高考英语语法非谓语动词教学案

高中高考英语语法非谓语动词精选精选教教案高中高考英语语法非谓语动词精选精选教教案高中高考英语语法非谓语动词精选精选教教案语法复习专题非谓语动词语法功能名称形式主语宾语宾语补表语定语状语足语todo/tobedone√√√√√√不定式tobedoing√(经常)√tohave(been)done√√动名词doing√√√√doing√√√√现在分词having(been)done√(动作完成)过去分词done√√√√可取代havingbeendone看法：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。Hisjobistoguard.(说明内容)Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,＿＿＿＿＿itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenbe+todosth.(表示按计划要做的事，或必然发生的，或表示命令等口吻)翻译:这项计划得提前三天完成.（2）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+todo形式。以下词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.A.havingmetC.tomeetD.tohavemetIdon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember(2004.高考辽宁卷)A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard以下动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decidewhattodo..,wonderhowtodealwithsth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。示例:1).I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A．expectedB．toexpectC．tobeexpectingD．expects2).ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.A.itwhattodowith

B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit3).Themotherdidn'tknow___toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.what（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.B.tolearn②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/advise/allow/cause/consider/encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb.todo.sth.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoThepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatingMyadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake③主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider+sb.+tobe/tobedoing/tohavedone注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的差别，同时要动语态的使用。

注意不定式被CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginventedRobertissaid________abroad.butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying④主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.（4）不定式作定语的特别用法。①以下词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。Ihave______________________(一个出国留学的机遇)。Heis_________________(第一个上学的)and__________________(最后一个离校的)②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系

。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。

onlytodo表示出乎不测的结．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．果。．．Tosleepwell,Iturnedoffthealarmclock.Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来引目的状,enoughto,so⋯astodo,such+do作果状，如:Thegirlwasso．．．．．．．．．．．．．kindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.Youweresillynot____yourcar.(2004高考湖南卷)A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedHelenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.(2004高考广西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard

名⋯

asto6）不定式的完成的特别用法。①表示不定式中生的作先于主句的出的作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等常用于上面句型。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginventedRobertissaid________abroad.butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying其他，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成，但要注意与一般的区。I’msorry___________________foraminute.不起，稍等。（未等）I’msorry_______________________forsolong.不起，你久等了。（已等了许久）②不定式的完成可表示“去本想做某事但未做”的虚气。（A）shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成。（B）was/wereto+不定式的完成，表示做某事或想做但未。（C）expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+未曾的梦想。注意：表示“去本想做某事但未做”的虚气可以用：

不定式完成，表示去was/weregoingtodo或was/wereabouttoIwouldloveto_______thepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone-Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?-I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did7）不定式的省略。①同一构并列由and或or接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkand(to)gohome.I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkor(to)say.特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示比)②不定式作表，其前面的主从句中含有do，后边的to省略。Whathedidwas(to)losethegame.③句中含有do，but、except、besides、suchas等后边to可省略。即“前有to”。Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.比：havenothingtodobutdo/havenothingbuttodohavenochoicebuttodo/can’t(help)butdo④主句含有不定式，后边有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;ridingWhynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、can’tbut等后省to。如：Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.8）不定式的取代。多用在同一句或系密的中，了防备重复，作或主，的不定式再次出，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但若是承前省略的不定式有助用的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．或be任何形式，后保留原形be或have。如：．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

do,后省have．．．．Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoSusanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.—IknowIoughttohave.常的有：I’dlike/love/behappyto.3、名复中注意的几个（1）名作。①以下后只能接名：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。②以下短接名：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。③介后要接名。whatabout、howabout、without、befondof、begoodat等介后接名。注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引的从中。作此意on/upon后也可以接名。如onhisarrival。⋯④名作和不定式作的区：begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’tstand例句剖析Itbegantorain.Itbeganraining.Itwasbeginningtosnow.Ilovelying(tolie)onmyback.Ilikelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdonIdon’tprefertoswimintherivernow.

意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后边只跟不定式。表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，若是’tliketo表.示某一特定的或详尽的行动，多接不定式。remember,forget,regret,try例句Iremembertomeetheratthestation.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.Iforgotgivingittoyouyesterday.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.Iregretnothavingworkinghard.Iregrettohearofyoursister’sdeath.Tryknockingatthebackdoor.Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.IhadmeanttogoonMonday.want,require,need,demand,request例句Thesedesksneedrepairing.Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.ThepatientrequiredexaminedThepatientrequiredtobeexamined.

剖析1.remembertodosth.住要做的事rememberdoingsth.回去生的事2.forgettodosth.忘要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘做的事3.regrettodosth.将要做的事对不起regretdoingsth.生的事后悔4.trytodosth.法⋯⋯，trydoingsth.看，一5.meantodosth.打看作⋯⋯，想要meandoingsth.意味着，就是剖析1.needdoing需要被做needtobedone需要被做wantdoingwanttobedonerequiredoingrequiretobedone—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregretthat.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone—Imustapologizefor______aheadoftime.—That'sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowVictorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004上海)A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotableOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_______them.(20XX年春季高考)D.tocorrect4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、陪同、条件、结果等状语。．．．．．．．．．．．．．．①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when,while等）Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.做时间状语的分词，可以改成时间连词连接的主从句，如上面两句可以改成：_______________________________________________________________suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered_____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.TohavewaitedTheoldman,____________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(2004考江卷)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked

高②原因状Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanoteNothavingfinishedherworkintime,thebossfiredher.做原因状的分，可以改成原因接的主从句，如上句可以改成：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③陪同状Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.A.seizing...,disappearedB.seized...,disappearedC.seizing⋯,disappearingD.seized...,disappearing"Can'tyoureadit?"Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointingThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toadd④果状Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.分次做陪同状和果状可以依照意思改成由and或or接的并列句或改成非限制性定从句.如③可改成__________________________________________or__________________________________________如④可改成___________________________________________or___________________________________________Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.D.tomake注意：在分作状的几个特点。①性。与同生，用一般，如生．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．在作从前用完成式having(been)done。②性。与句子的主之的关系，是主．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．关系或关系。依照的“主用在分，被用去分”。③人称一致性。分的主就是句子的主。⑤定WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor＿＿＿＿＿

"Sorrytomissyou

；

willcalllater."

C.toread

D.readingThepicture_________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2000

年春季高考

)A.havinghungD.beinghung2）分词作表语。S.+be/get/系动词+动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S.+be+动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。S.+be/系动词+todo/tobedoneAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedSarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangeThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.=___________________________,hought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolosebythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(2004高考辽宁卷)C．TobeattractedD．HavingattractedA．AttractingB．Attracted（2）作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=When(thecityis)seenfromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.（3）作条件状语Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.=________________________,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.Givenmoretime,IwilldobetterthanTom=________________________,IwilldobetterthanTomTheresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004

高考湖北卷)A．Compare

B．Whencomparing

C．Comparing

D．Whencompared（4）陪同状语Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.=Theteachercameinandwasfollowedbysomestudents.Afterhisjourneyfrontabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_____A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted分词短语作状语时，平时与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.=___________________________,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.Timepermitting,wewillbringinmoremoney.=_______________________,wewillbringinmoremoney.Homework(havingbeen)finished,Tomispla