浪漫主义时期历史背景及诗人简介

浪漫主义时期历史背景及诗人简介浪漫主义时期历史背景及诗人简介浪漫主义时期历史背景及诗人简介浪漫主义时期历史背景及诗人简介编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:浪漫主义时期（1798-1832）历史背景：Politicalandsocialfactors:1.TheAmericanandFrenchrevolution:anupsurgeofnationalliberationanddemocraticmovements

Americanrevolution(1775-1783)—TheformationoftheindependentUnitedStates.

Frenchrevolutionof1789—“Liberty,equalityandfraternity”2.TheIndustrialRevolution

Effect：1.Oneofthemaineffectsoftherapidandvasteconomicchangeswastheurbanizationofthegrowingpopulation.2.Theconditionsoftheworkingpoorinthecitieswasintolerable.3.Therewerechildrenworkingindark,dangerousfactories.4.Theworkingclassesandthepoorlivedinpolluted,congestedslums.Massepidemicsliketyphoidfeverafflictedtheslums.Theromantics,theliberals,thesocialists,theanarchistsandthecommunistsallemergedwiththeirideologiesatthispointinhistorytocriticizetheseman-madehorrors.

3.TheLudditemovement

（工人运动）思想文化背景:Rousseau卢梭(page2)—thefatherofromanticism

—Torelyonfeelings,tofollowtheinstinctsandemotions.

—Returntonature。EdmundBurke埃德蒙

伯克(Page2)

—ReflectionontheRevolutioninFrance(1790)《法国革命感想》ThomasPaine托马斯

潘恩(page3)

—RightsofMan(1791)浪漫主义简介：Itwasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheapproximateperiodfrom1800to1850.PartlyareactiontotheIndustrialRevolution,itwasalsoarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsofthe

AgeofEnlightenment

andareactionagainstthescientific

rationalization

ofnature.

Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography,

educationandthe

naturalsciences.

Itseffectonpoliticswasconsiderableandcomplex;whileformuchofthepeakRomanticperioditwasassociatedwith

liberalism

andradicalism,inthelongtermitseffectonthegrowthof

nationalismwasprobablymoresignificant.ThetermwasusedinGermanyandFranceattheendof18thandbeginningof19thCtoclassifyanewmovementinliterature,especiallyinpoetry.浪漫主义时期代表人物共同特征：(1)Theycultivatedimaginativefreedom,thoughinveryvariousways,andthisencouragedthemtouseavarietyofsometimesveryloosepoeticforms.(2)Eachofthemtendedtoexpressthefeelingsofmaninsolitudeasopposedtothoseofmaninsociety.(3)Theysharedatendencytobe"inwardturning"ratherthanoutward-looking.(4)All,exceptperhapsBlake,respondedvividlytonatureandthenaturalanduncivilizedwayoflife..(5)Theytendedtouselanguagewithmorefreedomandinformationthanthe18thCpoets,andemphasizetheneedforspontaneityinthoughtandactionandintheexpressionofthought.(6)Theywereall,butindifferentways,profoundlyaffectedbythegreathistoricalfactoftheFrenchRevolution,andbyitsvariousimmediateconsequences,especiallythecareerofNapoleon;Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridgebeganaswarmrevolutionarysympathizers,buttheNapoleonicwarscausedBlaketowithdrawandturnedtheothertwointoconvincedconservatives.(7)Allofthemexaltedtheindividualgenius.Generalcharacteristicfeaturesoftheromanticmovement（）1.

Subjectivism2.

Spontaneity3.

Singularity4.

Simplicity:everydaylanguagespokenbytherusticpeople5.

Adominatingnoteofmelancholy6.

Afreerverseform浪漫主义诗人派别:Lakepoet—thepassiveorescapistromanticists:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey—detestingtherealworld,escapingfromthereality.Activeorradicalromanticists:Byron,Shelley,Keats—strivingtostrengthenman’swilltoliveandraisehimupagainstthedarknessintheworld.Principlesofpoetry1Subjects:1).Thegreatsubjectsofpoetryare“essentialpassionsoftheheart”and“thegreatandsimpleaffections.”(PrefacetoLyricalBallads(2nded.)).2).Incidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife2.Sourceofpoetry:feelings1).“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”2).Emotionrecollectedintranquility3.Language:“reallanguageofmeninastateofvividsensation”(nopoeticdiction)诗人简介：1．WilliamWordsworth：早期经历：BothparentshaddiedbythetimeWordsworthwas13JohnWordsworth,hisfather,wasveryeducatedandliberalandencouragedhischildrentobethesameWordsworth’shometownwasinthebeautifulLakeDistrictpromptinghisearlyloveandappreciationofnature,alongwithimagination自然和妹妹的影响：BelievedallindividualshavepotentialtoreachatranscendentalunderstandingofnaturethroughhisorherrelationshipwithnatureBelievednaturewasthegluethatbindseverythingtogetherDorothy,Wordsworth’ssister,wasveryimportanttohimSheexperiencednatureatanearlyageandherthoughtsandimpressionsinfluencedWordsworth.SamuelTaylorColeridge:Englishpoet,literarycriticandphilosopher;afounderoftheRomanticMovementinEngland(withhisfriendWilliamWordsworth);amemberoftheLakePoets.Hecoinedmanyfamiliarwordsandphrases,includingthecelebratedsuspensionofdisbelief.HewasamajorinfluenceonEmerson,andAmericantranscendentalism.GeorgeGordonByronPersonalImage:aleaderoftheera'spoeticrevolution,henamedAlexanderPopeashismaster;aworshiperoftheideal,heneverlosttouchwithreality;adeistandfreethinker,heretainedfromhisyouthaCalvinistsenseoforiginalsin;apeeroftherealm,hechampionedlibertyinhisworksanddeeds,givingmoney,time,energy,andfinallyhislifetotheGreekwarofindependenceWritingforms：satire,versenarrative,ode,lyric,speculativedrama,historicaltragedy,confessionalpoetry,dramaticmonologue,seriocomicepic,andvoluminouscorrespondence,writteninSpenserianstanzas,heroiccouplets,blankverse,terzarima,ottavarima,andvigorousproseterzarima三行诗节押韵法（象旦丁《神曲》中所用的诗体，三行为一节，每节的第二行与下一节的第一、三行押韵）ottavarima（意）八行体（一种诗体，每行十或十一个音节，前六行交替押韵，后两行另成一组同脚韵）拜伦式英雄：Definition：Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishpoetry.Suchaheroisaproud,rebelliousfigureofnobleorigin.Passionateandpowerful,heistorightallthewrongsinacorruptsociety,andhewouldfightsingle-handedlyagainstallthemisdoings.Thusthisfigureisarebelliousindividualagainstoutwornsocialsystemsandconventions.TheByronicherofirstappearsinByron'ssemi-autobiographicalepicnarrativepoemChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812–1818).Characteristics：TheByronicherotypicallyexhibitsseveralofthefollowingtraits:ArrogantCunningandabletoadaptCynicalDisrespectfulofrankandprivilegeEmotionallyconflicted,bipolar,ormoodyHavingadistasteforsocialinstitutionsandnormsHavingatroubledpastorsufferingfromanunnamedcrimeIntelligentandperceptivePercyByssheShelleyShelleyisoneoftheleadingRomanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.Hehasareputationasadifficultpoet:erudite(learned),complex(difficult),fullofclassicalandmythologicalallusions.Hisstyleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.Shelleylovedthepeopleandhatedtheiroppressorsandexploiters.Hecalledonthepeopletooverthrowtheruleoftyrannyandinjusticeandprophesiedahappyandfreelifeformankind.Hestoodforthissocialandpoliticalidealallhislife.HeandByronareregardedasthetwogreatpoetsoftheyoungergenerationinEnglishRomanticism.JohnKeatsMajorfeaturesofKeats’poetryCharacterizedbyexactandclosely-knitconstruction,emotionaldescriptions,andbyforceofimagination,givestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.Alwayssensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery.Majorsubjects:love&beauty,suffering&death.Hisartisticaimistocreateabeautifulworldofimaginationasopposedtothemiserablerealityofhisday.Hisleadingprincipleis“Beautyistruth,truthisbeauty.”CharlesLambLiteraturecareer：LamblivedunderthepoeticshadowofhisfriendColeridge.Inthefinalyearsofthe18thcenturyLambbegantoworkonprosewiththenovellaentitledRosamundGray,astoryofayounggirlwhowasthoughttobeinspiredbyAnnSimmonds,withwhomCharlesLambwasthoughttobeinlove.AlthoughthestoryisnotparticularlysuccessfulasanarrativebecauseofLamb'spoorsenseofplot,itwaswellthoughtofbyLamb'scontemporariesandledShelleytoobserve“whatalovelythingisRosamundGray!Howmuchknowledgeofthesweetestpartofournatureinit!”Inthefirstyearsofthe19thcenturyLambbeganhisfruitfulliterarycooperationwithhissisterMary.TogethertheywroteatleastthreebooksforWilliamGodwin’sJuvenileLibrary.ThemostsuccessfulofthesewasofcourseTalesFromShakesp