2023年职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容

2023年职称英语教材〔理工类〕完形填空新增内容第三篇：GermsonBanknotesPeopleindifferentcountriesusedifferenttypesof1

：yuaninChina，pesosinMexico,poundsintheUnitedKingdom，dollarsintheUnitedStates，AustraliaandNewZealand．Theymayuse2

currencies，butthesecountries，andprobablyallcountries，stillhaveonethingincommon：Germsonthebanknotes．Scientistshavebeenstudyingthegermsonmoneyforwellover100years．Attheturnofthe20th

3，someresearchersbegantosuspectthatgermslivingonmoneycouldspreadisease．Moststudiesofgermymoneyhavelookedatthegermsonthecurrency4

country．Inanewstudy，FrankVriesekoopandotherresearcherscomparedthegermpopulationsfoundonbillsofdifferent

5

．Vriesekoop

isamicrobiologistattheUniversityofBallaratinAustralia．Heledthestudy，whichcomparedthegermpopulationsfoundonmoney6

from10nations．Thescientistsstudied1,280banknotesintotal;allcamefromplaceswherepeoplebuyfood,likesupermarkets,streetvendorsandcafes,

7

thosebusinessesoftenrelyoncash.

Overall，theAustraliandollarshostedthefewestlivebacteria—nomorethan10persquarecentimeter．Chineseyuanhadthemost——about100persquarecentimeter．Mostofthegermsonmoneyprobablywouldnotcauseharm．Whatwecall“papermoney〞usuallyisn’tmadefrompaper．TheU．S．dollar，forexample，Inprintonfabricthatismostly

8

Differentcountriesmayusedifferent9

toprinttheirmoney．SomeofthecurrenciesstudiedbyVriesekoopandhis10

，suchastheAmericandollar，weremadefromcotton．Othersweremadefrompolymers．The

three11

withthelowestnumbersofbacteriawereallprintedonpolymers．TheyincludedtheAustraliandollar，theNewZealanddollarandsomeMexicanpesos．Theothercurrencieswereprintedonfabricmade12

of

cotton.Fewergermslivedonthepolymernotes.Thisconnectionsuggeststhat13

haveahardertimestayingaliveonpolymersurfaces.Scientistsneedtodomorestudiestounderstandhowgermsliveonmoney—andwhetherornotweneedtobeconcerned．Vriesekoopisnowstartingastudythatwill14

theamountsoftimebacteriacanstayaliveondifferenttypesofbills．WhateverVriesekoopfinds，thefactremains：Papermoneyharborsgerms．Weshouldwashour15

aftertouchingitafterall,youneverknowwhereyourmoney’sbeen．Orwhat’slivingonit．第十篇

ChickenSoupfortheSoul：ComfortFoodFightsLonelinessMashedpotatoes，macaroniandcheese，maybebadforyourarteries．1

accordingtoastudyinPsychologicalScience，they’regoodforyourheartand2

．Thestudyfocuseson“comfortfood〞andhowitmakespeoplefeel．“Forme

3

，foodhasalwaysplayedabigroleinmyfamily，〞saysJordanTroisi,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofBuffalo，andleadauthoronthestudy．Thestudycameoutoftheresearchprogramofhisco—authorShiraGabriel．Ithas

4

non-humanthingsthat

mayaffecthumanemotions．Somepeoplereducelonelinessbybondingwiththeir5

TV

show，buildingvirtualrelationshipswithapopsongsingerorlookingatpicturesoflovedones．TroisiandGabrielwonderedifcomfortfoodcouldhavethesameeffect

6

makingpeoplethinkoftheirnearestanddearest.

Inoneexperiment，inordertomake

7

feellonely，theresearchershadthemwriteforsixminutesaboutafightwithsomeoneclosetothem．Othersweregivenanemotionallyneutral

writingassignment．Then，somepeopleineach

8

wroteabouttheexperienceofeatingacomfortfoodandotherswroteabouteatinganewfood．9

，theresearchershad

participants10

questionsabouttheirlevelsofloneliness．Writingaboutafightwithaclosepersonmadepeoplefeellonely．Butpeoplewhoweregenerally11

intheirrelationshipswouldfeellesslonelybywritingaboutacomfortfood．“Wehavefoundthatcomfortfoodsareconsistentlyassociatedwiththoseclosetous．〞saysTroisi．“Thinkingaboutorconsumingthesefoodslaterthenservesasareminderofthosecloseothers．〞In

12

essaysoncomfortfood，manypeoplewroteaboutthe13

ofeatingfoodwithfamilyandfriends．

In

anotherexperiment，14

chickensoupinthelabmadepeoplethinkmoreaboutrelationships，butonlyiftheyconsideredchickensouptobeacomfortfood．Thiswasaquestiontheyhadbeenaskedlongbeforetheexperiment，alongwithmanyotherquestions,sotheywouldn’trememberit．

Throughouteveryone’sdailylivestheyexperiencestress，oftenassociatedwithour15withothers，“Troisisays．〞ComfortfoodCanbeaneasyremedyforloneliness．练习：1．A

but

Bif

Cthough

Dwhile2．A

personality

Bmovement

Cemotions

D

will3．A

privately

Busefully

Cawfully

Dpersonally4．A

lookedfor

Blookedat

C

lookedafter

D

lookedup5．A

favorite

Btrustful

Cboring

Dannoying6．A

with

Bon

Cby

Dat7．A

professors

Bparticipants

Cassistants

D

scientists8．A

group

Bclass

CsectionDpart9．A

Previously

BFormally

CInitially

DFinally10．A

remember

Bexplain

C

rewrite

D

complete11．A

sad

Bsecure

Cshy

Dangry12．A

your

Bour

Chis

Dtheir13．A

accident

Bharm

Cexperience

D

model14．A

eating

Bexchanging

Cbuying

Dkeepingl5．A

expressions

Bestimation

CcooperationD

connections第十一篇

ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities

Anewexamlnationofurbanpolicieshasbeen1

recentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao．Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand

2development．Shewarnsthatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries．willlikelysufferfromtheimpactsofchangingclimate．Herworkasoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto3

emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse

4

．These

gasesareknowntoaffecttheatmosphere．“Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld，〞saysRomeroLankao．“Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffective

strategiesto

5

theirresidents."Citiesare6

sourcesofgreenhousegases．Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange．Lankao’sfindings

highlightwaysinwhichcity-residentsareparticularlyvulnerable，andsuggestpolicyinterventionsthatcouldofferimmediateandlonger-term7

．Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatternsofcitiesoftenplacetheirpopulatlonsatgreaterriskfornaturaldisasters．Potential

8

associatedwithclimateincludestormsurgesand

prolongedhotweather．Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhotweathecanheat

9

pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas．Theimpactsofsuchnaturaleventscanbemoreseriousinanurbanenvironment．Forexample，aprolongedheatwavecanincreaseexistinglevelsofairpollution，causing

widespreadhealthproblems．Poorerneighborhoodsthat

may10

basicfacilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads，areespeciallyvnlnerabletonaturaldisasters．Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandardhousing11

accesstoreliabledrinkingwater，roadsandbasicservices.

Localgovernments，12

，shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheirresidents.“Unfortunately，theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric13

meaningfulresponses，RomeroLankaowrites．“Theydon’timposeconstructionstandardsthatcouldreduceheatingandairconditioningneeds．Theydon'temphasizemasstransitandreduce

14

use.lnfact，manylocal

governments

aretaking

ahands—off

approach．〞Thus，sheurgesthemto

change

tneir

15

policiesandtotakestrongstepstopreventtheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.

1．Acarryalong

Bcarriedaway

Ccarriedout

Dcarriedback

2．Aeconomic

Bindustrial

C

rural

Durban

3．Areduce

Bincrease

Cstudy

Dmeasure4．Acrops

Bgases

Cfruits

DPlant5

5．Aeducate

Bevaluate

Cprotect

Didentify

6．Adoubtful

Bpossible

Crepeatable

Dmajor

7．Auses

Bchances

Ccures

Dbenefits

8．Athreats

Binterests

Cfunctions

Ddifferences

9．Alocally

Bheavily

Csuddenly

Dmildly

l0．Aprovide

Bimprove

Clack

Dupdate11．Awithout

Bwith

Cin

Don12．A

moreover

Btherefore

Chowever

Dthough13．Aotherthan

Bmorethan

Clessthan

Dratherthan14．Atrain

B

automobile

C

bus

D

bike15．Aidle

Bsmart

Cbusy

Dsecure第十二篇

FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRiskFastfoodoutletscouldprovidestatindrugsfreeof1

sothatcustomerscanreducetheheartdiseasedangersoffattyfood，researchersatImperialCollegeLondon2

inanewstudy．Statinsreducethe3

ofunhealthy“LDL〞cholesterolintheblood．Awealthoftrialdatahasproventhemtobehighlyeffectiveatloweringaperson’sheartattack

4

．InapaperpublishedintheAmericanJournalofCardiology，DrDarrelFrancisandcolleaguescalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis5tooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom

6

acheeseburgeranddrinkingamilkshake．DrFrancis，fromtheNationalHeartandLungInstituteatImperialCollegeLondon，whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy，said：“Statinsdon’tcutouta11ofthe7

effectsofcheeseburgersandFrenchfries．It’sbettertoavoidfattyfoodaltogether．Butwe’veworkedoutthatintermsofyour

8

ofhavingaheartattack，takingastatincanreduceyourrisktomoreorlessthesame9

asafastfoodmealincreasesit．〞

“It’sironicthatpeoplearefreetotakeasmanyunhealthvcondimentsinfastfoodoutletsasthey10

，butstatins，whicharebeneficialtohearthealth,havetobeprescribed．Itmakessensetomakerisk-reducingstatinsavailablejustaseasilyastheunhealthycondimentsthatarel1

freeofcharge．Itwouldcostlessthan5penceper

12

一notmuchdifferenttoasachetofsugar。〞DrFrancissaid．Whenpeopleengageinriskybehaviourslikedrivingorsmoking，they’reencouragedtotake13

thatlowertheirrisk,1ike14

aseatbeltorchoosingcigaretteswithfilters．Takingastatinisarationalwayof

15

someoftherisksofeatingafattymeal．练习：1．Achange

Bcharge

CchainDchance2．Atrust

Bdecide

C

suggestD

calculate3．A

number

B

amount

C

volumeDproduct4．A

frequency

Btreatment

CdiagnosisD

risk5．Asevere

B

enough

CweakDactive6．Abuying

Bpreparing

Ceating

Dcooking7．A

unhealthy

B

strong

CdifferentDdoubtful8．A

examination

B

suffering

CdeterminationDpossobility9．Adegree

Bdimension

CangleDrange10．Ause

Bhate

CrejectDlike11．Atransported

Bprovided

CpreservedD

convened12．A

cook

Bpatient

C

customerD

visitor13．A

measures

B

care

C

advantagesDturns14．Abuying

Bwearing

CcleaningDchanging15．Aincreasing

B

finding

CloweringDtaking第十三篇

SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells

AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichiganresearcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean

“optical1

，〞saidStephenRand，aprofessorinthedepartmentsof

ElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience，PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.Lighthaselectricandmagneticcomponents．Untilnow，scientiststhoughtthe

2

ofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbeignored．WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity，whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnotconductelectricity．thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthan3

expected．4

thesecircumstances，themagneticeffectsdevelopstrengthequivalenttoastrongelectriceffect．

“ThiscouIdleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation，〞Randsaid．“Insolarcells，the5

goesintoamaterial，getsabsorbedandcreatesheat．Here,weexpecttohaveaverylowheatload．Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed，energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment．Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower6

.〞

Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandof“opticalrectification,〞saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudent

inappliedphysics．Intraditionalopticalrectification，light’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation，orapulling7

ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial．Thissetsupavoltage，similarto8

inabattery．

RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials，thelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification．Thelightmustbeshonethrougha9

thatdoesnot

10

electricity，suchasglass．Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter．Sunlightisn’tthisintenseonitsown，butnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensities，Fishersaid.“Inourmostrecentpaper，weshowthatincoherentlightlikesunlightistheoreticallyalmostas

1l

inproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightis，〞Fishersaid.

Thisnew12

couldmakesolarpowercheaper，theresearcherssay．Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiency

13

solarpowertouseableenergy．That’sequivalenttotoday’scommercial-gradesolarcells.

“To

manufacture14

solarcells，youhavetodoextensivesemiconductorprocessing．〞Fishersaid．“A11wewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor15

．It’salreadymadeinbulk，anditdoesn’trequireasmuchprocessing．"Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter．〞

练习：l．A

microscope

B

instrument

C

fiber

Dbattery

2．Amodifications

Beffects

Capplications

Dresults

3．Afrequently

Bprivately

Cpreviously

Dformally4．AUnder

BAt

COn

DOver

5．Alight

Belectricity

Cchemical

Dmagnetism6．Aplant

Bequipment

Csource

Dline

7．Adown

Bup

Ctogether

Dapart

8．Athis

Bthat

CthoseDit9．Amaterial

Blens

Cmeter

Ddetectorl0．Aproduce

Bconvey

Cuse

Dconduct11．Aremote

Bpoor

Ceffective

Drare

12．Aprototype

B

skill

Ctechnique

Dmiracle

13．Aconverting

Bobtaining

Cdelivering

Dtransmitting14．A

compact

B

modern

CdurableDhandy15．Aothers

Bsome

CallDboth第十五篇

“Liquefaction〞KeytoMuchofJapaneseEarthquakeDamage

ThemassivesubductionzoneearthquakeinJapancausedasignificant1evelofsoil“liquefaction〞thathassurprisedresearcherswithits

1

severity,anewanalysisshows．“We’veseenlocalizedexamplesofsoilliquefactionasextremeasthisbefore，butthedistanceand

2

ofdamageinJapanwereunusuallysevere，〞saidScottAshford，aprofessorofgeotechnicalengineeringatOregonStateUniversity．“Entirestructuresweretiltedandsinkingintothesediments．〞Ashfordsaid．“Theshiftsinsoildestroyedwater，drainandgaspipelines，cripplingtheutilitiesandinfrastructurethesecommunitiesneedto3

．Wesawsomeplacesthatsankasmuchasfourfeet．〞Somedegreeofsoilliquefaction

iscommoninalmostanymajorearthquake．It’s

aphenomenoninwhichsoilssoakedwithwater,particularlyrecentsedimentsorsand，canlosemuchoftheir4

andflowduringanearthquake．Thiscanallowstructurestoshiftorsinkor5

.Butmostearthquakesaremuch

6

thantherecenteventinJapan，Ashfordsaid．ThelengthoftheJapaneseearthquake，asmuchasfiveminutes，mayforceresearcherstoreconsidertheextentofliquefactiondamagepossiblyoccurringinsituationssuchasthis．“Withsuchalong-lastingearthquake，wesaw

7

structuresthatmighthavebeenokayafter30secondsjustcontinuedtosinkandtiltastheshakingcontinuedforseveralmoreminutes，〞hesaid．“Anditwascleathyoungersediments，andespeciallyareasbuilton

8

filledground，aremuchmorevulnerable．〞ThedataprovidedbyanalyzingtheJapaneseearthquake，researcherssaid，shouldmakeitpossibletoimprovetheunderstandingofthissoil9

andbetterprepareforitinthefuture．Ashfordsaiditwascriticalfortheteamtocollecttheinformationquickly，10

damagewasremovedintherecoveryefforts．

“There’snodoubt