跨文化交际实用教程unit8市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

Unit8HumorInterpretationinInterculturalEncountersCultureisaBridge.第1页EnglishgasstationAllGreektome:Meaninglessandincomprehensiblelikesomeonewhocannotread,speak,orunderstandanyoftheGreeklanguagewouldbe.

AllInTheSameBoat:Wheneveryoneisfacingthesamechallenges.

AnArmAndALeg:Veryexpensive.Alargeamountofmoney.第2页EnglishgasstationATasteOfYourOwnMedicine:Whenyouaremistreatedthesamewayyoumistreatothers.BeatADeadHorse:Toforceanissuethathasalreadyended.BeatingAroundTheBush:Avoidingthemaintopic.Notspeakingdirectlyabouttheissue.第3页英格兰人谈论苏格兰人和爱尔兰人3则笑话:

1.一个爱尔兰人给旅游企业打电话：“我坐飞机到伦敦将用多长时间？”办事员想看看飞机时刻表，对他说：“（请等）一分钟，先生！”“非常感激！”爱尔兰人满意地答道并挂上了电话。

2.一个苏格兰人从英格兰回到了家。家人问道：“在伦敦怎么样？”苏格兰人答道：“还行！就是那些英格兰人很奇怪。我住在旅馆时，他们像疯子一样在我隔壁敲了一夜墙。”“那你当初干什么呢？”“我没干什么！我只是吹了一夜笛子！”

3.一个爱尔兰人前来伦敦度假，住进一家高级饭店。服务生拿起箱子，带他去房间。爱尔兰人生气地说：“看着点儿！别认为我来自爱尔兰，就让我住进这么个小房间！”服务生连忙解释道：“别生气，先生！这是电梯。”第4页UnitedNationsSurveyLastmonth,aworldsurveywasconductedbytheUN.Theonlyquestionaskedwas:"Wouldyoupleasegiveyourhonestopinionaboutsolutionstothefoodshortageintherestoftheworld."Thesurveywasahugefailure...InAfricatheydidn'tknowwhat"food"meant.InEasternEuropetheydidn'tknowwhat"honest"meant.InWesternEuropetheydidn'tknowwhat"shortage"meant.InChinatheydidn'tknowwhat"opinion"meant.IntheMiddleEasttheydidn'tknowwhat"solution"meant.InSouthAmericatheydidn'tknowwhat"please"meant,andIntheUSAtheydidn'tknowwhat"therestoftheworld"meant.第5页第6页Humor第7页第8页Failuretounderstandhumorisacommonoccurrence.

“Youarealsohuman”AcomplimentinAmerica,butcauseembarrassmentinChina.第9页Chapter1:

HumorasaPathwaytoInterculturalCommunicationCompetenceHumorgoesbeyondlanguage.Learninghowtoexplainhumorandhowtoaskquestionsabouthumorisimportantforinterculturalcommunication.Atwo-stageprocessisinvolvedinsharinghumorbetweennativeandnon-nativespeakers.第10页Stage1:makingnewconversationalrules.Therearemanyreasonswhyitishardtoexplainhumor.vocabularysayingsandidiomsbackgroundknowledgesomestereotypedimages第11页ElementsthatmayhinderourunderstandingofEnglishhumorVocabulary“Quid”isthemodernwordforwhatwasoncecalleda"shilling”.friendsarecalled“tossers”.Ifyouarefondofsomeone,youshouldtellhimheisa“greattosser”--hewillbetouched.Sayingsandidiomsascloseasanoyster嘴很紧polishtheapple讨人欢心;拍马屁第12页Backgroundknowledge“We’renotamused.”ThiscelebratedremarkwasfromQueenVictoria,whowasexpressingherdissatisfactiontowardsomethingmeanttobehumorous.

SomestereotypedimagesScientistsareconsiderednerdyandugly.第13页RuleforNonnativeSpeakers1.Abandontheoldconversationalrule：2.Makethenewconversationalrule：3.Behaviornecessarytoimplementnewconversationalrule：第14页1.Abandontheoldconversationalrule：

Admittingincomprehension（不了解）andaskingquestionsabouthumorisstupid.第15页2.Makethenewconversationalrule：askingquestionsabouthumorisacceptableanditisasignofcourageratherthanincompetence（无能力）AsConfuciussaid,"itisbettertobestupidforthreeminutesthanforanentirelifetime."第16页3.BehaviornecessarytoimplementnewconversationalruleAskingquestionsandregulatingconversationsintermsofidiomaticverbalandnonverbalexpressions.第17页CulturalandpersonalidiomaticverbalandnonverbalexpressionsIdiomaticverbalexpressionsit’swayovermyhead!Ididn’tgetit.Itleftmeoutinthecold.Whoa!Thatwastooquickforme.IdiomaticnonverbalexpressionsA“T”gesture.Raisingthepalmofthehandbeginningatthemiddleoftheforeheadupovertheheadaccompaniedbyajetlightsound第18页Idiomaticnonverbalexpressions

A”T”gesturesRaisingthepalmofthehandbeginningatthemiddleoftheforeheadupovertheheadaccompaniedbyajetlightsound第19页RuleforNativeSpeakers1.Abandontheoldconversationalrule：2.Makethenewconversationalrule：3.Behaviornecessarytoimplementnewconversationalrule：第20页1.Abandontheoldconversationalrule：

Checkingwhetherthepartnerunderstandshumoristreatinghimorherasanignorantchild,whichisrudeandinappropriate第21页2.Makethenewconversationalrule：activelycheckingincomprehensionandencouragingquestionsassistsinterculturalunderstanding,whichisasignofmaturityandhonestyratherthanimpropriety第22页3.BehaviornecessarytoimplementnewconversationalruleDoublechecknonnativepartner’scomprehensionIndicatethefactthatevennativespeakerssometimesfailtounderstandthehumorAffirmandencouragethenecessityofaskingquestions第23页Step2:explaininghumor“Outoftheordinary”Cultureisusuallyimpartedinatacitway.tacit['tæsit]adj.

心照不宣,

缄默,

默示Theyhaveatacitunderstanding.他俩心照不宣。第24页ComparisonofsyllogismandenthymemeSyllogismMajorpremise(s)minorpremise(s)Conclusion

Enthymeme…minorpremise(s)…premise['premis,

'premis,pri'maiz]

n.

前提Iwonderwhetherthewholepremiseisright.我怀疑整个前提是否正确。

第25页Concepts:syllogism[‘silədʒizm,

’silə.dʒizəm]n.

三段论法,

演绎推理,

诡辩Asyllogisminvolvesathree-stepformalreasoningprocessassociatedwithformallogic.Itconsistsofthreepremises.enthymeme[‘enθə.mi:m]n.

省略推理法,

省略三段论法Piecesofsyllogismareusuallymissing.Theyareassumedtobeunderstood.Aspeakerhastorelyonhisorheraudiencetoprovidethemissingpremisestoreachtheconclusion.第26页syllogismScientistareusuallynerdyandugly.(themajorpremise)Samuelisascientist.(theminorpremise)Samuelisquitenerdyandugly.(theconclusion)enthymemeMajorpremise(s)missingminorpremise(s)provided(humorortext)Conclusionmissing第27页Chapter2：

ConvertingEnthymemeintoSyllogism第28页YoumightgetconfusedMeatmarket?beef?Pork?Meetmarketabarornightclubwherepeoplecanmeetforsocialorromanticpurposes第29页Threestepsinconverting:1.ExplainingtheMinorPremises2.ConstructingtheMissingMajorPremises3.(Not)ReachingConclusions第30页Step1ExplainingtheMinorPremisesExplaintheexplicitmessagesseeninthecartoonAcoupleofscientistsinabartryto“meet”people第31页Step2ConstructingtheMissingMajorPremises

Missingpremise(a)theordinarymeatmarketbehaviorMissingpremise(b)thestereotypesofscientists(Scientistsareoftenportrayedas“nerdy”,meaningawkward,unfashionable,boring,andsociallyinept)第32页Nonnativespeakersmayunderstand:Ascientificmeatmarketisabarwherenerdypeopletrytoseekromanticencountersandstrikeupconversationsbyshowingoffimpressivescholarlyoracademiccredentialraterthanphysicalattractiveness,socialstatus,andwealth.Step2ConstructingtheMissingMajorPremises

第33页Step3ReachingConclusionorNotReachedinanalogousculturalcontextIfnot,humorousconclusionscannotbereached.a)theirbarsaredifferentfromthebarsinAmericab)thestereotypesofscientistsarepositive第34页Step3ReachingConclusionorNo