建筑学常见英语词汇

建筑学常用英文词汇designbasis设计根据

筹划建议书planningproposals[prə'pəʊz(ə)l]

设计任务书designorder

原则规范standardsandcodes

条件图informationdrawing

设计基本资料basicdatafordesign

工艺流程图processflowchart

工程地质资料engineeringgeologicaldata

原始资料original[ə'rɪdʒənl]data

设计进度schedule['skɛdʒul]ofdesign

b.stageofdesign设计阶段

方案scheme[skiːm],draft

草图sketch

会谈纪要summaryofdiscussion

谈判negotiation[nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]

可行性研究feasibility[fiːzɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]study

初步设计preliminary[prɪ'lɪmɪn(ə)rɪ]design

基本设计basicdesign

具体设计detaildesign

询价图enquiry[ɪn'kwaɪrɪ]drawing

施工图workingdrawing,constructiondrawing

竣工图as-builtdrawing

c.climatecondition气象条件

日照sunshine

风玫瑰windrose

主导风向prevailing[prɪ'veɪlɪŋ]winddirection

最大(平均)风速maximum(mean)windvelocity[vɪ'lɒsɪtɪ]

风荷载windload

最大(平均)降雨量maximum(mean)rainfall

雷击及闪电thunderandlightning

飓风hurricane[hʌrɪˌken]

台风typhoon[taɪ'fuːn]

旋风cyclone['saɪklon]

降雨强度rainfallintensity

年降雨量annual['ænjuəl]rainfall

湿球温度wetbulbtemperature

干球温度drybulbtemperature

冰冻期frost[frɔst]period

冰冻线frostline

冰冻区frostzone

室外计算温度calculatingoutdoortemperature

采暖地区regionwithheatingprovision[prə'vɪʒn]

不采暖地区regionwithoutheatingprovision

绝对大气压absoluteatmospheric[,ætməs'fɛrɪk]pressure

相对湿度relativehumidity

d.generalroomname常用房间名称

办公室office

服务用房serviceroom

换班室shiftroom

休息室restroom(breakroom)

起居室livingroom

浴室bathroom

淋浴间shower

更衣室lockerroom

厕所lavatory['lævət(ə)rɪ]

门厅lobby['lɒbɪ]

诊室clinic['klɪnɪk]

工作间workshop

电气开关室switchroom

走廊corridor['kɒrɪdɔː]

档案室archive['ɑrkaɪv]

电梯机房liftmotorroom

车库garage['gærɑː(d)ʒ]

清洁间cleaningroom洗衣房/干洗房laundry['lɔːndrɪ]room

会议室(正式)conference['kɑnfərəns]room

会议室meetingroom

衣柜间ward[wɔːd]robe[rəʊb]

暖风间h.v.a.croom(HeatingVentilationAirConditioning)

饭店restaurant

餐厅canteen,diningroom

厨房kitchen

入口entrance

接待处receptionarea

会计室accountantroom

秘书室secretary['sekrɪt(ə)rɪ]room

电气室electricalroom

控制室controlroom

工长室foreman['fɔːmən]office

开关柜室switchgear[gɪə]

前室antecabinet['kæbɪnɪt](ante.)

生产区productionarea

马达控制中心mcc(MotorControlCenter)

多功能用房utility[juːˈtɪlɪtɪ]room

化验室laboratory['læbrə'tɔri]room

经理室managerroom

披屋(阁楼)penthouse

警卫室guard[ɡɑrd]house

e.roofingandceiling屋面及天棚

女儿墙parapet['pærəpɪt]

雨蓬canopy['kænəpɪ]

屋脊roofridge[rɪdʒ]

坡度slope

坡跨比pitch

分水线water-shed[ʃed]

二毡三油2layersoffelt[felt]&3coatsofbitumastic[,bitju:'mæstik]沥青砂胶

附加油毡一层extraply[plaɪ]厚度、板层offelt

檐口eave[i:v]

挑檐overhangingeave

檐沟eavegutter

平屋面flatroof

坡屋面pitchedroof

雨水管downspout['daʊnspaʊt],rainwaterpipe)(r.w.p)

汇水面积catchmentarea

泛水flashing

内排水interiordrainage['dreɪnɪdʒ]

外排水exterior[ɪk'stɪrɪɚ]drainage

滴水drip

屋面排水roofdrainage

找平层levelingcourse[kɔːs]

卷材屋面built-uproofing

天棚ceiling

檩条purlin['pɜːlɪn]

屋面板roofingboard

天花板ceilingboard

防水层water-proofcourse

检查孔inspection[ɪn'spekʃn]hole

人孔manhole

吊顶suspended[sə'spendid]ceiling,false[fɔls]ceiling

檐板(窗帘盒)cornice['kɔːnɪs]

f.wall(cladding)墙体(外墙板)

砖墙brickwall

砌块墙blockwall

清水砖墙brickwallwithoutplastering

抹灰墙renderedwall

石膏板墙gypsumboard,plasterboard

空心砖墙hollowbrickwall

承重墙bearingwall

非承重墙non-bearingwall

纵墙longitudinalwall

横墙transversewall

外墙external(exterior)wall

内墙internal(interior)wall

填充墙fillerwall

防火墙firewall

窗间墙wallbetweenwindow

空心墙cavitywall

压顶coping

圈梁gird,girt,girth

玻璃隔断glazedwall

防潮层damp-proofcourse(d.p.c)

遮阳板sunshade

阳台balcony

伸缩缝expansionjoint

沉降缝settlementjoint

抗震缝seismicjoint

复合夹心板sandwichboard

压型单板corrugatedsinglesteelplate

外墙板claddingpanel

复合板compositepanel

轻质隔断light-weightpartition

牛腿bracket

砖烟囱brickchimney

勒脚(基座)plinth

g.floorandtrench地面及地沟

地坪grade

地面和楼面groundandfloor

素土夯实rammedearth

炉渣夯实tampedcinder

填土filledearth

回填土夯实tampedbackfill

垫层beddingcourse,blinding

面层covering,finish

结合层bonding(binding)course

找平层levelingcourse

素水泥浆结合层neatcementbindingcourse

混凝土地面concretefloor

水泥地面cementfloor

机器磨平混凝土地面machinetrowelledconcretefloor

水磨石地面terrazzoflooring

马赛克地面mosaicflooring

瓷砖地面ceramictileflooring

油地毡地面linoleumflooring

预制水磨石地面precastterrazzoflooring

硬木花地面hard-woodparquetflooring

搁栅joist

硬木毛地面hard-woodroughflooring

企口板地面tonguedandgroovedflooring

防酸地面acid-resistantfloor

钢筋混凝土楼板reinforcedconcreteslab(r.cslab)

乙烯基地面vinylflooring

水磨石嵌条dividerstripforterrazzo

地面做2％坡floorwith2%slope

集水沟gully

集水口gulley

排水沟drainagetrench

沟盖板trenchcover

活动盖板removablecoverplate

集水坑sumppit

孔翻边holeupstand

电缆沟cabletrench

h.doors,glass,windows&ironmongery(hardware)门、玻璃、窗及五金件

木(钢)门wooden(steel)door

镶板门panelleddoor

夹板门plywooddoor

铝合金门aluminumalloydoor

卷帘门rollershutterdoor

弹簧门swingdoor

推拉门slidingdoor

平开门side-hungdoor

折叠门foldingdoor

旋转门revolvingdoor

玻璃门glazeddoor

密闭门air-tightdoor

保温门thermalinsulatingdoor

镀锌铁丝网门galvanizedsteelwiremeshdoor

防火门firedoor

(大门上旳)小门wicket

门框doorframe

门扇doorleaf

门洞dooropening

构造开洞structuralopening

单扇门singledoor

双扇门doubledoor

疏散门emergencydoor

纱门screendoor

门槛doorsill

门过梁doorlintel

上冒头toprail

下冒头bottomrail

门边木stile

门樘侧料sidejumb

槽口notch

木窗woodenwindow

钢窗steelwindow

铝合金窗aluminumalloywindow

百叶窗(通风为主)sun-bind,louver(louver,shutter,blind)

塑钢窗plasticsteelwindow

空腹钢窗hollowsteelwindow

固定窗fixedwindow

平开窗side-hungwindow

推拉窗slidingwindow

气窗transom

上悬窗top-hungwindow

中悬窗center-pivotedwindow

下悬窗hopperwindow

活动百叶窗adjustablelouver

天窗skylight

老虎窗dormerwindow

密封双层玻璃sealeddoubleglazing

钢筋混凝土过梁reinforcedconcretelintel

钢筋砖过梁reinforcedbricklintel

窗扇casementsash

窗台windowsill

窗台板windowboard

窗中梃mullion

窗横木mutin

窗边木stile

压缝条covermould

窗帘盒curtainbox

合页(铰链)hinge(butts)

转轴pivot

长脚铰链parliamenthinge

闭门器doorcloser

地弹簧floorcloser

插销bolt

门锁doorlock

拉手pull

链条chain

门钩doorhanger

碰球balllatch

窗钩windowcatch

暗插销insertbolt

电动开关器electricopener

平板玻璃plateglass

夹丝玻璃wireglass

透明玻璃clearglass

毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)groundglass(frostedglass)

防弹玻璃bullet-proofglass

石英玻璃quartzglass

吸热玻璃heatabsorbingglass

磨光玻璃polishedglass

着色玻璃pigmentedglass

玻璃瓦glasstile

玻璃砖glassblock

有机玻璃organicglass

i.staircase,landing&lift(elevator)楼梯、休息平台及电梯

楼梯stair

楼梯间staircase

疏散梯emergencystair

旋转梯spiralstair(circularstair)

吊车梯craneladder

直爬梯verticalladder

踏步step

扇形踏步winder(wheelstep)

踏步板tread

档步板riser

踏步宽度treadwidth

防滑条non-slipinsert(strips)

栏杆railing(balustrade)

平台栏杆platformrailing

吊装孔栏杆railingaroundmountinghole

扶手handrail

梯段高度heightofflight

防护梯笼protectingcage(safetycage)

平台landing(platform)

操作平台operatingplatform

装卸平台platformforloading&unloading

楼梯平台stairlanding

客梯passengerlift

货梯goodslift

客/货两用梯goods/passengerlift

液压电梯hydrauliclift

自动扶梯escalator

观光电梯observationelevator

电梯机房liftmortarroom

电梯坑liftpit

电梯井道liftshaft

j.buildingmaterialwordsandphrases建筑材料词汇及短语

bricksandtiles砖和瓦

红砖redbrick

粘土砖claybrick

瓷砖glazedbrick(ceramictile)

防火砖firebrick

空心砖hollowbrick

面砖facingbrick

地板砖flooringtile

缸砖clinkerybrick

马赛克mosaic

陶粒混凝土ceramsiteconcrete

琉璃瓦glazedtile

脊瓦ridgetile

石棉瓦asbestostile(shingle)

波形石棉水泥瓦corrugatedasbestoscementsheet

lime,sandandstone灰、砂和石

石膏gypsum

大理石marble

汉白玉whitemarble

花岗岩granite

碎石crushedstone

毛石rubble

蛭石vermiculite

珍珠岩pearlite

水磨石terrazzo

卵石cobble

砾石gravel

粗砂coursesand

中砂mediumsand

细砂finesand

cement,mortarandconcrete水泥、砂浆和混凝土

波特兰水泥(一般硅酸盐水泥)portlandcement

硅酸盐水泥silicatecement

火山灰水泥pozzolanacement

白水泥whitecement

水泥砂浆cementmortar

石灰砂浆limemortar

水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆)cement-limemortar

保温砂浆thermalmortar

防水砂浆water-proofmortar

耐酸砂浆acid-resistantmortar

耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistantmortar

沥青砂浆bituminousmortar

纸筋灰paperstripmixedlimemortar

麻刀灰hempcutlimemortar

灰缝mortarjoint

素混凝土plainconcrete

钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete

轻质混凝土lightweightconcrete

细石混凝土fineaggregateconcrete

沥青混凝土asphaltconcrete

泡沫混凝土foamedconcrete

炉渣混凝土cinderconcrete

facingandplasteringmaterials饰面及粉刷材料

水刷石graniticplaster

斩假石artificialstone

刷浆limewash

可赛银casein

大白浆whitewash

麻刀灰打底hempcutsandlimeasbase

喷大白浆两道sprayedtwicewithwhitewash

分格抹水泥砂浆cementmortarplastersectioned

板条抹灰lathandplaster

asphalt(bitumen)andasbestos沥青和石棉

沥青卷材asphaltfelt

沥青填料asphaltfiller

沥青胶泥asphaltgrout

冷底子油adhesivebitumenprimer

沥青玛啼脂asphalticmastic

沥青麻丝bitumasticoakum

石棉板asbestossheet

石棉纤维asbestosfiber

timber木材

裂缝crack

透裂split

环裂shake

干缩shrinkage

翘曲warping

原木log

圆木roundtimber

方木squaretimber

板材plank

木条batten

板条lath

木板board

红松redpine

白松whitepine

落叶松deciduouspine

云杉spruce

柏木cypress

白杨whitepoplar

桦木birch

冷杉fir

栎木oak

榴木willow

榆木elm

杉木cedar

柚木teak

樟木camphorwood

防腐解决旳木材preservative-treatedlumber

胶合板plywood

三(五)合板3(5)-plywood

企口板tonguedandgroovedboard

层夹板laminatedplank

胶合层夹木材glue-laminatedlumber

纤维板fiber-board

竹子bamboo

metallicmaterials金属材料

黑色金属ferrousmetal

圆钢steelbbar

方钢squaresteel

扁钢steelstrap,flatsteel

型钢steelsection(shape)

槽钢channel

角钢anglesteel

等边角钢equal-legangle

不等边角钢unequal-legangle

工字钢i-beam

宽翼缘工字钢wideflangei-beam

丁(之)字钢t-bar(z-bar)

冷弯薄壁型钢lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape

热轧hot-rolled

冷轧cold-rolled

冷拉cold-drawn

冷压cold-pressed

合金钢alloysteel

钛合金titaniumalloy

不锈钢stainlesssteel

竹节钢筋corrugatedsteelbar

变形钢筋deformedbar

光圆钢筋plainroundbar

钢板steelplate

薄钢板thinsteelplate

低碳钢lowcarbonsteel

冷弯coldbending

钢管steelpipe(tube)

无缝钢管seamlesssteelpipe

焊接钢管weldedsteelpipe

黑铁管ironpipe

镀锌钢管galvanizedsteelpipe

铸铁castiron

生铁pigiron

熟铁wroughtiron

镀锌铁皮galvanizedsteelsheet

镀锌铁丝galvanizedsteelwire

钢丝网steelwiremesh

多孔金属网expandedmetal

锰钢managanesesteel

高强度合金钢highstrengthalloysteel

non-ferrousmetal有色金属

金gold

白金platinum

铜copper

黄铜brass

青铜bronze

银silver

铝aluminum

铅lead

anti-corrosionmaterials防腐蚀材料

聚乙烯polythene,polyethylene

尼龙nylon

聚氯乙烯pvc(polyvinylchloride)

聚碳酸酯polycarbonate

聚苯乙烯polystyrene

丙烯酸树酯acrylicresin

乙烯基酯vinylester

橡胶内衬rubberlining

氯丁橡胶neoprene

沥青漆bitumenpaint

环氧树脂漆epoxyresinpaint

氧化锌底漆zincoxideprimer

防锈漆anti-rustpaint

耐酸漆acid-resistantpaint

耐碱漆alkali-resistantpaint

水玻璃sodiumsilicate

树脂砂浆resin-bondedmortar

环氧树脂epoxyresin

buildinghardware建筑五金

钉子nails

螺纹屋面钉spiral-threadedroofingnail

环纹石膏板钉annular-ringgypsumboardnail

螺丝screws

平头螺丝flat-headscrew

螺栓bolt

一般螺栓commercialbolt

高强螺栓highstrengthbolt

预埋螺栓insertbolt

胀锚螺栓cinchbolt

垫片washer

paint油漆

底漆primer

防锈底漆rust-inhibitiveprimer

防腐漆anti-corrosionpaint

调和漆mixedpaint

无光漆flatpaint

透明漆varnish

银粉漆aluminumpaint

磁漆enamelpaint

干性油dryingoil

稀释剂thinner

焦油tar

沥青漆asphaltpaint

桐油tungoil,chinesewoodoil

红丹redlead

铅油leadoil

腻子putty

k.otherarchitecturalterms其他建筑术语

discipline专业

建筑architecture

土木civil

给排水watersupplyanddrainage

总图plotplan

采暖通风h.v.a.c(heating、ventilationandairconditioning)

电力供应electricpowersupply

电气照明electriclighting

电讯telecommunication

仪表instrument

热力供应heatpowersupply

动力mechanicalpower

工艺processtechnology

管道piping

conventionalterms一般通用名词

建筑原理architectonics

建筑形式architecturalstyle

民用建筑civilarchitecture

都市建筑urbanarchitecture

农村建筑ruralarchitecture

农业建筑farmbuilding

工业建筑industrialbuilding

重工业旳heavyindustrial

轻工业旳lightindustrial

古代建筑ancientarchitecture

现代建筑modernarchitecture

原则化建筑standardizedbuildings

附属建筑auxiliarybuildings

都市规划cityplanning

厂区内withinsite

厂区外offsite

封闭式closedtype

开敞式opentype

半开敞式semi-opentype

模数制modularsystem

单位造价unitcost

概算preliminaryestimate

承包商constructor,contractor

现场site

扩建extension

改建reconstruction

防火fire-prevention

防震aseismatic,quake-proof

防腐anti-corrosion

防潮dump-proof

防水water-proof

防尘dust-proof

防锈rust-proof

车流量trafficvolume

货流量freighttrafficvolume

人流量pedestrianvolume

透视图perspectivedrawing

建筑模型buildingmodel

architecturalphysics建筑物理

照明illumination

照度degreeofillumination

亮度brightness

日照sunshine

天然采光naturallighting

光强lightintensity

侧光sidelight

顶光toplight

眩光glaze

方位角azimuth

辐射radiation

对流convection

传导conduction

遮阳sun-shade

保温thermalinsulation

恒温constanttemperature

恒湿constanthumidity

噪音noise

隔音sound-proof

吸音soundabsorption

露点dewpoint

隔汽vapor-proof

nameofprofessionalrole职务名称

项目经理projectmanager(pm)

设计经理designmanager

首席建筑师principalarchitect

总工程师chiefengineer

土木工程师civilengineer

工艺工程师processengineer

电气工程师electricalengineer

机械工程师mechanicalengineer

筹划工程师planningengineer

助理工程师assistantengineer

实习生probationer

专家specialist,expert

制图员draftsman

技术员technician

drafting制图

总阐明generalspecification

工程阐明projectspecification

采用原则规范目录listofstandardsandspecificationadopted

图纸目录listofdrawings

平面图plan

局部放大图detailwithenlargedscale

．．．平面示意图schematicplanof...

．．．平剖面图sectionalplanof...

留孔平面图planofprovisionofholes

剖面section

纵剖面longitudinalsection

横剖面cross(transverse)section

立面elevation

正立面frontelevation

透视图perspectivedrawing

侧立面sideelevation

背立面backelevation

详图detaildrawings

典型节点typicaldetail

节点号detailno.

首页frontpage

图纸目录及阐明listofcontentsanddescription

图例legend

示意图diagram

草图sketch

荷载简图loaddiagram

流程示意图flowdiagram

原则图standarddrawing

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地形图topographicalmap

土方工程图earth-workdrawing

展开图developeddrawing

模板图formworkdrawing

配筋arrangementofreinforcement

表格tables

工程进度表workingschedule

技术经济指标technicalandeconomicalindex

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