英语专业考研、专八英美文学习题集锦

英语专业考研、专八英美文学习题集锦ChapterIAnIntroductiontoOldandMedievalEnglishLiterature&TheRenaissancePeriodI.Choosetherightanswer:1.Dr.FaustusisaplaybasedonthelegendofamagicianaspiringforandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil.A.British/immoralityB.French/moneyC.German/knowledgeD.American/politicalpowerAnswer:C（可参考藻本P21）isatypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetry,isregardedtodayasthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.A.TheWife'sComplaintB.BeowulfC.TheDreamoftheRoodD.TheSeafarerAnswer:B（可参考课本Pl）t'sChauceralonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishSocietyinhismasterpiece.A.TheCanterburyTalesB.TheLegendofGoodWomenC.TroilusandCriseydeD.TheRomauntoftheRose.Answer:A（可参考课本P4）TheEssenceofRenaissance,themostsignificantintellectualmovement,was.A.GeographicalexplorationB.ReligiousreformationC.PublishingandtranslationD.Humanism.Answer:D（可参考课本P8）“PrinceArthur'sgreatestmissionishissearchforGloriana,withwhomhehasfalleninlovethroughalovevision.''Thetwofigurescomefrom.A.ParadiseLostB.Dr.FaustusC.TheFaerieQueeneD.HamletAnswer:C（可参考课本P13）In“Sonnet18'',Shakespeare.A.Meditateonthedestructivepoweroftimeandeternalbeautybypoetry.B.Satirizehuman'svanity.C.Predicttheeternityoflove.D.Eulogizethepowerofthebeauty.Answer:A（P37）gavenewvigortotheblankversewithhis“mightylines''andmake'blankverse'theprinciplevehicleofexpressionindrama.A.SurreyB.WyattC.MarloweD.SidneyAnswer:C（P21）Shakespeare'sgreatesttragediesarethefollowingworksexcept.A.HamletB.KingLearC.RomeoandJulietD.OthelloAnswer:C（P33）TheRenaissancereferstobetween14th——mid-17thcentury,whichwasunderthereignofQueen andabsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummit,andinwhichthe'realmainstream（真正的文学主流）'was.A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/dramaC.Mary/novelD.James/dramaAnswer:B（Pll）InTheLegendofGoodWomen,ChaucerusedforthefirsttimeinEnglishtherhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter,whichistobecalledlater.A.TheSpenserianstanzaB.TheheroiccoupletC.TheblankverseD.ThefreeverseAnswer:B(P5)TheRedcrosseKnightin“TheFaerieQueene“standsfor,andUnastandsfor.A.bravery/chastityB.holiness/truthC.error/deliveryD.truegentleman/lady.Answer:B(Pl6)WhichofthefollowingisNOTregardedasoneofthecharacteristicsofRenaissance?A.RediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture.B.AttempttoremovetheoldfeudalistideasinMedievalEurope.C.Exaltationofman'spursuitofhappinessinhislife,andtoleranceofman'sfoibles.D.Praiseofman'seffortsinsouldeliveryandpersonalsalvation.Answer:D(P7)“Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune"isanexampleof.A.MetaphorB.SimileC.IronyD.PersonificationAnswer:A(P55).introducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland.A.Anglos/SaxonsB.Normans/Anglo-SaxonsC.Greeks/RomansD.Romans/NormansAnswer:B(Pl1)Itis alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliteraturepresentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.A.EdmundSpenserB.GeoffreyChaucerC.WilliamShakespeareD.JohnDonneAnswer:B(P4)Thefollowingbelongtothecharacteristicsof9metaphysicalpoetry'representedby'JohnDonne'except .A.ConceitsB.ActualimageryandsimpledictionC.ArgumentativeformD.ElegantstyleAnswer:D(P63)ParadiseLostisactuallyastorytakenfrom.A.GreekMythologyB.RomanlegendC.TheOldTestamentD.TheNewTestamentAnswer:C(P73)In"ParadiseLost",Satansays"Wemaywithmoresuccessfulhoperesolve/Towagebyforceorguileeternalwar,/IrreconcilabletoourgrandFoe"Whatdoesthe"Eternalwar"mean?A.ToremoveGodfromhisthroneB.ToburntheHeavenDownC.TocorruptGod'screationofmanandwoman AdamandEveD.Tobeguileintoasnaketothreatenman'slifeAnswer:C(P71,节选部分在P75).,thefirstofthegreattragedies,isgenerallyregardedasShakespeare'smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa"blood-and-thunder"thrilleranda'philosophicalexploration'oflifeanddeath.A.TheMerchantofVeniceB.HamletC.KingLearD.TheWinter'sTaleAnswer:B(P33)Itwas and thetwoconqueststhatprovidedthesourcefortheriseandgrowthofEnglishliterature.A.Anglos/SaxonsB.Normans/Anglo-SaxonsC.Romans/NormansD.Greeks/RomansAnswer:B(Pl)ParadiseLostis 'smasterpiece,whichisanepicin12books,writteninblankverse,abouttheheroicrevoltofSatanagainstGod'sauthority.A.JohnDonneB.ChristopherMarloweC.JohnMiltonD.EdmundSpenserAnswer:C(P71)ThefollowingdescriptionfitintoMilton'excepf.A.agreatrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcenturyB.anoutstandingpoliticalpamphleteerC.agreatstylistandmasterofblankverseD.akindofelegantandrefinestyle.Answer:D(P70一一73)isnotwrittenbyJohnMilton.A.SamsonAgonistesB.ParadiseLostC.ParadiseregainedD.TamburlaineAnswer:D(P71)Marlow'sgreatestachievementisthatheperfectedthe'blankverse',andheisregardedas'thepioneerofEnglishdrama',whichofthefollowingisnotwrittenbyhim?A.TamburlaineB.TheJewofMaltaC.ThePassionatetoHisLoveD.TheSunRisingAnswer:D(P20)EssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature,whichhasbeenrecognizedasanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose.A.JohnMilton'sB.FrancisBacon'sC.Montaigne'sD.ThomasGray'sAnswer:B(P58)Wasknownas“thepoets'poet".A.WilliamShakespeareB.EdmundSpenserC.JohnDonneD.JohnMiltonAnswer:B(P15)"Andwewillmaketheebedsofroses/Andathousandfragrantposies/Acapofflowers,andakirtle/Embroideredallwithleavesofmyrtle."Theabovelinesareprobablytakenfrom.A.Spenser'sTheFaerieQueeneB.JohnDonne'sTheSunRisingC.Shakespeare'sSonnet18D.Marlow'sThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove.Answer:D(P28)WhichofthefollowingstatementbestillustratesthethemeofShakespeare'sSonnet18?A.ThespeakereulogizesthepowerofNature.B.Thespeakersatirizeshumanvanity.C.Thespeakerpraisesthepowerofartisticcreation.D.Thespeakermeditatesonman'ssalvation.Answer:C(P37)II.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:1."ForhereinFortuneshowsherselfmorekindThanishercustom.ItisstillheruseToletthewretchedmanoutlivehiswealth,ToviewwithholloweyeandwrinkledbrowAnageofpoverty;fromwhichling'ringpenanceOfsuchmiserydothshecutmeoff'.Identifythetitleoftheworksandauthor..Explain“fromwhich...cutmeoff\.Whathappenedtohim,whichcausedthewords?参考答案:Thelinesarefrom“TheMerchantofVenice”,WilliamShakespeare.(P48)Thissentencemeansshe,'LadyFortune(命超女神)'，ismorekindtohimbecausesheistakingawaybothhiswealthandlife.ThespeakerisAntonio,it'ssaidthathisshiphaveallbeenlost,andheispenniless,andwillhavetopaythepoundofflesh.(BecauseShylockhasmadeastrangebondthatrequiresAntoniotopayhimapoundoffleshifhecan'trepayhimthemoneythatheborrowedforhisfriendinduetime.)(P38)"Readnottocontractandconfuse,nottobelieveandtakeforgranted,nortofindtalkanddiscourse,buttoweighandconsider"l)Identifytheworkandauthor.2)Whatideadoesthepassageexpress?参考答案:Thesentencecomesfrom"OfStudies"writtenby'FrancisBacon'.(P61)TheSentencetalksabouttheproperwaytoread:Whenyouread,don'tbepuzzledbythecontentofthebook;don'ttakeitforgranted;don'tquotetoomuchfromthebook;beforeacceptingitsidea,you'dbetterthinkaboutitsshortcomingsandconsideritfromallsides."Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st;Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st:Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Wheredoesthepoemcomesfrom?Whowroteit?Whatdoes"eternallines"mean?Interpretitbriefly.参考答案:1)Thepoemis"ShallIComparetheetoaSummer'sDay",byShakespeare.(P38)Eternallinesmeansthelinesofthepoemandothersonnets.(P38)Itmeans:youwillnotloseyourbeauty,anddeathwillnotthreatenyouwithdarkness,either.Aslongasmancanliveintheworld,theywillseeyourbeautyinmylinesofmypoem,whichhasgivenyoueternallife.(OrAnicesummer'sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.(P37)"...Allisnolost:theunconquerablewill,Andstudyofrevenge,immortalhate,Andcouragenevertosubmitoryield:Andwhatiselsenottobeovercome? IrreconcilabletoourgrandFoe”Pleaseidentifythepoemandthepoet.Interpreビallisnotlost".Whatdoesthewholepassagemean?参考答案:1)ItistakenfromJohnMilton's“ParadiseLost".(P74)“allisnotlost"isthewordfromSatan----SatanandotherangelsrebelagainstGod,buttheyaredrivenfromHeavenintohell.Inthefireofthehell,Satanisdeterminedtofightback,justlikewhathesays:notallislost,theunconquerablewill,thedeephatred,andthecouragetofighttilldeathstillremain.(P71)ThispassageshowsSatan'swillnottosubmit(服从)，andthedesiretolongforfreedom;tobegGodformercyandworshiphispowerismoreshamefulanddisgracefulthanthedownfall.(P71)5.“Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,lethimstudythelawyer'scases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt."Questions:3)Whatdoes“beatovermatters"mean?4)Whatdoes"receipt'referto?5)Fromwhichessaydoestheabovesentencescome,whatistheessaymainlyabout?参考答案:l)Itmeans:makethroughexaminationsofthings.(P63)2)6fcReceipt"referstocure,prescription.(P63)3)Thesentencesarefrom“OfStudies"(FrancisBacon).Itisthemostpopularofbacon'sessays.Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter.(P60—61)6アWhat,isgreatMephistophilistopassionateForbeingdeprivedofthejoysofheaven?LearnthouofFaustusmanlyfortitudeAndscornthosejoysthounevershaltpossess.SayhewillsparehimFourandtwentyyearsLettinghimliveinallvoluptuousnessHavingtheeevertoattendonme...Questions:1)Identifythepassageandauthor;2)“Sayhesurrendersuptohimhissoul",whowillsurrenderhissoul?Whatfor?3)Whoarethee?Whatwillhedo?参考答案:Thepassagecomesfrom“Dr.Faustus"writtenbyChristopherMarlowe.(P25—26)Dr.Faustuswillsurrenderhissoultodevil.Becausehewasagreatscholarwhohasastrongdesireto'getknowledge'invain,finallyhe'madeabond'tosellhissoultoDevilinreturnfor24yearsoflifeinwhichhemaygetanythinghedesires.(P22)Thefc4theeM,refersto“Mephistophilis”,theDeviFsservant.HehelpedDr.Faustustodoanythinghewants.(P22)7.“Busyoldfool,unrulysun,Whydoesthouthus,Throughwindowsandthroughcurtainscallonus?”Questions:6)Identifytheworkandauthor.7)Whatideadoesthepassageexpress?参考答案:l)Thepassagecomesfrom“TheSunRising",writtenby'JohnDonne'.(P66)Thespeakerquestionsthesun'sauthorityandspeakscondescendingly,placingthesuninthestatusofasubordinate.Inthelover'skingdom,thesunhasnorighttodictatethetimeofdayorthepassingofseasons.Hispresenceintheirbedchamberisanintrusionontheirprivacy.III.Questionsandanswers:l.HowdoyouknowaboutRenaissance?GiveasummeryaboutEnglishliteratureintheperiod?参考答案:.TheRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetween14th——mid-17thcentury.ItfirststartedinItaly..TheRenaissancemeansrebirthorrevival——thediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture.3.Inessence,TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarstriedtogetridoftheoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie/middleclass,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionofRomanCatholicchurch..HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance Manisthemeasureofallthings.Thehumanismexalted/praisedhumannatureandemphasizedthedignityofhumanbeingsandthepresentlife.Theythoughtmanhadtherighttoenjoythebeautyoflifeandhadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandmadewonders,whichgotreadyfortheappearanceofthegreatElizabethanwritersinBritain.Poetryanddramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryforms..Shakespeare,MarloweandFrancisBaconetc.weretheremarkablerepresentativesoftheEnglishRenaissance.(可参考课本P7—12)PleasegiveabriefanalysisofHamlet's"Tobeornottobe"soliloquy(独白).参考答案：“Tobeornottobe"is'aphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath'.Thesoliloquycondemnedthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorruptionoftheworld,andrevealedthecharacterofHamlet—so'speculative,questioning,contemplativeandmelancholy./gloomy'.Itwasnotbecausehewasnotabletotakeactiontorevenge,butbecauseofhis'hesitative/hesitantcharacter',whenthechanceforactioncame,itseemeddefeat.Itcanbeinterpretedas:Hamletbearstheheavyburdenofthedutytorevengehisfather'sdeath,heisforcedtoliveinthesuspenseoffactsandfiction,languageandaction.Heconsidersthatitwouldbebetterto'commitsuicide',butbeingscaredofwhatmighthappentohimintheafterlife.Soheputoffthethingbecauseofthesin.Heconsiderstheplancarefullyonlytofindreasonfornotcarryingitout.Thesoliloquyconveys'thesenseofworld-weariness(Mitt)9.(P33-34)WhatcommonfeaturesdothecharactersshareinMarlow'sworks?(Nomorethan150words)参考答案:ThecreationofTheRenaissanceheroisoneofMarlow'scontributions.l)Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition,facingbravelythechallengefromgodandmen.Theyhadhumandignityandcapacity,tryingtogetheaven/highestideasontheearthbytheirownefforts.2)Forexample:TamburlaineisacharacterwrittenbyMarlowe.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambitionandsheerbrutalforc4einconquering,Marlowevoicedthesupremedesireofmanforinfinite/limitlesspowerandauthority.InD匚Faustus,Marlowecelebratedthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness.TamburlaineandDr.FaustusaretypicalinowningsuchRenaissancespirit,Tamburlaine,beingacruelconquer,foundhappinessinconqueringotherkingdom.Onlydeathcoulddefeathim.WhileDr.Faustus,amoreintrospectiveandphilosophicalfigure,hadhighspiritforknowledgebuthehadsinforhavingdespairinGodandtrustinDevil.(P20—22)WhatarethemainthemesofShakespeare'splays?参考答案:Shakespeare'splaysaredividedinto3types:comedies,tragediesandhistoricalplays.Hishistoricalplaysarewiththetheme nationalunityunderamightandjustsovereign/rulerisnecessary.2)Inhisromanticcomedies,hetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardlovefriendshipandyouth.3)Inhistragedies,Shakespearealwaysportrayssomenobleheroes,whofacestheinjusticeoflifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofhisnation.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Wealsoseetheconflictbetweentheindividualandtheevilforceinthesociety.Andhismajorcharactersarealwaysindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.PleasecommentonthecharacterofSatanin“ParadiseLost."参考答案:Satanisarebellious(叛逆的)figureagainstGodinliterature,defeated,heandhisrebelangelswerecastintohell.However,Satanrefusedtoaccepthisfailure,swearingthat"allwasnotlost"andthathewouldrevengeforhisdownfall.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofSatan'scharacter,whichwastheimportantspiritoftherisingmiddleclass.WhilehetemptedAdamandEve,whichprovedhisevilness.WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheHumanism?参考答案:l)'Humanism'istheessenceofRenaissance.2)Humanistsseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespise(轻视)butto'question,explore,andenjoy'.3)Theyalsobelievethatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders(仓リ造奇迹).(P8)Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriodChoosetherightanswer:.bringsHenryFieldingthenameofthe"ProseHomer”.A.ThePilgrim'sProgressB.TomJonesC.RobisonCrusoeD.ColonelJackAnswer:B(Pl22)AlexanderPopeworkedpainstakinglyonhispoemsandfinallybroughttoitslastperfectionDrydenhadsuccessfullyusedinhisplays.A.theheroiccoupletB.thefreeverseC.theblankverseD.theSpenserianstanzaAnswer:A(P92)Ofallthe18thcenturynovelists wasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespeciallya"comicepicinprose."A.HenryFieldingB.DanielDefoeC.JonathanSwiftDJohnBunyanAnswer:A(Pl20)isthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.A.GenesisAB.TheHolyWarC.ThePilgrimsprogressD.ExodusAnswer:C(P85)Inwhichofthefollowingworkscanyoufindthepropernames"Lilliput","Brobdingnag","Houyhnhnm"and"Yahoo"?A.ThePilgrim'sProgressB.TheFaririeQueeneC.Gulliver'stravelsD.TheSchoolofScandelAnswer:C(Pl08)"Asshadesmoresweetlyrecommendthelight,Somodestplainnesssetsoffsprightlywit;Forworksmayhavemorewitthandoes'emgoodAsbodiesperishthroughexcessofblood."Intheabovelines,Popetriestosatthat.A.morewitwillmakebetterpoetryB.plainnessismoreimportantthanwitinpoetryC.toomuchwitwilldestroygoodpoetryD.plainnesswillmakewitdullAnswer:C(P93-94)TheRapeoftheLockbyAlexanderPopeiswrittenintheformofamock,whichdescribesthetrivialityofhighsocietyinagrandstyle.A.epicB.elegyC.sonnetD.odeAnswer:A(P92)WhichofthefollowingisNOTatypicalfeatureofSamuelJohnson'slanguagestyle?A.Hissentencesarelongandwellstructured.B.Hissentencesareinterwovenwithparallelwords.C.Hetendstouseinformalandcolloquialwords.D.Hissentencesarecomplicated,buthisthoughtsareclearlyexpressed.Answer:C(Pl32)"Theboastofheraldry,thepompofpower,Andallthatbeauty,allthatwealthe'ergave,Awaitsaliketheinevitablehour.Intheabovequotedpassage,ThomasGrayintendstosaythatgreatfamily,power,beautyandwealth.A.willnevermakepeopleleadtothesamedestination--一pathsofglory.B.willinevitablymakepeoplerealizetheirgloriousdreamsC.aretheverybestthingstoleadpeopletotheirgloriesD.willneverpreventpeoplefromreachingtheirfinaldestination—grave.Answer:D(P154)hasbeenregardedbysomeas"FatheroftheEnglishnoveドforhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernnovel.A.JohnBunyanB.HenryFieldingC.DanielDefoeD.JohnathanSwiftAnswer:B(Pl21)wasverymuchconcernedwiththethemeofthevanityofhumanwishesandtriedtoawakenmentothisfollyandhopedtocurethemofitthroughhiswriting.A.SamuelJohnsonB.JonathanSwiftC.RichardBrinsleySheridanD.ThomasGrayAnswer:A(P132)wastheonlyimportantdramatistofthe18thcentury,inhisplays,moralityistheconstanttheme.A.AlexanderPopeB.RichardBrinsleySheridanC.SamuelJohnsonD.GeorgeBernardShawAnswer:B(P136)AstherepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,Popewasoneofthefirsttointroduce toEngland.A.RationalismB.CriticismC.RomanticismD.RealismAnswer:A(P91)TheRivalsandaregenerallyregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpieceofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.A.TheSchoolforScandalB.TheDuennaC.Widower'sHousesD.TheDoctor'sDilemmaAnswer:A(P137)isasharpsatireonthemoraldegeneracy(坦德沦丧)ofthearistocratic-bourgeoissocietyinthe18thcenturyEngland.A.TheRivalsB.Gulliver'sTravelsC.TomsJonesD.TheSchoolforScandalAnswer:D(P138)rrhepoem"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard"byThomasGrayisregardedasthemostrepresentativeworkof.A.TheMetaphysicalSchoolB.TheGraveyardSchoolC.TheGothicSchoolD.TheRomanticSchoolAnswer:B(Pl52),writteninheroiccoupletbyPope,isconsideredmanifestoofEnglishNeoclassicism.A.AnEssayofDramaticPoetryB.AnEssayonCriticismC.TheAdvancingoflearningD.AnEssayonFreedomAnswer:B(P93)isatypicalfeatureofSwift'swritings.A.ElegantstyleB.CausalnarrationC.BittersatireD.ComplicatedsentencestructureAnswer:C(Pl07)InthefollowingwritingsbyHenryFielding,whichbringshimthenameofthe"ProseHomer"?A.TheCoffee-一HousePolitician.B.TheTragedyofTragedies.C.TheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundling.D.TheHistoryofAmelia.Answer:C(Pl20)nHold!Seewhetheritisornotbeforeyougotothedoor——Ihaveaparticularmessageforyouifitshouldbemybrother.0Thetwosentencesarefoundin.A.TheSchoolforScandalB.TheRivalsC.TheCriticD.TheSchemingLieutenantAnswer:A(P139)IntermsofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,whichiswrong?A.Theauthoremploysmetaphorinthispoem.B.Theauthorexcessivelyexpresseshispersonalmelancholy.C.Hereherevealshissympathyforthepoorandtheunknown.D.Hemocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoconthem.Answer:B(P152-153)TheHouyhnhnmsdepictedbyJonathanSwiftinGulliver'sTravelsare.A.horsesthatareendowedwithreason.B.pigmiesthatareendowedwithadmirablequalitiesC.giantsthataresuperiorinwisdom.D.Hairy,wild,lowanddespicablecreatures,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinsomeotherways.Answer:A(P108)II.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:"Wordsarelikeleaves;andwheretheymostabound,Muchfruitofsensebeneathisrarelyfound.Falseeloquence,liketheprismaticglass,Itsgaudycolorsspreadsoneveryplace;ThefaceofNaturewenomoresurvey,Allglaresalike,withoutdistinctiongay."Questions:Identifytheauthorandthepassage;Namethedevicesusedinthepassagewithexamples;Explain''Words....found".Whatisthemainlyimpliedideaofthepassage?参考答案:ThepassageisfromPope's"AnEssayonCriticism".(P94)Inthepassagetheauthorused"Simile"thedevice,e.g."Wordsarelikeleaves"and"falseeloquence,liketheprismaticglass'etc.Thesentencemeans:Where/Whentoomanywordsareused,theyseldomexpressmuchsense.Thepassageimpliesauthorsshouldn'tstresstoomuchtheartificialuseofConceitortheexternalbeautyoflanguage,theyshouldpayspecialattentiontoTrueWit,whichisbestsetintheplainstyle,(justastoomanyleaveswillcoverthefruits,toogaudy/showyglasswillhidethefacetheNature,toofalseandeloquentlanguagewillhidetheWitinthearticles.)<P93>"LetnotAmbitionmocktheirusefultoil,Theirhomelyjoys,anddestinyobscure;NorGrandeurhearwithadisdainfulsmileTheshortandsimpleannalsofthepoor.Theboastofheraldry,thepompofpower,Andallthatbeauty,allthatwealthe'ergave,Awaitsaliketheinevitablehour.Thepathsofgloryleadbuttothegrave."Questions:Identifytheauthorandtheworks;2)Whatdoes"theinevitablehour"?3)Explainthefirststanza;4)Whatdoesthewholepassageimply.参考答案:ThisisThomasGray'sHElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard".托马斯・格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)"Theinevitablehour"meanstimeofdeath.(Pl56)Thefirststanzameans:Themenwithambitionandhighpositionshouldn'tlaughattheordinarypeoplefortheirsimplelifeandhardwork.Inthepassage,thepoetreflectsonthedeath-■・一nomatterhowpoororwealthy,orhowimportantandhumble,everyisequalbeforedeath,theauthorgivesmuchsympathytothepoorandunknown(P153)III.Questionsandanswers:I.PleaseanalyzetheNeoclassicalperiodandthecharactersoftheliterature.参考答案:l)TheNeoclassicalperiodisabout1660-1798,alsoknownas"theAgeofEnlightenment"or"theageofReason".2)Itsbackgroundwas:a.Itwasanagefullofconflictsanddifferenceofvalues;b.ItwasanageoffastdevelopmentforEnglishtobecomethefirstpowerfulcapitalistcountryintheworld;c.Itwasanageofeconomicdevelopment,inwhichbourgeois/middleclassgrewrapidly.3)Inessence,theNeoclassicalPeriodwasaprogressiveintellectualmovement.4)TheEnlightenersbelievedinself-restraint,self-relianceandhardwork;Theycelebratedreason/rationality,equalityandscience.Theyadvocateduniversaleducation,whichcouldmakepeoplerationalandprefect,theybelieved.5)Inliterature,TheEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheancientGreekandRomanclassicalworks;theworksatthetime,heavilydidacticandmoralizing;havingfixedlawsandrulesforeverytypeoftheliterature;amongwhichproseandthemodernEnglishnovelpredominatedtheage.(AttheendoftheagesentimentalismandGothicNovelappeared.)6)TheagewasanimportantagewiththeremarkableauthorsPope,Defoe,etc.<P79 83>Pleaseciteexamplesfrom“Gulliver'sTravels"toexplainbrieflyhowdidSwiftcriticizedandalludetothegovernmentandthesociety.参考答案:l)Inthefirstpartofthe"Gulliver'sTravels",Swiftdescribedthetricksandpracticesinthecompetitionheldbeforeroyalmemberstoalludetothefactthatthesuccessoftheofficialswasnotfortheirwisdomandexcellencebutfortheirskillsinthegames;2)Inthepart4ofthebook,Swiftmadehorseswithreasonandgoodqualities.Thecitizenswhoare"hairy,wild,lowanddespicablebrutes,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinalmosteveryway"tocriticize/satirizeallrespectsoftheEnglishandEuropeanlife,andurgepeopletoconsiderthenatureofthehumanandlife.(P108-109)Peoplealwayssaythat:"Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Defoespokeforandtothemembersofhisclass".Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?Pleaseexplainitwiththecharacterofhim.参考答案:Inmostofhisworks,Defoegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdymiddleclassandshowedhissympathyforthelower-classpeople.RobinsonCrusoewassuchacharacter.Robisongoesouttosea,getsshipwreckedandmarooned/landedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24yearsthereandfinallyissavedbyashipandreturnstoEngland.DuringtheperiodRobinsonleadsaharshandlonelylifeandsurvivesbygrowingcorps,taminganimals,etc.growingfromanaiveyoungmanintoahardenedman.Withagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy(精力充沛)，courageandpersistenceinovercomingdifficulties(在克服困难方面持之以恒),instrugglingagainstnature,Crusoebecomestheprototype/representativeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.(他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范,同时也是殖民者的先驱).Inthenovel,Defoeglorifiedhumanlaborandthepuritanfortitudewhichthemid