尚的品质，这些品质都是我们的本性——尊敬和爱，并显示我们作为上帝的儿女彼此之间的真实关系。可判断出作者在书中想给读者表达出来的意思是：人类是上帝创造的，具有高尚善良的品质；人的真实本性是像上帝一样恭敬有礼貌的；我们都是上帝的后代，我们与他人的关系是情同手足，所以没有理由产生冲突。故选项D符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“So,insteadofbracingforashowdownwithafellowworker,youcanarriveatworkfilledwiththeconvictionthatyouandyourcolleagues,clients,andcustomers,areallinherentlygood-natured—God-natured—theoffspringofatotallylovingcreator.You’recertaintohavehigher-expectations,morec