牛津译林模块六第二单元MUGrammarandusage语法市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

第1页GrammarandusageUnit2第2页在前一个单元，我们回顾了非谓语动词在句子中充当主语、定语和宾语补足语时所表示意义，以及他们在充当这些句子成份时区分。这节课，我们接着学习非谓语动词另一句法功效—作状语。第3页语法讲解提议采取归纳法，如尽可能多展现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找对应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。第4页ObjectivesTolearntoidentifynon-finiteverbsusedasadverbialsTolearnthedifferencesbetweentoinfinitiveandverb-ing/verb-edwhenusedasadverbialsTolearndifferentformsofnon-finiteverbs第5页Infinitive,verb-ingandverb-edNon-finiteverbsareoftenusedasadverbials.Whatarethehiddenmeaningsdotheyusuallyexpress?Arethereanydifferenceswhentheyareusedasadverbials?Dotheyhaveanyotherforms?ReadthepointsonPage24.Youwillfindtheanswers.第6页动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时，要注意不定式逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。(1)做目标状语可单独出现，或以inorderto+动词原形、soasto+动词原形等形式做目标状语，可置于句首，意为“为了……”，如：Tocatchthebus,youmustgetupearly.=Inordertocatchthebus…=Youmustgetupearlysoastocatch…第7页(2)做结果或程度状语常以enoughto或too…to…等形式出现，并能转换成so…that…句式。如：LiuMeiwasluckyenoughtoreceivemanybooksfromProjectHope.=LiuMeiwassoluckythatshereceivedmanybooksfromProjectHope.Hewastooyoungtoliftthatbox.=Hewassoyoungthathecannotliftthatbox.第8页—Couldyoubesokindas

toclosethewindow?—Withpleasure.Iamsuchafoolastothinkthatsheisawarm-heartedwoman.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.第9页(3)做原因状语惯用在sorry,glad,surprised,pleased,angry等词后说明产生这种情绪原因，或表示没有预料到、事与愿违结果，不定式要放在句子后面，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应加必要介词。如：I’msorrytohearaboutyourfailureonbusiness.Hewillbesogladtoseeyouhere.第10页分词作状语1.分词或分词短语作状语时，能够表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状语。通常能够转换成对应状语从句。表示方式或伴随情况时能够转换成并列或非限制性定语从句。如：PutintouseinApril(=WhenitwasputintouseinApril),thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(时间)第11页Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork(=Becauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork),Alicewasinlowspirits.(原因)Giventime(=Ifheisgiventime),he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(条件)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,thinkingthatallchildrenlikethem.(=andthinkthat…)(伴随)第12页2.有时为了强调，分词前可带when,while,once,if,though,although,asif,unless等连词一起作状语，方便句子意思更清楚、更连贯。如：Whencomparingdifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.thoughtired,hestillcontinuedreading.第13页3.现在分词和过去分词作状语时区分：不论是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个对应状语从句或并列句，假如状语分句或并列句中谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；假如状语分句或并列句中谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。比如：第14页Whencomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(分词部分相当于Whenthebiggestoceaniscomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,主语与分词是被动关系。)Whencomparingitwiththesizeofthewholeearth,wefindthatthebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(Whenwecompareitwiththesizeofthewholeearth…主语与分词是主动关系。)第15页4.现在分词两种时态：普通式doing，通常指与主句谓语动词所表示动作同时发生或无先后次序;完成式havingdone则强调分词所表示动作先于谓语动词所表示动作。如：Whilewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.(同时发生)Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(“等候”在先)第16页5.分词完成式两种语态：主动语态havingdone；被动语态havingbeendone。Havingbeentrappedintraffic,hewaslateforwork.6.分词否定式组成:not+分词。

Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.

Notrepairedwell,thewashingmachinestoppedworkingagain.第17页7.分词独立主格结构是分词一个特殊形式，在句中作状语。在分词独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后分词在逻辑上有主谓关系时用现在分词；在逻辑上有动宾关系时用过去分词。在独立主格结构中，假如强调分词时间发生在主句动词时间之前，惯用现在分词完成时态表示。如：Wintercoming,it’sgettingcolderandcolder.(winter和come是逻辑主谓关系)第18页Moremoneygiven,weshouldhavesentmoreemployeestothemothercompanytogettrained.(句中money与give是动宾关系，所以用过去分词)Thesnowhavingstopped,shewentouttosweepthesnowintheyard.(强调分词动作发生在先)注：在独立结构中，现在分词完成式有时能够简化成过去分词。Hisworkhavingbeenfinished/Hisworkfinished,hewenthome.第19页8.一些习惯表示作插入语，起评注说明作用，使用方法固定，无须考虑逻辑上关系，惯用有：generallyspeaking,considering,given,supposingthat,talkingof,seeingthat(鉴于)等。eg.Consideringeverything,itwasn’tabadholiday.

Supposingthattherewaswar,whatwouldyoudo?第20页Summarizetheusageofnon-finiteverbstoinfini-tivev-ingV-edbeing+v-edhaving+v-edhavingbeen+v-ed主语宾语表语第21页toinfini-tivev-ingV-edbeing+v-edhaving+v-edhavingbeen+v-ed宾补定语状语第22页ReflectiontimeToinfinitivecanbeusedtoexpress__________________whenitisusedasanadverbialinasentence.2.Verb-ingorverb-edcanbeusedtoexpress________________whenusedasadverbialsinsentences.3.Theperfectformofverb-ingis_____andthepassiveformis_____.第23页请点击第24页1.Tobeagreatscientist,_____.A.mathsisveryimportantB.mathsismoreimportantthanothersubjectsC.onemustunderstandmathsD.mathsisimportanttobeunderstoodQuizI:Multiplechoice.第25页2._____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed

3.Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.

A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed第26页4._______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.

A.Heating

B.Tobeheated

C.Heated

D.Heat5.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known第27页6.___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfront.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose7._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetoclearuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered第28页8.Thevisitorexpressedhissatisfaction,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added9.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes____andhishands____.

A.beingclosed；trembling

B.closed；trembling

C.closed；trembled

D.closing；trembled第29页10.Unless____tospeak,youshouldremainsilentatthemeeting.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited11.Though___money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin第30页12.Theweather____sobad,wehadtoputthegameoff.

A.was

B.is

C.were

D.being13.Thecountryhasalreadysentup3unmannedspacecrafts,themostrecent__attheendoflastMarch.

A.hasbeenlaunched

B.havingbeenlaunched

C.beinglaunched

D.tobelaunched第31页QuizII:同义转换，每空一词。1.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.Theboxis___heavy_________carry.Theboxisnot___________formetocarry.2.ThemathsproblemissodifficultthatIcan’tworkitout.Themathsproblemis____difficult____________workout.tooformetolightenoughtooformeto第32页3.IfIwasgivenmoretime,Icoulddoitmuchbetter.______moretime,Icoulddoitmuchbetter.4.AsaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.________________________,heisalwayshelpingothers.GivenBeingaLeaguemember第33页If______(加热)toahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.__________________(从太空望去),theearthisawater-coveredglobe.________________________(在她话勉励下)theboysaidsorrytohisteacher.QuizIII:Completethesentences.heatedSeenfromthespaceEncouragedbyherwords第34页4.Heworkeddayandnight________________(为了挣钱).5.__________________(告诉你实话吧),Idon’tlikethewayhetalked.6._________________(普通说来),girlsaremorecareful.7.____________________(即使雨下得很大),itcl