全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类完形填空题库一

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类完形填空题库一[问答题]1.Giventhechoicebetweenspendinganeveningwithfriendsandtakingexdivatime（江南博哥）forhisschoolwork,AndyKliseadmitshewouldprobablyoptforthelatter.It'snotthathedoesn'tliketohavefun;it'sjustthathisdesiretoexcelacademicallydriveshisdecision-makingprocess.A2001graduateofWoosterHighSchoolandnowaseniorbiology(1)m____atTheCollegeofWooster,Kliseacknowledgesthathemaysomedayhavesecondthoughtsabouthisdecisiontolimitthetimehehasspent(2)____(social),butfornow,heiscomfordiv(3)____thechoiceshehasmade.“Ifthingshadnotworkedoutaswellastheyhave,Iwouldhavehadsomeregrets,”saysKlise,(4)____wasaPhiBetaKappainducteeasajunior.“Butspendingtheexdivatimestudyinghasbeenwellworththe(5)____(invest).Irealizedearlyonthattobesuccessful,Ihadtomakecertain(6)sa____.”Asfortheoriginofhisintensemotivation,Klisenotesthatithasbeenpartofhismakeupforaslongashecanremember.“I'vealwaysbeengoal(7)____,”hesays.“ThisinternaldrivehascausedmetogivemyallinprettymucheverythingIdo.”KlisecreditsWooster'snationallyrecognizedIndependentStudy(I.S.)programwithpreparinghimforhisnextstepinlife;aresearchpositionwiththeNationalInstituteofHealth(NIH).“IamhopingthatmyI.S.experiencewillhelpme(8)l____aresearchpositionwithNIH,”saysKlise.“Theyearlongprogramgivesstudentsachancetoworkwithsomeofthenation's(9)____(lead)scientistswhilemakingthe(10)div____fromundergraduatetograduatestudiesoracareerinthemedicalfield.”参考答案：1.major从前文的biology可知此处填major。biologymajor生物专业学生。2.socializing句意：限制他花在社交活动方面的时间。3.withbecomfortablewith对…感到舒适。4.who从下文可知此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰Klise，所以填who。5.investment句意：但是把业余时间花费在学习上却很值得投入。investment投资，投入。6.sacrifices句意：我得做出些牺牲。sacrifice牺牲，放弃。7.orientedoriented导向的，通常作后缀，构成复合形容词。goaloriented以目标为导向的。8.landland（经激烈竞争）获得。landaresearchpositionwithNIH获得在NIH的研究机会。9.leadingleadingscientists最主要的科学家。10.transition根据后面fromundergraduatetograduate可知此处是transition。transition过渡。[问答题]2.MostBritishcouples,whetherreligiousornot,haveachurchwedding,whichcombinesthereligiousritewiththelegalcondivact.Weddingarrangementforinvitingandentertainingguestsataweddingareusuallythe(1)____(responsible)ofthebride'sfamily.Inmostcasesitismainlyfriendsand(2)re____ofbothfamilieswhoareinvited,butwhenthebride'sfatherisapersonwith(3)pr____socialstandingorabusinessmanofsomekind,theweddingreceptionmayprovideausefuloccasionforestablishingsocial(4)co____withthosepeoplewhosegoodwillmaybeofgreatadvantagetohimandhisfamily.Itishowever,thebride'smotherwhohasthejobofsendingouttheformalprinted(5)____(invite)cards.Inthecaseofchurchwedding,thevicarofeachparishinwhichthebrideandbridegroomliveisnormallyinformedaboutamonthin(6)____oftheceremonysothatanannouncementofthecomingweddingcanbemadeinchurchoneachofthreeSundaysbeforeittakesplace.Oftenuptoahundredormorepeopleattendthereligiousserviceandthechurchandthebrideusuallywearsthe(7)____(divadition)longwhitedressandveil,whileher(8)br____,whoareoftenchildren,wearlongdressesinadivivactivecolours.TheweddingceremonyresemblesaChristianseviceduringwhichthebrideandbridegroommakepromisestoeachother,accordingtowhich,whateverunforeseendifficultiestheymayencounter,theywillremain(9)l____toeachotheruntiltheydie.Theweddingceremonymayalsohappeninthecaseofacivilweddinginaregisterofficebutisprobablylessusualandmorepurely(10)l____.参考答案：1.responsibility由前面的定冠词the以及后面的of可知此处需填的是名词形式。2.relations/relatives在大多数情况下婚礼上请的都是双方的亲朋好友。3.minent显著的，突出的。4.connectionssocialconnection社交关系，社会联系。5.invitationinvitationcard请柬。6.advanceinadvanceof提前。7.traditional此处需用tradition的形容词形式修饰后面的名词dressandveil。8.bridesmaids婚礼中新娘会有自己的伴娘。9.loyal在婚礼仪式上，新娘新郎要宣誓，无论今后遇到什么困难都要忠诚于对方，直到永远。10.legal文章第一句话提到教堂婚礼是宗教仪式和法律契约的结合，而此处在结婚登记处举行的婚礼就只有纯粹的法律意义了。[问答题]3.Intheearly1950stheresearcherswhoproducedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenotthinkingofusingthemforcommunications.(1)H____,fiberopticswasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperbyKaoandHockham,(2)____(claim)theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersforcommunication,appearedin1966.Thefirstlow-losssilicafiberwasdescribedin(3)____whichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateofthispublicationissometimes(4)____(cite)asthebeginningoftheeraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive(5)____(consider)attentionintheresearchcommunityatthetime,itwasfarfrominevidivthatamajorindusdivywouldevolve.Thetechnologicalbarriersappearedformidablebecausetherewereseriousdoubtsasto(6)wh_____thesefibercomponentscouldeverbeproducedeconomicallyenough,butthemarketpotentialwasverysignificant.(7)____(consequence),researchanddevelopmentactivityexpandedrapidly,andanumberofimportantissueswere(8)re_____duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970s，therateofprogresstowardsmarkedivproductsacceleratedastheemphasis(9)____(shift)fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlosses(10)app____theRayleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8μmwereproduced.By1980improvementincomponentperformance,cost,andreliabilityledtomajorcommitmentsonthepartoftelephonecompanies.参考答案：1.However此处句意发生转折。此句译为：50年代初期，那些生产出第一批被覆层玻璃光纤的研究者们尚未考虑将光纤应用到通信中。然而，当1966年Kao和Hockham发表著名论文，提出把低耗光纤应用于通讯中时，纤维光学已经成为一个相当成熟的商业技术了。2.claiming现在分词作后置定语。3.publication从下句的thispublication可知答案为publication。4.cited此处为被动语态。句意为：这篇文章发表的日期经常被人们称为光纤通讯时代的起始日。5.considerable此处需要形容词形式修饰名词attention。considerableattention相当多的关注。此句可译为：尽管当时这项技术在研究领域确实引起了极大的关注，但要发展成一个重要产业还相差甚远。6.whether此句可译为：该技术障碍似乎难以逾越，因为人们十分怀疑这些纤维构件是否可以以足够低的成本生产出来，但是市场潜力是十分巨大的。7.Consequently此句成分完整，用表示因果关系的副词consequently以与上句的联系紧凑。8.resolvedresolve找到解决…的方法，与issues搭配，指一系列问题得到了解决。9.shiftedshift指位置或方向的移动、改变；指由一种形式或用途改变为另一种形式或用途。10.approachingapproachingtheRayleighlimit接近瑞利极限。[问答题]4.February14isValentine’sDay.Althoughitiscelebratedasalovers’holidaytoday,withritegivingofcandy,flowers,orothergiftsbetweencouplesinlove,itoriginatedin5thCenturyRomeasarespect(1)____St.Valentine,aCatholicbishop.Foreighthundredyearsbeforethe(2)____(establish)ofValentine’sDay,theRomanshad(3)pr____apagan(异教徒)celebrationinmid-Februaryhonoringyoungmen’sceremonyofpassagetothegodLupercus.Thecelebrationwascharacterizedbylotteryin(4)____youngmenwoulddrawthenamesof(5)teen____girlsfromabox.Thegirlgiventoeachyoungmaninthiswaywouldbehiscompaniontherestoftheyear.Inanefforttodoawaywithsucha(6)f____,PopeGelasiusorderedaslightchangeinthelottery.Insteadofthenamesofyoungwomen,theboxwouldcontainthenamesofsaints.(7)____themenandwomenwereallowedtodrawfromthebox,andthegamewasto(8)imi____thewaysofthesainttheydrewduringtherestofriteyear.However,manyyoungRomanmenwerenottoopleased(9)____thecopying.InsteadofthepagangodLupercus,theChurchlookedforasuidivsaintoflovetotakehis(10)p____.TheyfoundanappropriatechoiceinValentine,who,inAD270hadbeenkilledbyEnterClaudius.参考答案：1.to对某人的尊敬用therespecttosb.。本句译文：如今尽管恋爱中的情侣在这一天互赠糖果、鲜花和其他礼物，把它作为情人节来庆祝，但是它起初在5世纪的罗马出现时是为了表达对一位天主教徒Valentine的尊敬。2.establishmentestablishment确立，建立。本句译文：在Valentine节确定前的800年里，罗马人在二月中旬举行异教徒的庆典，表达对青年人接近Lupercus神的仪式的崇敬。3.practicedpractise做动词有特殊含义：(doorperformsth.customarily)遵循，奉行(风俗、宗教、仪式等)，如：ThenativesmostlypracticedChristianity.当地人大多信奉基督教。4.which关系代词which可以放在介词in后面，引导定语从句。本句译文：庆祝的特征是摸彩，年轻的小伙子从一个盒子里摸出少女的名字。5.teenageteenage(adj.)十三到十九岁的。6.festivalfestival节日；庆祝。本句译文：为了废除这样的庆祝，Gelasius教皇发布命令，对摸彩做了小的变动。7.Both本句译文：男女都可以参加摸彩，游戏的目的是为了让人们要在一年中剩下的时间里模仿所抽出的圣徒的行为方式。both…and…符合结构及语法要求。8.imitate根据下句的copy模仿，猜测本空该填其同义词imitate模仿。9.with(bepleasedwith对…感到高兴、满意。)10.placetakeone’splace代替。本句译文：为了替代异教的Lupercus神，教会开始寻找合适的爱情守护神。[问答题]5.TheGreatDepressionspreadfromtheUStotherestofthecapitalistworld,yetitaffectedtheAmericansthemost.Itgave(1)____tothefearthatsuchcatasdivopheswould(2)____(occur)oreventhattheAmericaneconomywouldliveina(3)s____ofpermanentdepressionunlessradicalchangeswere(4)m____intheeconomicsystem.Thefearisnowgone,partlybecausethatanalysiswasjudgedfaulty.Changesininstitutionsandpoliciesthat(5)sta____theeconomyalsohelpedtodispelthosefears.People'sworry(6)per____aboutthepossibilityoflesssevere,butstilldebilitating(使虚弱),recessions,(7)____.Buttheexperienceofthepostwaryearshasprovidedtwolessons:First,theonlyseriousrecessionsinwhichUSunemploymentrosetohighsof9percentand11percent(8)re____,cameafterfairlyhighinflation.Second,evenrecessionsofthatdepthlateron(9)t____outtobelesspainfulthanhadbeenexpectedbecausetheywereshort.Thiswasbecausethe(10)____Americanworkerhadsubstantialassets,andwaslikelytobeinafamilywithmorethanoneworker.参考答案：1.risegiveriseto引起，该句译为：大萧条使人们有了这样一种恐惧……2.recurrecur再次发生。这里指，经济大萧条之后，人们担心灾难会重演。3.stateinastateof...，在…的状态中。该句译为：人们担心美国经济会一直处于萧条的状态中。4.mademakechanges发生变化。注意是被动语态。5.stabilizedstabilize稳定，与economy搭配，表示“稳定经济”。注意时态为过去时。6.persisted根据上文，人们对大规模经济危机的恐惧消失了，但仍在担心小规模的危机，所填的词是“消失”的反义词。persist继续存在。7.however根据上文，尽管人们对大萧条的恐惧消失了，但对小规模经济萧条仍心存疑虑。此处应填一个转折连词，所以填however。8.respectivelyrespectively分别。该句可译为：美国仅有的两次失业率分别高达9%和11%，严重经济衰退都发生在较高的通货膨胀后。9.turnedturnout意为“后来被发现是”、“结果是”，有出乎意料的含义。10.averageaverage一般的，通常的，这里说的是一般美国工人的平均情况。[问答题]6.Britain’scarindusdivymaybeshowingdownbutBritishengineerscanstillbuildtheworld’sfastestcar.(1)____(consdivuct)workbeginstodayonacarthatengineershopewillbreakthelandspeedrecord(2)____morethan200mph.Thecar,Bloodhound,isdesignedtodivavelfasterthan1,000mph(1,600km/h)—farin(3)ex____ofthespeedofsoundandtheequivalentofcrossingfourfootballpitcheseverysecond.Therecordof763mphwas(4)s____in1997bytheRoyalAirForcepilotAndyGreen,whowillalsodriveBloodhound.Thetimedivialis(5)sch____for2011andwilltakeplaceindesertintheNorthernCapeofSouthAfrica.Thecar’spencil-shapeshellismadefrom(6)____(forge)aerospace-gradealuminum.Threeengineslieunderthebonnet:a400kgEuro-fighterTyphoonjetengine,arocketandathirdenginetopumpfuelthroughtotherocket.Thiscombinationshouldproduce135,000horsepower—(7)eq____tothepowerof180FormulaOnecars.WingCommanderGreen,46,willliefeet—firstinBloodhound.Asthecar(8)____(acceleration)to1,050mphin40secondshewillexperienceaforceof2.5G,orabouttwicehisbodyweight,Ashedeceleratesandexperiencesforcesofupto3G,thebloodwilldrainfromhisheadtohisfeetandhecouldblackout.Hewillprepare(9)____thedivialbyflyingupsidedowninastuntaircraft.“Ahugeadvantageis(10)____I’vegot20years’experienceofflyingfastjets,”hesaid.参考答案：1.construction名词作主语。2.byby可表速率。3.excessinexcessof超过…。4.setsetarecord创下纪录。5.scheduledbescheduledfor定于…(时间)。6.forgedforged锻造的。aerospace-grade航空级。7.equivalentbeequivalentto与…相等。后半句省略了whichis。8.acceleratesaccelerateto加速到…。主句是将来时，as引导的从句用一般现在时。9.forpreparefor为…作准备。10.that此句是表语从句，要用that引导。[问答题]7.Sincemovingpictureswereinventedacenturyago,anewwayofdisdivibutingentertainmenttoconsumershasemergedaboutonceeverygeneration.Eachsuch(1)____(innovate)haschangedtheindusdivyirreversibly;eachhasbeen(2)acco____byaperiodoffearmixedwithexhilaration.Thearrivalofdigitaltechnology,(3)____divanslatesmusic,picturesandtextintothezerosandonesofcomputerlanguage,marksoneofthose(4)p____.Thismaysoundfamiliar,becausethedigitalrevolution,andtheexplosionofchoicethatwouldgowithit,hasbeenshownforsometime.In1992,JohnMalone,chiefexecutiveofTCI,anAmericancablegiant,welcomedthe“500-channeluniverse.”Digitaltelevisionwasabouttodelivereverything(5)____pizzastopeople'slivingrooms.Whentheentertainmentcompanies(6)____(divy)outthetechnology,itworkedfine-butnotatapricethatpeoplewerepreparedtopay.Those500channelseventuallyarrivedbutviatheInternetandthePC(7)____thanthroughtelevision.Thedigitalrevolutionwasstartingtoaffecttheentertainmentbusinessin(8)____(expect)ways.Eventuallyitwillchangeeveryaspectofit,fromthewaycartoonsaremadetothewayfilmsarescreenedtothewaypeoplebuymusic.Thatmuchisclear.(9)____nobodyissureofishowitwillaffecttheeconomicsofthebusiness.Newtechnologiesalwayscontainwithinthemboth(10)th____andopportunities.Theyhavethepotentialbothtomakethecompaniesinthebusinessagreatdealricher,andtosweepthemaway.Oldcompaniesalwaysfearnewtechnology.参考答案：1.innovationinnovation改革，创新，此处指的是上文提到的anewwayofdistributing。2.accompaniedaccompanyby伴随，随同。obstruct阻塞，阻碍。compromise妥协signal发出信号。3.which从上下文可知此处是非限制性定语从句，所以填which。4.periodsperiod时期，与前文aperiodoffearmixedwithexhilaration照应。5.except从前面的everything和pizza可知填except，television不能送pizza。6.triedtryout试验，试用。sortout挑选出。workout计算出，解决。figureout计算出。7.ratherratherthan而不是。otherthan除了。8.ｕnexpectedinunexpectedways用出人意料的方式。9.What根据后文可知此处缺少主语，what引导主语从句。10.threats句意：新技术总是同时包含着威胁和机遇。此处需用名词复数形式与后面的opportunities构成平行结构。[问答题]8.Forallthetalkofhissustainedadolescence,noperformermadeamorecompellingendivanceintomanhoodthanMichaelJacksondidwiththereleaseofhis1979album,“OfftheWall”justacoupleofweeksbeforehis21st（1）____（day）.Itwasallthemorestunningbecausewehadwatchedhimduringhis（2）child____andadolescence.Hewasn’tanapparitionrisingoutofobscurity,likeElvisPresley.Tobecomewhohewasin“OfftheWall,”hehadtoannul—ifnotdesdivoy—theperformerhehadbeenintheJackson5.However,thechangewas（3）____（organ）aswellasdeliberate.MichaelJacksongrewintohisbody,andoutofthatnewbodyemergedwhollynewideasofwhatpopmusic,andthe（4）move____itgenerates,were.Itcanbehardtoremembernow,30yearslater,justhowubiquitousthehitsfromthatalbum,especially“RockwithYou,”reallywere.Insoul,inrock‘n’roll,andinpop,thereisalongdivaditionofmensinginginhighvoices,theheightofthevoicesuggestingthepitchofthesinger’sfervour.MichaelJacksonmadethesweetnessofthathighvoicegutturaland（5）____（demand）.Heshowedthatitwasrootedinhisfeetandhipsandhands.Here-sexualizeditinawaythatyoucouldneverreallymistake—then—asandrogynous.Veryfewartists—certainlyveryfewchildstars—haveeverredefinedthemselvesasthoroughlyoras（6）____（success）asMichaelJacksondid.Hissecondactwasbetterthananynumberoffirstactsputtogether.Theuncannythingwasn’tjusthisphysicaldivansformation,orhishypnoticnewabilitytomove.Itwasthecertaintyof“OfftheWall”anditssequel“Thriller”thatthiswasthemusicwewantedtohear.Heknew,too,thatthiswasamusicwewantedto（7）____（visual）,toseeformalisedandsetlooseindance.Inasense,hewasloosinghisdivansformationupontherestofus,expectingustobecaughtupinthe（8）excite____themusiccausedinhim,andwewere.Michaeljacksoncametobesynonymouswithdivansformation—ultimately,withaneeriestasisthatcomesfromseekingdivansformationallthetime.Thealchemyofchangeworkedlongerand（9）____（well）forhim—throughthe’80sandintotheearly’90s—thanithasforalmostanyotherartist.Yetsomehowallthechangesalwaystakeus（10）____tothealbuminwhichMichaelJacksongrewup.参考答案：1.birthday此处提到迈克尔·杰克逊1979年的专辑发行于他21岁生日的前几周。由出现的一系列时间提示语可知答案为birthday。2.childhood此处所填词汇应与adolescence相对应，由提示词child可知，作者想要表达的意思是“在他的童年和青年时代”。3.organicaswellas连接的前后两项词性相同，由deliberate可知前一项也应为形容词。organic逐渐的，演变的，自然的。4.movement由表述ideasofwhat……were可知空白处应填与move向对应的名词，故答案为movement。5.demanding由原文可知，迈克尔·杰克逊发出的高音很甜美，这是种喉音，对技术要求很高。demanding苛刻的，要求高的。6.successfully原文中，thoroughly为副词，故空白处所填词应为副词，采用success的副词形式successfully。7.visualize由wanttodosth.可知，空白处为动词形式，visual的动词形式为visualize，意为“想象；使具体化”。8.excitement由原文可知，在某种意义上，迈克尔·杰克逊不受约束地表达他的声音转变，希望我们能够沉浸在音乐带给他的欢愉中。9.better原文中出现的是并列结构，前一项longer为比较级，故后一项应使用well的比较级better。10.backtakesb.backto使某人回忆起；使某人回到…。这里指“不管怎样，这些转变总是带我们回到伴迈克尔·杰克逊成长的那些专辑中”。[问答题]9.Bydegreestheshutterswereopened;thewindow-blindsweredrawnup,andpeoplebeganpassingtoand(1)____.SomefewstoppedtogazeatOliverforamomentortwo,orturnedroundto(2)st____athimastheyhurriedby;butnonerelievedhim,ordivoubledthemselvestoinquirehowhecamethere.Hehadnohearttobeg.Andtherehesat.Hehadbeencrouchingonthestepforsometime,(3)____(wonder)atthegreatnumberofpublic-houses(everyotherhouseinBarnetwasatavern,largeorsmall);gazinglistlessly(4)____thecoachesastheypassedthrough,andthinkinghowsdivangeitseemedthattheycoulddo,with(5)e____,inafewhours,whatithadtakenhimawholeweekofcourageand(6)____(determine)beyondhisyearstoaccomplish;whenhewasrousedbyobservingthataboy,whohadpassedhimcarelesslysomeminutesbefore,hadreturned,andwasnowsurveyinghimmost(7)____(earnest)fromthe(8)o____sideoftheway.Hetooklittleheedofthisatfirst;buttheboyremainedinthesameattitudeofcloseobservationsolong,thatOliver(9)____(raise)hishead,andreturnedhissteadylook.Uponthis,theboycrossedover,and,(10)w____closeuptoOliver,said,“Hello!Mycovey,what’stherow?”参考答案：1.frotoandfro来来回回地，往复地，固定搭配。2.starestareat盯住，凝视，与本句or前面的gazeat相呼应。3.wondering现在分词作伴随状语。4.atgazeat盯住，盯着，固定搭配，见上文第二句SomefewstoppedtogazeatOliverforamomentortwo,…。5.ease句意：他曾经花了一整个星期的时间，用超出他年龄的勇气和决心才能完成的事情，而他们在数小时内就可以轻松完成，这在他眼里是多么的奇怪啊。inafewhours与awholeweek形成对比；withease与ofcourageanddeterminationbeyondhisyears形成对比。6.determinationand前后形式要对应，courage勇气，是名词，所以要用determine的名词形式determination。7.earnestly本空修饰前面的动词survey，要用副词形式。8.oppositefromtheoppositesideoftheway从路的另一边。后面第75个空前面提到了crossover横穿，横越，即他是在路的对面的。9.raised用raise的过去时raised与and后面的returned相呼应。10.walking本句的句子主干是theboycrossedover,andsaid…，and前后连接的是crossedover与said，并非crossedover与空格处。所以空格处只能用现在分词作伴随状语，修饰后面的动词said。crossover横穿，横越。与crossover相对应，walkcloseupto走进，靠过来。[问答题]10.Oneofthequestionscomingintofocusaswefacegrowingscarcityofresourcesintheworldishowtodividelimitedresourcesamongcoundivies.Intheinternationaldevelopment(1)com____,thecoronalwisdomhasbeenthatthebillionpeoplelivinginpoorcoundiviescouldneverexpectto(2)r____thestandardoflivingthatmostofthepeopleinNorthAmericaenjoy,simplybecausetheworlddoesnotcontainenoughironore,protein,pedivoleum,andsoon.Atthesametime,weintheUnitedStateshavecontinuedtopursuesuper-affluenceasthoughtherewerenolimits(3)____howmuchwecouldconsume.We(4)m____only6percentoftheworld’speople;yetweconsumeonethirdoftheworld’sresources.Aslongastheresourcesweconsumedeachyearcameprimarilyfrom(5)w____ourownboundaries,thiswaslargelyaninternalmatter.Butasourresourcescomemoreandmorefromtheoutsideworld,wewillnolongerbeabletothinkin(6)____of“our”resourcesand“their”resources,butonlyof(7)c____resources.AsAmericansconsumesucha(n)(8)____(proportion)shareoftheworld’sresources,wehavetoquestionwhetherornotwecancontinueourpursuitofsuper-affluenceinaworldof(9)____(scarce).Wearenowreachingthepointatwhichwemustcarefullyexaminethepresumedlinkbetweenourlevelofwell-beingandthelevelofmaterialgoodsconsumed.Ifyouhaveonlyonecrustofbreadandgetanothercrustofbread,yourwell-beingisgreatlyenhanced.Butifyouhavealoafofbread,thenanadditionalcrustofbreaddoesn’tmake(10)d____.Intheeyesofmostoftheworldtoday,Americanshavetheirloafofbreadandareaskingforstillmore.Theprospectofascarcityof,andcompetitionin,theworld’sresourcesrequiresthatwere-examinethewayinwhichwerelatetotherestoftheworld.参考答案：1.munity社会整体，大众。这里指由各个国家共同构成却又彼此独立的有机整体。2.reachreachthestandardofliving达到生活标准。3.onlimit后能接of，to，on／upon等介词，意思不相同。limit后接on，指对…施加限制，如：placealimitonthenumberofvisitors限制参观的人数。limit后接of指…的限制，如：reachthelimitofone’spatience达到了忍无可忍的地步。4.makemake构成。此句译为：我们只占世界人口的6%，但我们消费的资源却占世界三分之一。5.within该句译为：既然我们过去每年消耗的资源主要来自国内，这个问题基本上就只属于本国内部事务。与后一句的fromtheoutsideworld形成对比，故填within。6.termsintermsof根据，按照，用…的话，在…方面。7.mon共有的，强调每个成员都有份，如：commoninterests共同利益。forthecommongood为公共利益。8.disproportionate上文谈到美国人口仅占世界6%，但消耗的资源却占三分之一，这是与人口不成比例的，故填disproportionate。9.scarcity文章主题句说：正当我们面临着世界资源匮乏之际，一个焦点问题就是国家间如何分配有限的资源。与主题句中的scarcity对应。10.difference此句可译为：如果你只有一块干面包，再得到一块，那你的生活就会大大改善，但如果你已有一整条面包，再多得一块，并没多少区别。[问答题]11.Thisbookisaboutthefutureoftechnology.Initwewillexaminesomeofthemanyrecentdevelopmentsinafewkeyfieldsanddivy,inalimitedway,topredictwheretheywilltakeusinthenextfifteenyearsor(1)____.Ifthatsoundslikeamodestgoal,it’snot.Technologyisthe(2)____(dominate)forceofourtimeandprobablyofalltimetocome.Itappearsinmorevarietiesthanwecancount.Itchangessorapidly(3)____noscientistorengineercankeepupwithhisownfield,muchlesswithtechnologyingeneral.Itpermeatesandshapesourlivesateveryturn.Weliveintechnology(4)____fishliveinthesea,andwehaveonlyalittlebetterchanceof(5)f____thedetailsofitsfuturechanges.Yetthetaskiswellworthundertaking.Whateverhintswecanglean(一点点搜集)aboutthefuturewinhelpusprepareforthechangestocome.Modestforecasts,evidenceofdivends,afewconcretedevelopmentstobeexpectedallarebetterthannowarningatall.And(6)th____technologyhasmadethepresentmuchlesssdivthanthepast,andsurelywillmakethefuturemoredisturbedstill,thereisgoodreasontohopethatourlives,insumandonaverage,willbebetterasaresult.Inanageofuncomfordiv(7)ch____,thisisreassurance(保证)weallcanuse.Foranideaofwhatistocome—inmagnitudeifnotin(8)sp____—looktothepast.Inthelastninetyyears,theworldhasshrunk,whilehumanexperiencehasadvancedalmostbeyondtherecognitionofthesewhogrewupinourgrandparent’sgeneration.AcenturyafterAmerica’s(9)____(found)conceivedtheiragrarian(耕地的)democracy,nearlyalltheirdescendentsstilllivedonfanning.SinceWorldWarI,technologyhasexdivactedusfrombehindhorse-drawnplowsandpluggedusinto(10)as____linesandoffices.Todayitisremovingmanyofusfromofficesandlettingusworkathomeorforcingustoworkontheroad.参考答案：1.so本句译文：在这本书里，我们将检查几个关键领域的一些最新进展，并且在某种程度上预测它们在未来的15年左右将把我们带向何处。orso大约，左右。2.dominantdominant支配的；占优势的。本句译文：技术是我们这个时代、或许包括未来所有时间的支配力量。3.that考查so+adj./adv.+that句型。。本句译文：它变化得如此之快，以至于没有科学家或工程师能紧跟上他自己的研究领域。更不用说总体的科技。4.asas做连词，“像……一样”。本句译文：我们生活在科技中，就像鱼生活在水里，我们只不过在预测技术未来的细节变化上有更大一点的可能性。5.forecastingforecast与后面的“itsfuturechanges”语义上搭配。6.though弄清此长句的主句是“thereisgoodreason…”。前半句表示“现在更不稳定”，后半句表示“生活因此更好”，所以两句之间应为转折关系，填though。7.challengeschallenges挑战。本句译文：在这个充满不安挑战的年代，这是我们都能依靠的保证。8.specificsspecifics详情，细节(particulardetails)。本句译文：要解答将来会出现什么——重大的还是点滴的——的问题，请回顾过去。9.foundersfounders(创建者)与后面的descendents(后代)搭配。本句译文：在美利坚创建者构思耕地民主化后的一个世纪里，几乎他们所有的后代子孙仍以耕地维持生计。10.assemblyassemblyline装配线。[问答题]12.AccordingtoagroupcalledtheVoicesFoundation,everyonehasasingingvoiceaswellasa(1)____(speak)voicesomewhereinsidethem.This,theysay,shouldbe(2)enc____fromanearlyagebecauseitprovidesthebest,andthecheapest,basisonwhichtobuildanunderstandingofmusic.TheteachingsoftheHungarian(3)____(compose)ZoltanKodalyareresponsibleforthisidea.Heobservedthatsongscanbecomeakeypartoftherelationship(4)____amotherandherchildalmostfrombirth.Thisis(5)es____divueofdivaditionalsocieties,includingthoseofWestAfrica,wheresomesmallchildrenareabletosingliterally(6)hun____ofsongs,allofwhichhavebeenlearntbyheart.However,manymodernchildrenfirstcometoanunderstandingofmusic(7)____theylearntoplayaninsdivument,andalthoughsometeachingofthetheoryofmusicisusuallyapartofthis,theirrelationshipwiththemusiconthepageisoftenamechanicalone.The(8)____(believe)oftheVoicesFoundationisthatanaturalfeelingforrhythm,harmonyandmusicalsdivucture,theveryqualitiesweappreciateinthegreatestmusicians,canonlybeachievedthroughthe(9)____(explore)ofthemusicofthevoicefromthebeginningofaperson’slife.Thefoundationhas,therefore,setitselfthetaskofdevelopingasinging-cendivedmusicaleducation(10)pro____thatcouldbenefitjuniorpupilsallovertheworld.参考答案：1.speakingaswellas和…一样，连接两个并列结构，所以要用aspeakingvoice与asingingvoice相对应。speaking为现在分词形式作形容词用。2.encouraged句意：他们认为，thesingingvoice可以为建立对音乐的理解提供最好最省事的基础，因此从一开始就应该鼓励并提倡孩子发展他们的singingposerZoltanKodaly（高大宜）是匈牙利著名的作曲家、民族音乐学家及音乐教育家。composer（作曲家）作ZoltanKodaly的同位语，表明他的身份。Hungarian匈牙利的。4.betweentherelationshipbetween…and……和…之间的关系。between…and在…之间，固定搭配。5.especially从下文西非国家孩子与现代社会孩子在对音乐的了解方面所形成的鲜明对比中可以看出上文ZoltanKodaly提出的歌曲是母子之间关系的关键部分的观点在传统社会中尤其正确。especially尤其地，特别地。6.hundredshundredsof数百，几百。7.when此处为when引导的时间状语从句。8.belief此空作句子主语，且前面有定冠词修饰，所以要用believe的名词形式belief。9.exploration此空作beachievedthrough的宾语，并且从of所有格和定冠词the的使用中都可以看出此处应填名词形式。exploration探索，探究。10.program(me)program(me)规划，打算，节目。[问答题]13.Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious(1)____theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfoundatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerandfillsittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebuttendstodiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable;itmust(2)____bekeptinaclosedcontainer,asinthe(3)____ofaplanet’satmosphere.Thedistinctionwasaprominentfeatureofearlytheories(4)____(describe)thephasesofmatter.Inthenineteenthcentury,forexample,onetheorymaintainedthataliquidcouldbe“dissolved”inavaporwithoutlosingitsidenti