2022年北京市海淀区高考英语一模试卷

PAGE482022年北京市海淀区高考英语一模试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）1．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Thecourseisdesignedtohelpstudentslearntoshowrespectfor．（）A．others B．both C．those D．either2．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Hewillnevermakeprogressinmathhereallywantstolearnit．（）A．if B．aslongas C．unless D．incase3．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）AreportonfoodsafetyinBeijingonJanuary15th，2022andithasreceivedpositivereviews．（）A．published B．waspublished C．haspublished D．hasbeenpublished4．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）goodairquality，thegovernmentisreplacingcoalfuelwithnaturalgas．（）A．Guaranteed B．Guaranteeing C．Toguarantee D．Guarantee5．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）leavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelights．（）A．Which B．Who C．Whichever D．Whoever6．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Thisproblemagain？Weitmanytimes!（）A．arediscussing B．discussed C．haddiscussed D．havediscussed7．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）OnSundaymorning，Nancyplansforthetripwhenhermotherwalkedin．（）A．isreviewing B．willreview C．wasreviewing D．reviewed8．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）﹣Iwenttotheconcertlastnight．Itwasfantastic!﹣Youweresolucky!HowIwishIthetickettoo．（）A．hadgot B．wouldget C．got D．get9．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Oncebythesoccerteam，yourselfneedtotrainthreetimesaweek．（）A．accepting B．accepted C．toaccept D．accept10．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）﹣HaveyouheardthatSpaceXsentaTeslacarintospace？﹣Yes．theyhaveachievedisamazing．（）A．Where B．What C．That D．How11．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）ItisthroughdecadesofhardworkChinahasprogressedtoanewstage．（）A．that B．where C．which D．what12．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Themayormadeastatementhisconcernforthemisuseofsharedbicycles．（）A．voiced B．voice C．voicing D．havingvoiced13．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Michaelwashappythathehadaroof______hisheadwhenitrained．（）A．on B．over C．up D．around14．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）Yousomethinggreat，otherwiseyouwouldn'thavegotthepromotion．（）A．shoulddo B．mustdo C．shouldhavedone D．musthavedone15．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）AcrossthestreetistheresearchcenterStephenHawkingmadehisground﹣breakingdiscoveriesinphysics．（）A．where B．that C．when D．which第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑．16．（30分）（2022•陕西二模）MyparentsdivorcedwhenIwas11yearsold．Oneyearlater，myfather（1）providinganytypeoffinancialsupportforus．Timesweredefinitely（2）then．Irememberthethreateningcallsfrombillcollectors，andthesoundofmymothercryinglateatnight．（3）thememorythatsurfacesmuchmorestronglythanalltheothersisoneinwhichIlearnedadearlessonabout（4）．To（5）ourfamilymymotherworkeddayandnight．Drivinghomelateonenight，shestoppedataredlight．A（6）carracingupcrashedintothebackofmymother'scar．Amazingly，mymother（7），buthercardidn't．Thedriveroftheothercarwasayoungmanwithno（8），sohecouldn'taffordtorepairhercar．Thenextday，Isawourneighbors，theClaytonshandingmymotheranenvelopewith﹩500inside．Iremembermy（9），toughmotherinsistingthatshecouldn'ttaketheirmoney．Therewasnowayshecould（10）paythemback．Mr．Claytonsaidwithasmile．"Don'tworryaboutpayingusback．Whentimesarebetter，justhelpsomeoneelsewhoisin（11）．Thatwillbe（12）enough．"Mymothertookhiswordstoheart．Ayearlater，onherwaybackhomefromwork，shemetayoungwomanholdingacryingbaby．Sheinvitedthemintoourkitchenand（13）somefoodforthem．Asthenightworeon，theyoungwoman'sstory（14）．Shehadrunawayfromanunfortunatemarriage，takingonlyherkidandahandfulof（15）．Mymothermadethemamakeshiftbedonourlivingroomcouch．Later，Isawheropenherpurseandhandtheyoungwomansomemoney．Iknewthatwasalmostallthemoneyshehad，yetIsawsuchalookof（16）uponherfaceasshehandeditfreelytothegirl．Throughtheyears，timescontinuedtobetoughforourfamily．Inspiteofthis，mymotherstill（17）outtohelpothershowevershecould，whetheritwas（18）money，time，oranotherformofservice．Ithasbeenseveraldecadessinceourneighborsgavetheir（19）ThesweetlessonIhavelearnedfromthedearneighborandmymotherwasthatwhentimesaretough，actsofkindnessandgenerositycanmakesucha（20）．

（1）A．stoppedB．rememberedC．avoidedD．suggested（2）A．puzzlingB．memorableC．challengingD．valuable（3）A．AndB．SoC．ButD．Or（4）A．acceptingB．respectingC．sharingD．caring（5）A．supportB．educateC．uniteD．serve（6）A．shinyB．speedingC．passingD．costly（7）A．sufferedB．screamedC．escapedD．survived（8）A．insuranceB．licenceC．experienceD．family（9）A．desperateB．inspiringC．proudD．loving（10）A．secretlyB．possiblyC．naturallyD．seriously（11）A．anxietyB．needC．turnD．depression（12）A．politenessB．successC．paymentD．effort（13）A．cooledB．boughtC．storedD．prepared（14）A．unfoldedB．continuedC．endedD．paused（15）A．possessionsB．jewelsC．toolsD．purses（16）A．hesitationB．confusionC．determinationD．caution（17）A．rushedB．workedC．gaveD．reached（18）A．aboutB．withC．atD．for（19）A．lessonB．opinionC．chanceD．gift（20）A．senseB．differenceC．requestD．decision第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑．17．（8分）（2022•海淀区一模）HowdoIbookaplaceonAirbnb？WhenyoubookaplaceonAirbnb，youaremakingarrangementstostayinSomeone'shome．Eachhosthastheirownstyleofhospitality，startingwithhowTheyliketogettoknowtheirguests．Somehostswanttoapprovereservations，whileothersarecomfortablelettingyoubooktheirplaceinstantlywithoutwaitingforapproval．1．CompleteYourPersonalDetailsIneithercase，it'simportanttoknowthatAirbnbisacommunitythatreliesontrust．Completeyourpersonaldetailsbeforeyourequestareservationwithahost，sotheycanknowalittlebitaboutyouwhentheyconfirm．Yourpersonaldetailsshouldincludephotosandverifications（证明），especiallybecausesomehostsrequiregueststohaveaprofilephotoandverifiedIDinordertobook．2．FindtheRightPlaceWithover800，000uniquelistingsaroundtheworld，you'llwanttomakesuretheplaceyouchoosehaseverythingyouneedforacomfortableandmemorabletrip．Whensearchingforaplace，makesuretoincludeyourdatesandnumberofgueststogetthemostaccuratepricing．Readreviews，descriptions，houserules，andfacilitiesforeachplacetoseeifit'stherightfitforyourtrip．Youcanalwayscontactthehostifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheirhome．3．BookIt!You'vefoundtheperfectplace，andnowit'stimetomakeitofficial．Thisiswherethehost'spreferredwayofbookingwilldeterminehowyou5llconfirmyourreservation．•InstantBookForhostswhodon'twanttoapproveeachreservation，you'llseeabuttonontheirlistingthatsaysInstantBook．Likethenamesuggests，youcanconfirmareservationattheseplacesrightaway．•RequesttoBookManyhostsprefertoapprovereservationsbeforethey'refinal．Inthiscase，you'llseeabuttonontheirlistingthatsaysRequesttoBook．Tosubmitareservationrequest，you'llneedtoenteryourpaymentdetails．Hostshave24hourstoacceptyourrequest，andyourreservationisautomaticallyconfirmedoncetheydo．•Pre﹣approvalsandSpecialOffersIfyoudecidetocontactthehosttoaskquestionsbeforeattemptingtobook，thehostmayrespondtoyourmessagebyinvitingyoutomakeareservationwitheitheraPre﹣approvaloraSpecialOffer．APre﹣approvalisaninvitationtofinishbookingforthedatesandnumberofguestsyounotedinyourmessage．ASpecialOffergivesthehosttheopportunitytoprovidespecialpricing，dates，andotherreservationdetailsbeforeyoubook．

36．Whenfillinginyourpersonalinformation，youneedto．A．requestareservationwithahostB．askforapprovalfromthehostC．provideyourproofofidentityD．trustthecommunitywhereyoulive37．Toknowtheexactprice，youshould．A．checkthelistingsonlineinadvanceB．contactthehosttoaskquestionsfirstC．confirmyourdatesandnumberofguestsD．readpreviousreviewswrittenbyotherusers38．IfyouclicktheRequesttoBookbutton，youcan．A．getsomespecialdiscountsB．knowtheresultwithinadayC．gettheapprovalimmediatelyD．receiveaPre﹣approvalmessage39．Whereisthepassagemostprobablyfrom？A．Anewsreport．B．Ashoppingguide．C．Atravelmagazine．D．Aresearchpaper．18．（6分）（2022•海淀区一模）WhenChrismovedinacrossthehallfromNormaCookfouryearsagoinaLosAngeles﹣areaapartmentcomplex，the31﹣year﹣oldactorwavedtohis85﹣year﹣oldneighborforafewweeksbeforefinallyknockingonherdoorandintroducinghimself．"thedayIenterherapartmentandspokewithherfacetofacewasthedaymylifewaschangedforever，"Chrissays．HelearnedthatCookhadnofamilylivinginCaliforniaandthatshesufferedfromalonglistofillnesses，includingleukemia（白血病）．Thepairquicklybecameclosefriends，asChristookhertodoctor'sappointments，cookedwithherandtheyranerrandstogether．Hesharedtheiradventuresonsocialmedia．Butrecently，Cook'shealthdeclinedandshewasinandoutofthehospitalseveraltimes．Sheoncespentweeksinthehospitalfightingpneumonia（肺炎）andbreathingissues．EventuallyCookwastoldbyoneofherdoctorsthatshecouldnolongerliveathomeunlessshehad24﹣hourcare．BecauseCookhadnomoneysavedtopayherhealthcarecosts，ChrisstartedaGoFundMeaccounttohelpcoverherbills．ButcaretakersareexpensiveandCookquicklywentthroughthe﹩34，445theyraised．Knowingherdaysathomewerelimited，ChrisinvitedCooktomoveinwithhimtosavemoney．"Shelovesit!IdomostofmyworkathomesoIamheremostofthetimetocareforher．Itonlymadesensetobothofus，"Chriswrote．"SheismyadoptedgrandmotherafterallandIamhergrandsonsheneverhad．""Cookstillhasweeklyhospicehealthcarevisitsandregularvisitsfromcaregivers，soanyfundsraisedcoverthoseexpenses，"hewrote．ThoughdoctorssayCook'sdaysareverylimited，thepairareenjoyingspendingtimetogetherdrinkingchampagneandsnugglingwithhercat，Hermes，whoalsomadethemove．"Shedoesnotwanttochange，"ChristoldToday．"Myapartmentwastheonlyplaceshewouldhavemoved．Shehasstrongopinionsaboutwhereshewantstocarryouttherestofherdays，andshewantstostayhere．"Chrissayshefeelsliketherelationshipwasfate．"Movingherin…itfeelsasthoughitwasmeanttobeallalong，"hesaid．"It'sreallyfulfilling（有成就感的）tobethereforher．"

40．ChrisinvitedCooktolivewithhimbecauseshe．A．hadnootherfamilymembersB．wasunabletoafford24﹣hourcareC．sharedsimilaradventureswithhimD．wastoldnottoliveathomebythedoctor41．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthatChris•A．workedasanactorforGoFundMeB．waslegallyadoptedasCook5sgrandsonC．collectedmoneyforCook'sprivatecareD．paidCook'sexpensivehealthcarecosts42．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeChris？A．Kindandsympathetic，B．Optimisticandfriendly．C．Patientandenthusiastic．D．Warm﹣heartedandoutgoing．19．（8分）（2022•海淀区一模）TheLifecycleofaT﹣shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT﹣shirts，butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT﹣shirtontheplanet？You'dprobablybesurprisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT﹣shirt．Thereare5majorstages：material，production，shipping，useanddisposalThematerialstageinvolvesfarming，irrigating，fertilizing，harvestingandginning．Whilecottonisanaturalfiber（纤维）andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasmanmadefibers，itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages．Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater，andtheuseofpesticides（杀虫剂）iswidespreadacrosstheglobe，especiallyincottonfarming．Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually，ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS．Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested，sobeginstheproductionstage：spinning，knitting，bleaching，dyeing，cutting，sewing，etc．﹣﹣theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy．Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater．AftertheT﹣shirtisproduced，itentersthetransportationstage．Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping．Takealookinyourcloset．Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments（衣服）aremadeinChinaorIndia．Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane，shiportruck…，allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere．CalculationsshowthatC02emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15poundspermile．OncetheT﹣shirtreachestheretailmarket，itispurchased．Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart．Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou5vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT﹣shirt．Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient．However，theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear，usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload．Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers．Thefinalstageoflifeisdisposal．Thisreleasesharmfulemissions，orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown．CurrentUSrecordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled，whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills．Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile，butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing…Ithasarealimpactontheplanet．Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact．Reuseandrecycleclothes．Ifthey5retoowornouttowear，cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags．Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles．Whenpossible，makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton．Turndownthethermostatonyourwasher，andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit．

43．Theunderlinedphrase"takesatoll"probablymeans""A．wasteswaterB．takesalotoftimeC．usesenergyD．hasabadeffect44．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatintheUS，．A．pesticidesincottonfarmingcostover4billiondollarseveryyearB．C02emissionsoflandtransportamountto1.15poundspermileC．about15%oftheclothesandshoesaremadeofmaterialsthatarerecycledD．about16，000gallonsofwaterisusedannuallybyanaveragefamilyonlaundry45．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage？A．Theproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety．B．TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia．C．Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown．D．Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages．46．Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle？A．Toencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity．B．Topromoteeco﹣friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes．C．Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton．D．Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing．20．（8分）（2022•海淀区一模）EudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword，particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle，whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls（缺失）inoneofthemostcentral，buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage：happiness．Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives，itistheword"happiness"thatwecommonlyturnto．Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforourjobs，ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday﹣to﹣daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness．Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea，buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor，atleast，heavilyquestionagreatmanychallengingbutworthwhilesituations．TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy；theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia，awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas"fulfilment"．Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain．Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand﹣atthesametime﹣underpressure，sufferingphysicallyormentally，overburdenedand，quitefrequently，inanirritable（易怒的）mood．Thisisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardfortheword"happiness"tocapture，forit'strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy，orhappyyetsuffering．However，suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble﹣soundingideaofEudaimonia．Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflife'smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment，andyetwillbeworthpursuing．Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents，managingahousehold，keepingarelationshipgoing，creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics…noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis．Theywill，infact，involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus，provoke（激怒）andwoundus．Andyetwewillperhaps，attheendofourlives，stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking．Throughthem，we'llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness．WiththewordEudaimoniainmind，wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain﹣freeexistence﹣andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood．We'llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime：we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential．

47．Whatdoweknowabout"Eudaimonia"fromthepassage？A．ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers．B．Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic．C．Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected．D．ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece．48．AccordingtoParagraph3，happiness．A．istheoppositeoffulfillmentB．isfreefromphysicalormentalpainC．stressesthepsychologicaldifferenceD．servesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal49．Wecanleamfromthepassagethat．A．aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself﹣blamingB．goalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappinessC．challengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertakingD．feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituations50．Thepassageencouragesthereadersto．A．findfulfillmentwithalleffortsB．seekforapain﹣freeexistenceC．keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD．balancehappinessandsuffering第二节（毎小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．21．（10分）（2022•海淀区一模）Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes，ships，coastlines，landmarks，andevenstormclouds．Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradiodirectionandranging．Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee，radar"sees"withradiowaves．Withoutradar，planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog．（1）Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects．Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s，whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar．（2）Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen．Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork．Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout，itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho．Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen．Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash，orablip，thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject．（3）Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings．Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships．（4）Weatherforecasters"see"thesize，direction，andspeedofstormsonradarscreens．Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancetothemoon．Thus，thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements．（5）HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates．Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks．Wehaveballistic﹣missiles（战略导弹）warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1，000milesaway．Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites．

A．Policetrackspeedersinradar﹣equippedcars．B．Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate．C．Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields．D．Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers．E．DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively．F．Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters．G．Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar'smostimportantfunctions．第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）22．（15分）（2022•海淀区一模）下面是你的美国朋友Jim给你发的一封邮件．请给他回一封邮件．Feb．16，2022DearLiHua，HappyChineseNewYear!AccordingtotheChinesezodiac，ababybornthisyearisa"dog"．Soamazing!HowmanyzodiacsignsarethereinChineseculture？Youknow，Iwasborninthesummerof2000．Couldyoupleasetellmewhatmyzodiacsignis？Andwhatdoesitmean？ThankyouandI'mlookingforwardtoyourreply．Yours，Jim第二节（20分）23．（20分）（2022•海淀区一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，用英语为校刊写一篇短文，记录今年春节你带奶奶去澳大利亚旅游的经历．注意：词数不少于60．提示词：悉尼Sydney

2022年北京市海淀区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）1．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Thecourseisdesignedtohelpstudentslearntoshowrespectfor．（）A．others B．both C．those D．either【考点】57：相互代词．【分析】这个课程是被设计帮助学生学习怎么表示对他人的尊敬的．【解答】本题考查代词．others泛指"其他人"；both两者都；those那些人；either两者中任何一个．根据句意可知这里泛指"其他人"．故选：A．【点评】本题考查代词的用法，要做好代词的题目，首先要弄清楚句意，判断这个代词是指代上文的哪个名词，是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指．2．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Hewillnevermakeprogressinmathhereallywantstolearnit．（）A．if B．aslongas C．unless D．incase【考点】HG：条件状语从句．【分析】他在数学方面将永远不会取得进步除非他真想学习它．【解答】A项"如果"；B项"只要"；D项"以防，万一"；C项"如果不，除非"；根据主从句的逻辑关系可知，除非他真想学习它，否则他在数学方面将永远不会取得进步，因此C项符合语境．故选：C．【点评】本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的连词或短语．平时学习中要加强连词短语的积累．3．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）AreportonfoodsafetyinBeijingonJanuary15th，2022andithasreceivedpositivereviews．（）A．published B．waspublished C．haspublished D．hasbeenpublished【考点】F4：一般过去时的被动语态．【分析】北京食品安全报告于2022年1月15日公布，并得到积极评价．【解答】根据句意和结构可知这句话的主语是Areportonfoodsafety，和publish是被动关系，时间是2022年1月15号用一般过去时的被动语态．故选：B．【点评】本题考查一般过去时，表示过去某个时间或某段时间发生的动作，也可以从上下文相应的动作判断．还要注意语态问题．4．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）goodairquality，thegovernmentisreplacingcoalfuelwithnaturalgas．（）A．Guaranteed B．Guaranteeing C．Toguarantee D．Guarantee【考点】BA：不定式．【分析】为了保证好的空气质量，政府正用天然气代替煤炭．【解答】根据句意和结构可知这里使用动词不定式作目的状语，过去分词，现在分词，动词原形都不能作目的状语．故选：C．【点评】本题考查不定式的用法，不定式可以作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语和状语，分析句子成分和理解句意作答．5．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）leavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelights．（）A．Which B．Who C．Whichever D．Whoever【考点】H8：主语从句综合．【分析】凡是最后一个离开教室的人应该关灯．【解答】根据句意和结构可知这个空引导主语从句，主语从句缺少主语用whoever引导，相当于anyonewho，who引导主语从句意为"谁"不符合句意；which哪个；whichever无论哪个，这里没有特定范围，不能选AC．故选：D．【点评】本题考查名词性从句，首先判断属于哪种名词性从句，再判断从句缺少什么成分，如果缺少主宾表，用what，不缺少成分和意思用that，缺少疑问词根据句意判断．6．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Thisproblemagain？Weitmanytimes!（）A．arediscussing B．discussed C．haddiscussed D．havediscussed【考点】E8：现在完成时．【分析】﹣﹣又是这个问题？﹣﹣我们已经讨论过许多次了．【解答】考查现在完成时态．强调对现在赞成的结果或影响，用现在完成时态．故选D项．A项：现在进行时；B项：一般过去时；C项：过去完成时．故选：D．【点评】解答此类问题要了解各种时态的基本含义，并区别各种时态之间的差异，了解某些时态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．7．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）OnSundaymorning，Nancyplansforthetripwhenhermotherwalkedin．（）A．isreviewing B．willreview C．wasreviewing D．reviewed【考点】E5：过去进行时．【分析】星期日早上，当南茜母亲进来的时候她正在审查她的旅行计划．【解答】考查过去进行时．根据时间状语从句whenhermotherwalkedin，要用过去进行时态，故选C项．A项：现在进行时态；B项：一般将来时；D项：一般过去时．故选：C．【点评】解答此类问题要了解各种时态的基本含义，并区别各种时态之间的差异，了解某些时态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．8．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）﹣Iwenttotheconcertlastnight．Itwasfantastic!﹣Youweresolucky!HowIwishIthetickettoo．（）A．hadgot B．wouldget C．got D．get【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】﹣﹣﹣我昨晚去听音乐会了，太棒了！﹣你真幸运！我多么希望我也了票【解答】考查虚拟语气．句意：我昨晚去听音乐会了，太棒了！你真幸运！我多么希望我也得到了票．根据第一句话可以判断本句是对过去时态的愿望，wish表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时．故选：A．【点评】虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点．考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式．9．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Oncebythesoccerteam，yourselfneedtotrainthreetimesaweek．（）A．accepting B．accepted C．toaccept D．accept【考点】BB：过去分词．【分析】一旦被足球队接纳，你自己需要一周练习三次．【解答】动词短语"sbbeacceptedby…"意为"被…接纳"，分析句子的结构可知，逗号之后为主句，逗号之前为从句，从句中为省略形式，主句的主语为"yourself"与动词"accept"之间为被动关系，因此从句中的结构为"Onceyouareacceptedbythesoccerteam，yourselfneedtotrainthreetimesaweek"．故选：B．【点评】本题考查从句中的省略．要注意规则：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，若从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式，此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略．常见于以下几种形式：1、连词+形容词Workhardwhen（youare）young，oryou'llregret．2、连词+名词Hecouldwritepoemswhen（hewas）yetachild．3、连词+现在分词While（shewas）walkingalongtheriverbank，shewassingingapopsong．4连词+过去分词If（itis）wellread，thebookwillgiveyoumuchtothink．5连词+不定式Hestoodupasif（hewere）tosaysomething．6、连词+介词短语Shelookedanxiousasthough（shewas）introuble．当从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be或包含be的某种形式时，it和be常可同时省略．10．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）﹣HaveyouheardthatSpaceXsentaTeslacarintospace？﹣Yes．theyhaveachievedisamazing．（）A．Where B．What C．That D．How【考点】56：疑问代词．【分析】﹣﹣你听说SpaceX把特斯拉汽车送进太空了吗？﹣﹣是的，他们获得的成就是令人惊叹的．【解答】本题考查名词性从句．这个空引导主语从句，从句中achieved后面缺少宾语，用what引导主语从句，where和how不符合句意，that引导的名词性从句是完整的．故选：B．【点评】本题考查名词性从句，首先判断属于哪种名词性从句，再判断从句缺少什么成分，如果缺少主宾表，用what，不缺少成分和意思用that，缺少疑问词根据句意判断．11．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）ItisthroughdecadesofhardworkChinahasprogressedtoanewstage．（）A．that B．where C．which D．what【考点】GC：强调句．【分析】它是通过几十年的努力，中国已经发展到一个新的阶段．【解答】考查强调句．句意：它是通过几十年的努力，中国已经发展到一个新的阶段．被强调部分是throughdecadesofhardwork，根据强调句的固定结构Itis+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分．故选：A．【点评】强调句是英语中的一个基本句型，也是考试的一个语法内容，在英文中，句子的主语、宾语、状语都可以以一种固定的句式表示对它的强调．Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的剩余部分，掌握固定结构是做好强调句的关键．12．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Themayormadeastatementhisconcernforthemisuseofsharedbicycles．（）A．voiced B．voice C．voicing D．havingvoiced【考点】B3：现在分词．【分析】市长发表一项声明，表达他对共享自行车滥用的担心．【解答】根据句意和结构可知这里使用状语，主语themajor和voice是主动关系，用现在分词作状语．故选：C．【点评】本题考查现在分词的用法．现在分词在句中不可以作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作表语、状语、补足语等．现在分词和修饰的名词或和主语之间是主动的关系．13．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）Michaelwashappythathehadaroof______hisheadwhenitrained．（）A．on B．over C．up D．around【考点】8C：介词．【分析】米迦勒很高兴下雨时他头上有个屋顶．【解答】考查介词．句意：米迦勒很高兴下雨时他头上有个屋顶．on要接触，over在什么正上方，up在什么上面，around在…的周围．故选：B．【点评】介词的题目要认真掌握好常用介词的主要用法及动词与介词的搭配．这是考查的重点，也是做题的基础．在具体的题目中，要首先判断考查方式，是考查介词辨析，介词短语，还是带介词的定语从句，判断后再做分析．14．（1分）（2022•河西区三模）Yousomethinggreat，otherwiseyouwouldn'thavegotthepromotion．（）A．shoulddo B．mustdo C．shouldhavedone D．musthavedone【考点】A6：情态动词．【分析】你一定做了伟大的事情，否则你就不会被提拔了．【解答】根据句意和wouldn'thavegot可知这是对过去的虚拟，前面是介绍过去的事情，排除AB；这里是对过去的肯定推测，用musthavedone过去一定做了某事．shouldhavedone本应该做而没有做．故选：D．【点评】本题考查情态动词辨析．平时要熟记每个情态动词的基本用法，做题时结合句意和说话人的语气判断用哪个合适．15．（1分）（2022•海淀区一模）AcrossthestreetistheresearchcenterStephenHawkingmadehisground﹣breakingdiscoveriesinphysics．（）A．where B．that C．when D．which【考点】H1：限制性定语从句．【分析】街对面是StephenHawking研究中心是在物理学领域取得突破性进展的研究中心．【解答】考查定语从句．句意：街对面是StephenHawking研究中心是在物理学领域取得突破性进展的研究中心．先行词是研究中心，在定语从句中做状语"在这个研究中心"，所以用where引导．that、which不能做状语，when做时间状语．故选：A．【点评】定语从句又称为形容词性从句，综观历年高考试题，我们可以发现该语法项目是测试中的热点与难点，解定语从句的题目首先要知道哪一句是主句，哪一句是从句，被修饰的词是谁，从句中的句子成分缺失什么，根据缺失成分的不同从而选出相对应的关系代词或者关系副词，从而选出正确的答案，解题的关键是从句句子的成分分析．第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑．16．（30分）（2022•陕西二模）MyparentsdivorcedwhenIwas11yearsold．Oneyearlater，myfather（1）Aprovidinganytypeoffinancialsupportforus．Timesweredefinitely（2）Cthen．Irememberthethreateningcallsfrombillcollectors，andthesoundofmymothercryinglateatnight．（3）CthememorythatsurfacesmuchmorestronglythanalltheothersisoneinwhichIlearnedadearlessonabout（4）D．To（5）Aourfamilymymotherworkeddayandnight．Drivinghomelateonenight，shestoppedataredlight．A（6）Bcarracingupcrashedintothebackofmymother'scar．Amazingly，mymother（7）D，buthercardidn't．Thedriveroftheothercarwasayoungmanwithno（8）A，sohecouldn'taffordtorepairhercar．Thenextday，Isawourneighbors，theClaytonshandingmymotheranenvelopewith﹩500inside．Iremembermy（9）C，toughmotherinsistingthatshecouldn'ttaketheirmoney．Therewasnowayshecould（10）Bpaythemback．Mr．Claytonsaidwithasmile．"Don'tworryaboutpayingusback．Whentimesarebetter，justhelpsomeoneelsewhoisin（11）B．Thatwillbe（12）Cenough．"Mymothertookhiswordstoheart．Ayearlater，onherwaybackhomefromwork，shemetayoungwomanholdingacryingbaby．Sheinvitedthemintoourkitchenand（13）Dsomefoodforthem．Asthenightworeon，theyoungwoman'sstory（14）A．Shehadrunawayfromanunfortunatemarriage，takingonlyherkidandahandfulof（15）A．Mymothermadethemamakeshiftbedonourlivingroomcouch．Later，Isawheropenherpurseandhandtheyoungwomansomemoney．Iknewthatwasalmostallthemoneyshehad，yetIsawsuchalookof（16）Cuponherfaceasshehandeditfreelytothegirl．Throughtheyears，timescontinuedtobetoughforourfamily．Inspiteofthis，mymotherstill（17）Douttohelpothershowevershecould，whetheritwas（18）Bmoney，time，oranotherformofservice．Ithasbeenseveraldecadessinceourneighborsgavetheir（19）DThesweetlessonIhavelearnedfromthedearneighborandmymotherwasthatwhentimesaretough，actsofkindnessandgenerositycanmakesucha（20）B．

（1）A．stoppedB．rememberedC．avoidedD．suggested（2）A．puzzlingB．memorableC．challengingD．valuable（3）A．AndB．SoC．ButD．Or（4）A．acceptingB．respectingC．sharingD．caring（5）A．supportB．educateC．uniteD．serve（6）A．shinyB．speedingC．passingD．costly（7）A．sufferedB．screamedC．escapedD．survived（8）A．insuranceB．licenceC．experienceD．family（9）A．desperateB．inspiringC．proudD．loving（10）A．secretlyB．possiblyC．naturallyD．seriously（11）A．anxietyB．needC．turnD．depression（12）A．politenessB．successC．paymentD．effort（13）A．cooledB．boughtC．storedD．prepared（14）A．unfoldedB．continuedC．endedD．paused（15）A．possessionsB．jewelsC．toolsD．purses（16）A．hesitationB．confusionC．determinationD．caution（17）A．rushedB．workedC．gaveD．reached（18）A．aboutB．withC．atD．for（19）A．lessonB．opinionC．chanceD．gift（20）A．senseB．differenceC．requestD．decision【考点】MD：教育文化类阅读．【分析】文体为记叙文．讲述的是"作者父母离婚后，母亲和作者生活窘迫，但依然帮助在困境中的人"的暖心故事．【解答】16．A．考查动词及语境理解．根据下文Irememberthethreateningcallsfrombillcollectors，andthesoundofmymothercryinglateatnight可知作者的父亲停止提供抚养费，让作者和母亲陷入了困境，故答案为A．17．C．考查形容词及语境理解．根据下文Irememberthethreateningcallsfrombillcollectors可知当时艰难是时期对于作者和母亲来说是一种挑战，故答案为C．18．C．考查连词及语境理解．根据下文thememorythatsurfacesmuchmorestronglythanalltheothersisoneinwhichIlearnedadearlesson可知前后为转折关系，应该使用转折连词but，故答案为C．19．D．考查动词及语境理解．根据下文ThesweetlessonIhavelearnedfromthedearneighborandmymotherwasthatwhentimesaretough，actsofkindnessandgenerosity可知作者学到的人生的教训是关爱他人，故答案为D．20．A．考查动词及语境理解．根据下文ourfamilymymotherworkeddayandnight可知母亲为了养家糊口，不得不白天黑夜工作，故答案为A．21．B．考查形容词及语境理解．根据下文racingupcrashedintothebackofmymother'scar可知此处指的是一辆超速的车辆，故答案为B．22．D．考查动词及语境理解．根据下文buthercardidn't可知幸运的是妈妈幸存了下来，但是车没有幸免，故答案为D．23．A．考查名词及语境理解．根据下文