英语语音教程(19)课件

ChapterIIRhythmUnit8Sense-groupsandPausing意群和停顿FOCUS SenseGroup意群 PrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分规则 Exercises练习ChapterIIRhythmUnit8Sense-gSense-groupsandPausingWhatIsSenseGroup?什么是意群？“Sentencesareusuallydividedintoshortersequenceswhicharecalledsense-groups.Thewordsinasense-grouparegenerallyrelatedinstructureandmeaning.Theremaybepausesbetweensense-groupsbutnotwithinone.”Fromthepointofviewofphonetics，thesmallestunitoflanguageisthephoneme,butfromtheperspectiveofsemantics,thesmallestunitisintonationgrouporsensegroup，whichmaybeaword,aphraseorasentence.Itisakindofskilltobeabletoreadbyphrasesinsteadofbysinglewords.InlearningEnglish,memoryismostimportant.HerememorymeansthinkinginEnglish,orconceivingandperceivinginEnglish,withsensegroupsandpausingasitsunits,thatis,programmingtheproperEnglishsensegroupsandpausing(ofcourse,intheirproperstructureandwiththeirpropermeaning)inyourbrain(i.e.yourbestcomputer)whilereadingaloud,listeningortalking,evenwriting.Sense-groupsandPausingWhatISense-groupsandPausingWhatIsSenseGroup?什么是意群？意群和停顿不仅是重要的语音现象，也是句子结构的有力表现。句子可以按照意思和结构分为若干段，每一段称为一个意群。在说话和朗读时，意群与意群之间可以有一定的停顿，使意思表达得更清楚。但在同一意群的各个词之间则不可停顿，而应一口气说完，使整个意群的意思连贯，不中断。人们说话和朗读时，短句往往一口气说完、读完，中间不需停顿，所以一句短句可以视为一个意群。如：It’sadog.Doyouworkhard?等。长句、复杂句句子中间则需要停顿。为了要使表达的意思不致费解、误解或无法理解。停顿不可随心所欲，不可打乱句子结构。停顿必须保持前后的意群完整。讲话不是一个词一个词地讲，也不是无休止地一直讲下去。说话总是有大小不等的单位。单位不论大小总是有间隔的。这个间隔在书面上是用标点符号表示，在口头上却是用停顿。Sense-groupsandPausingWhatISense-groupsandPausingWhatIsSenseGroup?什么是意群？意群就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分即称为一个意群。同一意群中的词与词的关系要紧密相关，否则就会引起误解。意群是一个稍长的句子分成的具有一定意义的若干个短语；“停顿”是在意群之间进行的，它是根据语意、语速的需要而自然产生的一种语音停顿现象；“连读”是在一个意群内进行的，它是在说话较快时自然产生的一种语音连读现象。意群可以是一个词，一个词组或短语，也可以是并列句的一个分句或复合句的一个主句、从句等等，我们可用“／”来划分句子的意群。意群在句子中具有语义、语法和语调三种特征，例如：Afterschool，／myclassmatesandI／aregoingtoplaybasketball．放学后，我和我的同学们去打篮球。可以把这个句子按语义、语法和语调特征划分为三个单位。Sense-groupsandPausingWhatISense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则Asentencecanbedividedintosensegroupsinaccordancewiththefollowingprinciples：1.noun-phrase 2.phrasalpreposition3.phrasaladverb 4.adverb+preposition5.aduerb+verb/verb+adverb 6.verb+phrases7.link-verb+predicative 8.subject+verb9.subject+verb+object 10.shortnoun-clause11.shortattributeclause 12.shortadverbialclauseSense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则

现将句子划分意群的一般原则归纳如下：1. 名词词组 (1)冠词+名词，例：acountry (2)名词+名词，例：comradeLi (3)指示代词+名词，例：thisbook (4)形容词+名词，例：naturalscience (5)作形容词用的名词或分词+名词，例： NewYear’sDay theworkingclass (6)数词+名词，例：thirty-twonote-books (7)数词+数词，例：twohundredandtwenty-three (8)不定代词+名词，例：someinkSense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则2. 介词短语，例： fromnowon withaneffort3. 副词短语，例： dayandnight firstofall4. 副词+介词短语，例： earlyinthemorning farintothenight5. 副词+动词，或动词+副词，例： quiteunderstand studyhard6. 一些固定的动词词组，例： totakearest tohaveameeting togetready7. 连系动词+表语，例： beatschool growquitewellSense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则8. 主语+谓语，这种句型用于简短语句时，一般划分为一个意群，例： Hestandsup. Theyareveryhappy．9. 主语+谓语+宾语，这种句型用于简短语句时，划分为一个意群，例： IcanspeakEnglish． Hegavemeabook．10. 简短的名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，例： Thathewillcomehere／iscertain．（主语从句） Thisis／howhestudiesEnglish．（表语从句） Hetoldme／whereIcouldfindmybook．（宾语从句）11. 简短的定语从句，例： Thisisafactory／thatmakescloth．Sense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则12. 简短的状语从句，状语从句可以放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后通常要用逗号；放在句末时，从句一般不用逗号，每个简短的状语从句分为一个意群，例： Iwaited／tillhecomeback． Hecan’tcome／becauseheisill． Weworkedfast／sothatwefinishourplan．意群必须用一口气吐出（也就是说不能分成两口气或更多的气段）。书面上是用标点符号来表示停顿的。||表示较大的停顿（两个大停顿之间可能有一个或几个小停顿，大停顿相当于句点或分号）。/表示用于划分一口气吐出的意群，表示较小的停顿，大体相当于逗号。Sense-groupsandPausingPrinciElisionandContractionExercises1. Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontothesensegroups.(1) Theyliveinthatlargehouse/ontheotherside/ofthebridge.//(2) Itisveryimportantforus/totakepartinmanuallabour/fromtimetotime.//(3) Asnow-whiteswan/swamswiftly/tocatchaslowly-swimmingsnake/inalake.//(4) Doyourememberallthoseyears/whenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus/butthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure.(5) However,whetheritcomesfromthecommonancestor/thatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,/is,/asyet,/anunansweredquestion.//(6) Whatishardertoestablish/iswhethertheproductivityrevolution/thatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingover/isforreal.//ElisionandContractionExercisElisionandContractionExercises1. Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontothesensegroups.(7) Inthemorning/theboygoestoschoolearly.//Sometimes/hewaslate,/becausehismotherwasinpoorhealth.//(8) Icannotbeartoseeabear/beardownuponahare.//Whenbareofhair/hestripsthehare,/rightthere/Icry,/“Forbear!”//(9) Thereoncewasaman/whohadasister;/hisnamewasMr.Fister.//Mr.Fister’ssistersoldseashells/bytheseashore.Mr.Fister/didn’tsellseashells；/hesoldsilksheets.//Mr.Fistertoldhissister/thathesoldsixsilksheetstosixshieks.ThesisterofMr.Fistersaid/Isoldsixshellstosixshiekstoo!//(10)Howmuchwood/wouldawoodchuckchuck/ifawoodchuck/couldchuckwood？Awoodchuck/wouldchuckallthewood/awoodchuckcouldchuck/ifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.//Howmanycookies/could/agoodcook/cook？Ifagoodcook/couldcookcookies,agoodcook/couldcook/asmuchcookies/asagoodcook/whocouldcookcookies.//ElisionandContractionExercisElisionandContractionExercises2. Readthefollowingpassageandpayattentiontothesensegroups.(1) Fishing/ismyfavouritesport.//Ioftenfishforhours/withoutcatchinganything.//Butthisdoesnotworryme.//Somefishermenareunlucky.//Insteadofcatchingfish,/theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.//Iamevenlesslucky/becauseInevercatchanything,/notevenoldboots.//Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohome/withanemptybag.//“Youmustgiveupfishing!”/myfriendssay.//“It’sawasteoftime.”//Buttheydon’trealize/oneimportantthing.//I’mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.//Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboat/anddoingnothingatall!(2) Once/twohunterswenthunting/intheforest.Oneofthem/suddenlyfelldown/byaccident.Heshowedthewhitesofhiseyes/andseemedtohaveceasedbreathing.Theotherhunter/soontookouthismobilephone/tocalltheemergencycenter/forhelp.//Theoperatorsaidcalmly,/“First,/youshouldmakesure/thatheisalreadydead.”//Then/theoperator/heardagunshot/fromtheotherendofthephone/andnextheheardthehunterasking,/“WhatshouldIdonext?”//ElisionandContractionExercisElisionandContractionExercises3. Practicereadingthefollowingtonguetwisters.(1) Canners/cancan/whattheycancan/intoacan/butcannotcanthings/thatcannotbecannedintoacan.(2) Well,/doesadoctor/doctoranotherdoctor/intheway/thedoctoreddoctor/wantstobedoctored.ElisionandContractionExercisElisionandContractionExercises4. Listentotherecordingandwritedownthesentences.(1)__________________________________________________________________(2)__________________________________________________________________(3)__________________________________________________________________(4)__________________________________________________________________(5)__________________________________________________________________(6)__________________________________________________________________Iamgladtobehere/forthisinterview.Justlikemyfather，/Iamopen-minded，/quickinthought/andveryfondofhistory.Itakeit/youdon’tagree.Ididn’tknow/hewastherichestperson/intheworld.Didyouknow/thatStoneendedupmarryinghissecretary?It’snothiswork/buthisattitude/thatbothersme.ElisionandContractionExercisThankYou!ThankYou!ChapterIIRhythmUnit8Sense-groupsandPausing意群和停顿FOCUS SenseGroup意群 PrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分规则 Exercises练习ChapterIIRhythmUnit8Sense-gSense-groupsandPausingWhatIsSenseGroup?什么是意群？“Sentencesareusuallydividedintoshortersequenceswhicharecalledsense-groups.Thewordsinasense-grouparegenerallyrelatedinstructureandmeaning.Theremaybepausesbetweensense-groupsbutnotwithinone.”Fromthepointofviewofphonetics，thesmallestunitoflanguageisthephoneme,butfromtheperspectiveofsemantics,thesmallestunitisintonationgrouporsensegroup，whichmaybeaword,aphraseorasentence.Itisakindofskilltobeabletoreadbyphrasesinsteadofbysinglewords.InlearningEnglish,memoryismostimportant.HerememorymeansthinkinginEnglish,orconceivingandperceivinginEnglish,withsensegroupsandpausingasitsunits,thatis,programmingtheproperEnglishsensegroupsandpausing(ofcourse,intheirproperstructureandwiththeirpropermeaning)inyourbrain(i.e.yourbestcomputer)whilereadingaloud,listeningortalking,evenwriting.Sense-groupsandPausingWhatISense-groupsandPausingWhatIsSenseGroup?什么是意群？意群和停顿不仅是重要的语音现象，也是句子结构的有力表现。句子可以按照意思和结构分为若干段，每一段称为一个意群。在说话和朗读时，意群与意群之间可以有一定的停顿，使意思表达得更清楚。但在同一意群的各个词之间则不可停顿，而应一口气说完，使整个意群的意思连贯，不中断。人们说话和朗读时，短句往往一口气说完、读完，中间不需停顿，所以一句短句可以视为一个意群。如：It’sadog.Doyouworkhard?等。长句、复杂句句子中间则需要停顿。为了要使表达的意思不致费解、误解或无法理解。停顿不可随心所欲，不可打乱句子结构。停顿必须保持前后的意群完整。讲话不是一个词一个词地讲，也不是无休止地一直讲下去。说话总是有大小不等的单位。单位不论大小总是有间隔的。这个间隔在书面上是用标点符号表示，在口头上却是用停顿。Sense-groupsandPausingWhatISense-groupsandPausingWhatIsSenseGroup?什么是意群？意群就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分即称为一个意群。同一意群中的词与词的关系要紧密相关，否则就会引起误解。意群是一个稍长的句子分成的具有一定意义的若干个短语；“停顿”是在意群之间进行的，它是根据语意、语速的需要而自然产生的一种语音停顿现象；“连读”是在一个意群内进行的，它是在说话较快时自然产生的一种语音连读现象。意群可以是一个词，一个词组或短语，也可以是并列句的一个分句或复合句的一个主句、从句等等，我们可用“／”来划分句子的意群。意群在句子中具有语义、语法和语调三种特征，例如：Afterschool，／myclassmatesandI／aregoingtoplaybasketball．放学后，我和我的同学们去打篮球。可以把这个句子按语义、语法和语调特征划分为三个单位。Sense-groupsandPausingWhatISense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则Asentencecanbedividedintosensegroupsinaccordancewiththefollowingprinciples：1.noun-phrase 2.phrasalpreposition3.phrasaladverb 4.adverb+preposition5.aduerb+verb/verb+adverb 6.verb+phrases7.link-verb+predicative 8.subject+verb9.subject+verb+object 10.shortnoun-clause11.shortattributeclause 12.shortadverbialclauseSense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则

现将句子划分意群的一般原则归纳如下：1. 名词词组 (1)冠词+名词，例：acountry (2)名词+名词，例：comradeLi (3)指示代词+名词，例：thisbook (4)形容词+名词，例：naturalscience (5)作形容词用的名词或分词+名词，例： NewYear’sDay theworkingclass (6)数词+名词，例：thirty-twonote-books (7)数词+数词，例：twohundredandtwenty-three (8)不定代词+名词，例：someinkSense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则2. 介词短语，例： fromnowon withaneffort3. 副词短语，例： dayandnight firstofall4. 副词+介词短语，例： earlyinthemorning farintothenight5. 副词+动词，或动词+副词，例： quiteunderstand studyhard6. 一些固定的动词词组，例： totakearest tohaveameeting togetready7. 连系动词+表语，例： beatschool growquitewellSense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则8. 主语+谓语，这种句型用于简短语句时，一般划分为一个意群，例： Hestandsup. Theyareveryhappy．9. 主语+谓语+宾语，这种句型用于简短语句时，划分为一个意群，例： IcanspeakEnglish． Hegavemeabook．10. 简短的名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，例： Thathewillcomehere／iscertain．（主语从句） Thisis／howhestudiesEnglish．（表语从句） Hetoldme／whereIcouldfindmybook．（宾语从句）11. 简短的定语从句，例： Thisisafactory／thatmakescloth．Sense-groupsandPausingPrinciSense-groupsandPausingPrinciplesofSenseGroup意群划分原则12. 简短的状语从句，状语从句可以放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后通常要用逗号；放在句末时，从句一般不用逗号，每个简短的状语从句分为一个意群，例： Iwaited／tillhecomeback． Hecan’tcome／becauseheisill． Weworkedfast／sothatwefinishourplan．意群必须用一口气吐出（也就是说不能分成两口气或更多的气段）。书面上是用标点符号来表示停顿的。||表示较大的停顿（两个大停顿之间可能有一个或几个小停顿，大停顿相当于句点或分号）。/表示用于划分一口气吐出的意群，表示较小的停顿，大体相当于逗号。Sense-groupsandPausingPrinciElisionandContractionExercises1. Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontothesensegroups.(1) Theyliveinthatlargehouse/ontheotherside/ofthebridge.//(2) Itisveryimportantforus/totakepartinmanuallabour/fromtimetotime.//(3) Asnow-whiteswan/swamswiftly/tocatchaslowly-swimmingsnake/inalake.//(4) Doyourememberallthoseyears/whenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus/butthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure.(5) However,whetheritcomesfromthecommonancestor/thatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,/is,/asyet,/anunansweredquestion.//(6) Whatishardertoestablish/iswhethertheproductivityrevolution/thatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingover/isforreal.//ElisionandContractionExercisElisionandContractionExercises1. Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontothesensegroups.(7) Inthemorning/theboygoestoschoolearly.//Sometimes/hewaslate,/becausehismotherwasinpoorhealth.//(8) Icannotbeartoseeabear/beardownuponahare.//Whenbareofhair/hestripsthehare,/rightthere/Icry,/“Forbear!”//(9) Thereoncewasaman/whohadasister;/hisnamewasMr.Fister.//Mr.Fister’ssistersoldseashells/bytheseashore.Mr.Fister/didn’tsellseashells；/hesoldsilksheets.//Mr.Fistertoldhissister/thathesoldsixsilksheetstosixshieks.ThesisterofMr.Fistersaid/Isoldsixshellstosixshiekstoo!//(10)Howmuchwood/wouldawoodchuckchuck/ifawoodchuck/couldchuckwood？Awoodchuck/wouldchuckallthewood/awoodchuckcouldchuck/ifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.//Howmanycookies/could/agoodcook/cook？Ifagoodcook/couldcookcookies,agoodcook/couldcook/asmuchcookies/asagoodcook/whocouldcookcookies.//ElisionandContractionExercisElisionandContractionExercises2. Readthefollowingpassageandpayattentiontothesensegroups.(1) Fishing/ismyfavouritesport.//Ioftenfishforhours/withoutcatchinganything.//Butthisdoesnotworryme.//Somefishermenareunlucky.//Insteadofcatchingfish,/theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.//Iamevenlesslucky/becauseInevercatchanything,/notevenoldboots.//Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohome/withanemptybag.//“Youmustgiveupfishing!”/myfriendssay.//“It’sawasteoftime.”//Buttheydon’trealize/oneimportantthing.//I’mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.//Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboat/anddoingnothingatall!(2) Once/twohunterswenthunting