美国超验主义英语介绍课件

RalphWaldoEmerson

爱默生

HenryDavidThoreau

梭罗AmericanTranscendentalism

美国超验主义Abroad,philosophicalmovementinNewEnglandduringtheRomanticera（peak：1836-1855）thefirstAmericanintellectualmovement.StartedbyagroupofpeopleintheTranscendentalClubinthe1830swhopublishedtheirviewsinthejournal

TheDialHistoricalbackground

Transcendentalistbelievedinstinctorintuitionisthedeepestlevelofman’ssoul.Theytriedtofindtruththroughfeeling,ratherthanthroughlogic.Sotheywritenotinalogicalway.Wecansaytheyformedamovementoffeelings&beliefsratherthanasystemofphilosophy.

BriefIntroductionThemajorfeaturesof

Transcendentalists

1.emphasisonSpiritortheOversoul

---Oversoulisaunitary（统一的）powerofgoodness，omnipresent（无所不在的）andomnipotent（无所不能的），fromwhichallthingscameandofwhicheveryonewasapart。

2.

theimportanceoftheindividual

3.

natureisthesymbolofSpiritorGod1.至善absolutegood2.纯洁无暇unspottedinnocenceofnature3.人具有神性humanitywasgodlikeandthatevilwasnonexistentappearedtobeanoptimisticfollyCreedsSources

1.欧洲浪漫主义文学【theromanticliteratureofEurope】

2.新柏拉图主义【neo-Platonism】

3.德国理想主义哲学【Germanidealisticphilosophy】

4.东方神秘主义【Orientalmysticism】

Weaknesses

Thetranscendentalistmovementhadasmallmembershipandonlylastedforafewyears.Thetranscendentalismwasneverasystematicphilosophy.Itborrowedfrommanysources.ThefailureoftranscendentalismasamoralforceinAmericanlifewasitsdenialofitsrealspiritualorigin.

RalphWaldoEmersonNature.ItistheBibleoftranscendentalists.ItcontainsalmosteverythingEmersonwantstosayintherestofhislife.Hislaterworksweremostlytoillustratethebook.

“AmericanScholar”:American’sdeclarationofintellectualindependence.(todevelopAmerican’sownculture)

Emerson'swork

HeisbestknownforhisbookWalden,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings,andhisessay,CivilDisobedience,anargumentforindividualresistancetocivilgovernmentinmoraloppositiontoanunjuststate.

WaldenItwasn’tasuccessfulbookatthetimeitwaspublishedandhasbeenvirtuallyforgottenuntil20thcentury.Itisthecarefulrecordingofday-to-daylifeatWaldenpoundandreflectiononhowonecanlivesimplyandtruly

Itillustrateshisdesiretobeindependentandfindtruthforhimself.“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverth