2020届高考英语二轮题海特训营(4)阅读理解细节理解四

阅读理解-细节理解四1、 Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust（ 反垄断）regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants（ 巨头）thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'successhasbenefited consumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata）.Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies'controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God'seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired —andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger（兼并）,forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets（资产）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especially whenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-Iineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon'twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?TheyhavecontrolledthedatamarketTheycollectenormousprivatedataTheynoIongerprovidefreeservicesTheydismissedsomenew-borngiantsWhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?Datagiants'technologyisveryexpensiveGoogle'sideaispopularamongdatafirmsDatacanstrengthengiants 'controllingposit ionDatacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproductsBypayingattentiontofirms 'dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould .killanewthreatavoidthesizetrapfavourbiggerfirmschargehigherpricesWhatisthepurpose oflooseningthegiants 'controlofdata?Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.2、ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulN i?os,onbalance,thantheylose.A studyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997helpedAmerican 'seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,t heyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure （基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（ 下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridges meanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwounding

people.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat .moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductiongovernmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidvictimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationrecoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstWhatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.应用软件),theresimilarfeatures(应用软件),theresimilarfeatures(特3、 WhileWeChatisChina'sbiggestmobilemessagingapp(aremanyequivalent(相当的)appsinothercountriesthatoffer征).WhatsApp(US)Users:morethan300millionPlatforms:Android,10S,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryFeatures:Textchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharingWithmorethan300millionactiveusers,WhatsAppisoneofWeChat'sbiggestcompetitors.Developedbytwoex-Yahoo!employeesin2009,WhatsApporiginallyfocusedontextchat,butonAug6italsostartedpush-to-talkservice.It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.Theserviceisfreeforthefirstyear,afterwhich$0.99(6.06yuan)ischargedforone-yearsubscription.KakaoTalk(SouthKorea)Users:morethan100millionPlatforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandBada(anoperateingsystemdevelopedbySamsung)Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,groupcalls,filesharingWithmorethan100millionusersinmorethan230countries,KakaoTalkisamulti-platform( 多平台)textingapplicationthatallowsuserstosendandreceivemessagesforfree.WithKakaoTalk,userscanmessageeachotherone-ononeoringroupchatswithunlimitednumbersoffriends.Youcanalsochoosefrommorethan250animatedemoticons( 表情符号)andsharethemwithfriends.Line(Japan)Users:morethan200millionPlatforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandPCFeatures:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing,gaming,stickers.Linetopsthelistofthemostdownloadedfreeappsin52countries.Apartfromtextandvoicemessaging, Lineprovidesitsuserswithmorethan250originalstickersandemoticonstobuyfromitsownshop.Inthefirstquarterof2013alone.itmade$,7millionjustfromstickers.ThepopularappalsoallowsfriendstobattleeachotherintheLINEGame.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto .introducethemostpopularmobilemessagingappsinChinatalkaboutnewfeaturesinthelatestmobilemessagingappsdrawreaders'attentiontovariouspopularmobilemessagingapps

explainhowmobilemessagingappshavebecomesopopularComparedwiththeothertwoapps,whichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesLinestandout?Groupmobilegames.Freestickersandemoticons.Freedownloadoftheapp.Textandgroupchat.3.OneofthepopularfeaturesofWhatsAppisthatusers .cansendandreceivemessagesforfreecanenjoylivevideochatswithingroupsdon'tneedtoworryaboutunwantedadsregularlysetfreestickersandemoticons4、 DuringthepastSpringFestival,manychildrenmayhavereceivedredpacketsfromtheirfamilies.ButXingPu,a40-year-oldeconomist,isaskingthegovernmenttogiveredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizen.Xingsuggestedthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesesincethegovernmentincomehasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption（ 消费）aroundthecountry.Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor（扶贫）andpro-rural（惠农）policies（政策）,includingincreasingspendingonpublichealth-careandcuttingdowntheagriculturaltax.Butthelower-incomegroupstillneedsmorehelp.saidXing.XingsaidhehasborrowedmanyideasfrompracticesincountriesliketheUnitedStatesandSingapore.Earlierthisyear,thegovernmentsofthetwonationsofferedcashhandouts（ 救济）totheircitizens.Asforin China,“Wecanevenencouragetherichtodonatetheir1,000yuanredpackettothepoor,saidXing.AlthoughXing'ssuggestionhasgainedwidesupportamongordinaryChineseontheInternet,manyothereconomistscriticizeditasunpractical. “Tobet terusetheincreaseofmoney,handingoutmoneyisnotasolutionthatholdsgoodforalltime.Itcouldbebettertoimprovethepublicserviceorcutthepriceofenergyuseindailylife, ”saidQiaoXinsheng,aneconomicprofessor.XingPusuggestedthatthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesebecausethepoorshouldgethelpfromtherichthegovernmentshouldhelptherichthegrowingeconomicpieshouldbesharedamongthepeoplethegovernmentdoesn'tknowhowtouset hemoneyWhathasthegovernmentdonetohelpthelower-incomegroup?Spendinglessonpublichealthcare.Increasingtheagriculturaltax.HandingoutmoneytoeveryChinese.Carryingoutpro-poorandpro-ruralpolicies.XingPu'sideasofgivingredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizenmainlycamefromchildrenreceivingredpacketsfromtheirfamiliestheUSandSingaporegovernmentsofferingcashhandoutstotheircitizensthegovernment'sincreasingspendingonpublichealthcaretherisingpricesinthecountryAccordingtoQiaoXinsheng,whatisbetterthangivingoutmoney?Supplyingfoodtoeveryoneeveryday.Cuttingthepriceofenergyuseindailylife.Controllingtherisingofprices.Increasingthegovernmentincome.5、 Rockmusicinoneformoranotheristhemostpopulartypeofmusicallovertheworld.Butwherediditcomefrom?RockbeganintheUSAintheearly1950s.Atthattime, “rhythmandblue”musicwasverypopularwithblackAmericans. “R&B”wasamixtureofblackreligiousmusicandjazz.Ithadstrongrhythmsthatyoucoulddancetoandsimple,fastwords.NoticingthesuccessofR&Bmusic,whitemusiciansstartedtocopythesamestyle.Bythemid-1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock'n'roll,hadbecomeverypopular.SingerslikeElvisPresleyandBillHaleyattractedmillionsofteenagefans.Theirmusicwasfastandloud.Manyolderpeoplethoughtthatrock'n'rollwasverydangerous.Bytheearly1960s,evenrock 'n'rollhadbecomeold -fashioned.Manyofthesongshadbeguntosoundthesame.ItwasatthattimethatanewgroupfromEnglandbecamepopular—theBeatles.TheBeatlesfirststartedbysingingAmericanstylesongs,buttheysoondevelopedtheirownstyle,withmorecomplicatedtunes.Theyalsointroduceddifferentinstruments.GroupsliketheBeatleshadaveryimportantinfluenceonthestyleofpopularmusic.Bytheearly1970s,rock 'n'rollhaddevelopedintoanewformofmusic.Electronicshadreplacedtheamplifiedguitarsanddrumsofrock'n'roll.“Rock”hadarrived.Rockmusichadcontinuedtochangeanddevelop.Ithadcombinedwithmusicfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Today,there arehundredsofdifferenttypes ofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrock.Whenhadrock'n'rollbecomeverypopular?Bythemid-1950s.Bytheearly1960s.Bythemid-1960s.Bytheearly1970s.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheBeatles?ItwasnotanAmericangroup.Thisgrouphadtheirownstyle.ThisgroupmadeAmericanstylesongspopular.Thestyleofpopularmusichadbeeninfluencedbythisgroup.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatElvisPresleyandBillHaley .weresingersof“R&B”weresingersinthemid-1950sweremembersoftheBeatleswerepopularwitholdpeople4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?PopularMusicTheHistoryofRockMusicDifferentFormsofMusicinAmericaTheBeatles6、 Iwasreadingtheseinterestingstoriesbehindagroupofgreatlogosintheworld.PersonallyNikeismyfavoriteone —it'ssosimple.AndIlikedthestoriesbehindthem,whichmademeforgetallotherthings.McDonald 's,Apple,MercedesBenzandAdidasowngreatlogosaswell,andtheyareamongmyfavorites.NikeIntheGreekmyth,Nikeisthegoddessofvictoryandthesourceofinspirationforsoldiers.ThislogorepresentsthewinginthefamousstatueoftheGreekgoddess.Nike'slogowasdesignedbyCarolynDavidsonin1971for$35,andwasregisteredasatrademarkin1995.McDonald'sThelogowasdesignedin1962byJimSchindlertoresemblethearchshaped（拱形的）signsonthesideofthecompany 'sthenwalk -uphamburgerstand.Lateron,thetwogoldenarcheswerecombinedtogethertoformtheM.TheMcDonald'snamewasaddedtothelogoin1968.AppleTherearedifferentstoriesbehindApple 'slogo.ThefirstlogowasareferencetothereligiousstoryofAdamandEve,inwhichtheapplerepresented

thefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Oneyearlater,thesecondlogowasdesignedin1977byStevenJobsandRonaldWayne,anditdescribedSirIsaacNewtonsittingunderanappletree.Thislogodidn 'tstaylong.Oneyearlateri twasreplacedalmostimmediatelybygraphicdesignerRobJanoff 's“rainbowapple”,arainbow-coloredsilhouette（轮廓）ofanapplewithabitetakenoutofit.Andthentherainbow-colored applewasreplacedbythe one-coloredlogoin1998.Ithasnotbeenchangedsofar.MercedesBenzTheMercedesBenzlogo,whichwasoriginallycreatedbyGottliebDaimlerin1909,consistsofasimpledescriptionof athree-pointedstarthat representsitsruleoftheland,theseaandtheair.ThecompanywasfoundedbyGottliebDaimlerandWilhelmMaybach.MercedesisthenameofMaybach'selderdaughter,whileBenzcameasaresultofacombinationwithBenz,Cie.andDMGin1926.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestoriesofthegreatlogos?Theyareboring.TheyareattractiveTheyareoutofdate.TheyarepracticalWhatdoesNike'slogostandfor?ThegoddessofvictoryThesourceofinspirationforsoldiersThewingoftheGreekgoddessThestatueoftheGreekgoddessWecanlearnthat Apple'spresentlogois .thereligiousstoryofAdamandEveNewton'ssittingunderanappletreeabittenapplewithonlyonecolortherainbow-coloredbittenappleWhichofthefollowingtimeordersdescribesthebirthsofthegreatlogos?A.NikeMcDonaids-AppleA.NikeMcDonaids-AppleMercedesBenz.MercedesBenz-McDonalds-Nike-Apple.MercedesBenz-Apple-Nike-McDonalds.Nike-MercedesBenz-McDonalds-Apple.答案以及解析答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理判断题,根据第二段第一句中的“Suchsituation"可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场 ，故答案为A项。细节理解题.根据第三段最后两句可知答案是 C项。细节理解题.根据第五段第二、三句可知选 B项。推理判断题.根据第六段可知，大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会，故选D项。答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ElNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround. 可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故 D正确。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?o，onbalance，thantheylose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。接着在第三句中列举了 1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。故 C项正确。推理判断题。根据第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just 12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards. 根，并告诉我们的政府应该做更多据ODI的观点，为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。故 ，并告诉我们的政府应该做更多目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。再根据最后句“SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.”各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。也就是要事先做好准备。故D项正确。答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.A;3.C解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知,第一段在文章中起导入作用,以引起读者对各种移动交流应用软件的关注 ，故选C项。细节理解题。根据文章对三个不同移动交流应用软件特色的介绍可知 ,日本的Line有gaming和stickers这两个特别的功能，结合选项可知，故选A项。细节理解题。根据WhatsApp（US）部分的It'snotedforitsaccessibility，easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.可知，WhatsApp受人欢迎的特点就是没有广告。故选C。答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.细节题。根据Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess，helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption（消费）aroundthecountry.可知XingPu建议政府给每个中国人发1000元是因为经济增长的果实应该大家分享。2.细节题。根据Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor（扶贫）andpro-rural（惠农）policies，includingincreasingspendingonpublichealthcareandcallingofftheagriculturaltax.可知政府通过执行扶贫政策来帮助低收入群体。细节题。根据Xingsaidwhilemakingthedraft，heh