新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解-Unit3

新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解_Unit3新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解_Unit3新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解_Unit3新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解_Unit3编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:新视野三版读写B2U3TextAJourneythroughtheodysseyyears1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild'sneedtolearn,theadult'sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior'sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.2Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.3Inprevioustimes,peopledidn'thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.Thenduringthiscareertheywouldstartafamily,idealybeforetheyturned30.4Todaywehaveanequivalentneedtorecognizeanewphaseoflifethatcomesafterhighschoolgraduation,continuesthroughcollege,andthenleadstostartingafamilyandhavingacareer,theso-caledodysseyyears.Recenttrends show radical changes as young people are folowing adifferentagenda.Theytakebreaksfromschool,livewithfriendsandoftenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.Similarly,theyfallinandoutoflove,quitonejobandtryanotherorevenshifttoanewcareer.So,weneedtorecognizethisnewstage,theodysseyyears,whichmanynowconsidertobeanunavoidablestageinreachingadulthood.5Peoplewhowerebornpriortothe60sor70sinthelastcenturytendedtoframetheirconceptofadulthoodbaseduponachievingcertainaccomplishments:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinancialyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamily.Butthatemphasisonstabilitydidnotremainstatic.Today,youngpeopleareunlikelytodothesame.Duringtheodysseyyears,ahighproportionofyoungpeoplearedelayingmarriage,childbearing,andevenemployment.6Theodysseyyearscansaddleyoungpeoplewithenormouspressuretomoveforwardquickly.Asthesoleheirandfocusoftheirparents'expectations,hopesanddreams,somereactwithrebelliousandpridefulattitudesandbehaviortowardtheirparents.Theyoftenresentthepressurethey'refeelingandkeepadistancefromtheirparentsorevenrunawayfromhome.Theirconfusioncomesfromthedifficultiestomakeparentsunderstandthemandthefluidjourneyofdiscoverytheyneedinthisphaseoftheirlives.Togetawayfromthisconfusionandupset,manyyoungpeopleresorttocomputergames,iPods,iPhones,oriPads,tohelpdistractthemfromtheirpainandstress.7 Likewise, their parents are feeling more anxious. They maymakeallowancesforatransitionphasefromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheygetupsetwhentheyseethetransitionoftheirgrownchildren'slivesmovingawayfromtheirexpectationsandstretchingfiveyearstosevenyears,andbeyond.Theparentsdon'tevendetectaclearsenseofdirectionintheirchildren'slives.Theylookatthemandseethethingsthatarebeingdelayed.8It'shardtopredictwhat'snext.Newguidelineshaven'tbeenestablishedyet,andeverythingseemstogivewaytoalesspermanentversionofitself.There'sbeenashiftinthestatusandbalanceofpowerbetweenthegenders,too.Morewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.Malewageshaveremainedstableoverthepastdecades,whilefemalewageshaveboomed.9 Apartfromanythingelse,thishashadanimpliciteffectoncourtship.Educatedwomencangetmanyofthethingstheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishment,andidentitywithoutmarriage.However,bothgendersarehavingahardertimefindingsuitablematestobuildtheirliveswith.Consideringallofthis,it'sbeneficialtoknowthateventhoughgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillholdhighlytraditionalaspirations.Forexample,thiscontemporarygenerationratesparenthoodevenmorehighlythanpreviousgenerationsdid!10 Thisnewphasewilllikelygrowmorepronouncedinthecomingyears.Nationsaroundtheworldhavewitnessedsimilartrendstowarddelayingmarriageandspendingmoreyearsthanevershiftingbetweenhighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.11Nevertheless,graduatesshouldn'tbedeceivedintothinkingtheycanbackoffsimplybecausethingshavebecomemoredifficult.Alargenumberofpeoplechasingrelativelyfeweropportunitiescancreatestrongcompetitivepressure.So,fromtheoutset,keepyourresumeprofessionalandup-to-date.12Toreinforcethisessentialmessage,successmovingthroughtheodysseyyearswillcometothosewhodon'texpecttoachievetheirgoalsrightawaybutknowthattheymusthavethestrength,capacityandconfidencetoendureoverthelongterm.Ifyou'realittlelatewithyourgoals,don'tfeellikeafailure!Staystrong,bepositive,andkeepfocused!Somedayyouwilllookbackandwonderatthevastchangesasyoupassedthroughtheodysseyyears.LanguagePoints:1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.(Para.1)Meaning:Mostofusknowaboutthedifferentlifestagesthatwedescribeaccordingtodifferentagegroups:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.2Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.(Para.1)Meaning:Wesequencethelifestagesofinfancy,childhood,middleageandoldageaccordingtotheirnaturalorder,witheachparticularlifestagefacingitsownfeaturedchallenges.Sentencestructurenote:“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”作独立主格结构“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”构成独立主格结构，主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。with之后的名词和其后的现在分词构成主谓关系，其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。例如：*Shesatdownatthetable,witheachdishemittingadelicioussmell. 她在餐桌旁坐了下来，每道菜都散发出扑鼻的香味。（状语表示伴随）*Thegirlsattherequitesilentwithhereyesfixingonthewall. 女孩坐在那里一言不发，目不转睛地盯着墙壁。（状语表示方式）*Withourfoodrunningout,wehadtowalktoavilageforhelp. 由于我们的食物即将吃完，我们不得不步行到一个村子寻求帮助。（状语表示原因）*Withsummercoming,itisbecominghotterandhotter. 随着夏季来临，天气变得越来越热。（状语表示时间）Usagenote:peculiar,characteristic,unusualpeculiar,characteristic和unusual都可用作形容词，都含有表示“有特点的；有特色的”等意思，但有细微差别。*1从词义上说，peculiar着重“独特性”，强调“与众不同的”特征；characteristic常强调所指性质的典型性,也可以表示这些性质使某一事物区别于其他的事物；unusual强调“少见的”，与通常的情况“截然不同的”或“未曾预料的”特征。例如：*Thewinehasapeculiartaste. 这种酒有种独特的味道。*It’scharacteristicofherthatshenevercomplained. 从来不发牢骚是她的个性。*Itwasnotunusualformetocomehomeattwoorthreeinthemorning. 凌晨两三点回家对我来说是很平常的事。2从用法上说，peculiar通常和介词to搭配，表示“为某人或某物所特有”；characteristic通常和介词of搭配，表示“某物或某人有…特性、特征、特色”；unusual通常和介词for搭配，表示“对…不同寻常”。例如：*Greatmindsingenerallookatlifeinawaypeculiartothemselves. 一般来说，伟大的思想家都以自己独特的眼光来看待生活。Withthefriendlyandgenerouscaresocharacteristicofthesepeople,theyopenedtheirhousetoover50guests. 这些人以特有的友好和慷慨关爱，在家接待了50多位客人。It’snotunusualforteenagerstogothroughaphasewhentheyfeelashamedoftheirparents,afraidthattheymightnotliveuptotheirfriends’standards. 青少年经历为自己的父母感到羞愧的阶段是很平常的，他们生怕自己的父母达不到他们朋友所设的标准。Heaskedmeiftherewasanythingunusualaboutthemanwhohadrobbedme,butIcouldn'taccuratelydescribetheman. 他问我那个抢劫了我的男人是否有什么不寻常之处，但我不能准确地描述那个男子。3Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild’sneedtolearn,theadult’sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior’sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.(Para.1)Meaning:Byfamiliarizingourselveswiththeparticularchallengessuchastheneedsfordifferentagegroups:child,adult,andsenior,wecansurelyovercomeallthesechallenges.Meaningbeyondwords:Ifwestaypositiveandoptimistic,we’lsuccessfulyhandlethechallengesatdifferentlifestages.4Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Sincethesentencestatesthattheideasaboutlifestagesarechanging,it’spredictablethatthefolowingtextwillfocusonthistopic.5Inprevioustimes,peopledidn’thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.(Para.3)Meaning:Inthepast,peopledidn’thaveaclearconceptaboutseparatingchildhoodfromadulthood.Childrenweresimplyseenasyoungsters.Likewise,peopledidn’tthinkaboutthelifestageofadolescenceahundredyearsago.6Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.(Para.3)Meaning:Peopleusedtoconsideritnormal:Assoonasstudentsgraduatedfromcollege,theywouldbecomepartoftheadultcommunityandfindapracticalandreliablejobtowardacareer.Meaningbeyondwords:Thingsarenolongerthesameastheywereinthepast.Collegegraduateswon’tfindanidealjobrightaftertheygraduatefromschool.It’ltakelongertimebeforetheystartwiththeircareer.Usagenote:sensible,sensitive1.sensible表示“明智的”，如：asensibleperson（一个明智的人），asensibleplan（一个切合实际的计划）。Asensiblepersonmakesgooddecisionsandadjustmentsbasedonreasonratherthanemotion. 一个明智的人会根据理智而不是情感来做出合理的决定和判断。*sensible还可以表示“知道的；觉察的”，besensibleof… 表示“感知某事；察觉到某事”。例如：*Iamsensibleofthesufferingyouareundergoing. 我清楚你正在经历的痛苦。2.sensitive在词义上表示“敏感的；易受影响的”。例如：*Asensitivepersoniseasilyupsetbyotherpeople’sremarksorbehavior. 敏感的人很容易因他人的言论或行为而生气。*Youshouldn’tbesosensitiveaboutwhatpeoplesay. 你不应该对别人说什么如此敏感。*sensitiveto 表示“对…过敏的；对…理解的”。例如：Unfortunately,sheissensitivetopenicillin,andIdoubtwhetheranyotherdrugwillhelpher.不幸的是，她对青霉素过敏，我不能确定是否有其他药物可以帮助她。We’retryingtomakepeoplemoresensitivetothedifficultiesfacedbyworkingmothers.我们正在努力使人们更理解上班族妈妈所面临的困难。7Thenduringthiscareertheywouldstartafamily,ideallybeforetheyturned30.(Para.3)Meaning:Whileworkingontheircareer,theywouldgetmarriedtostarttheirownfamily,preferablybyage30.8Todaywehaveanequivalentneedtorecognizeanewphaseoflifethatcomesafterhighschoolgraduation,continuesthroughcollege,andthenleadstostartingafamilyandhavingacareer,theso-calledodysseyyears.(Para.4)Meaning:Todaywearealsorequiredtorecognizeanewlifestagewhichstartsfromhighschoolgraduationthroughcolegetilltheysettledownwithafamilyandacareer.Thisnewphasemightbecaledtheodysseyyears,theyearsofself-discovery.9Recenttrendsshowradicalchangesasyoungpeoplearefollowingadifferentagenda.(Para.4)Meaning:Asyoungpeoplearelivingadifferentlifestyle,thesocietyhasgonethroughtremendouschanges.Meaningbeyondwords:Youngpeopletendtobehaverebeliously,whichiscontrarytothetraditionalwayandbeyondtheexpectationsoftheirparents.10Theytakebreaksfromschool,livewithfriendsandoftenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.(Para.4)Meaning:Theystopgoingtoschoolforawhile,livewithfriendsandoftenevenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.Meaningbeyondwords:Theyobviouslyhavemorefreedomthantheoldergeneration.*takeabreakfrom:restforashortperiodoftimewhenyoustopdoingsth.中断；暂停Shetookabreakfromherworktomakeherselfsomecoffeeandthenresumedafewminuteslater. 她暂停了一会儿工作，给自己泡了一点咖啡，然后几分钟后继续工作。11Similarly,theyfallinandoutoflove,quitonejobandtryanotherorevenshifttoanewcareer.(Para.4)Meaning:Likewise,theyfalinandoutoflove,giveuponejobandtryanother,orchangetoacompletelydifferentprofession.Meaningbeyondwords:Beforetheyfinalysettledown,colegegraduatesneedtoaccumulatelifeexperiences–todiscoverthemselvesduringtheirodysseyyears.12So,weneedtorecognizethisnewstage,theodysseyyears,whichmanynowconsidertobeanunavoidablestageinreachingadulthood.(Para.4)Meaning:Therefore,itisnecessarytorecognizethisunavoidablenewstage,whereyoungpeopleexplorelifeinordertoreachadulthood.13Peoplewhowerebornpriortothe60sor70sinthelastcenturytendedtoframetheirconceptofadulthoodbaseduponachievingcertainaccomplishments:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinanciallyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamily.(Para.5)Meaning:Peoplebornbeforethe1960sor1970swerelikelytodefinethetermadulthoodaccordingtocertainaccomplishments,suchasmovingawayfromhome,havingfinancialindependence,andstartingafamilywithagoodhusbandorwife.*tendtodosth.:usu.doaparticularthing 倾向于；往往会；易于做某事*Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder. 随着年纪的增长，人们需要的睡眠会变少。Becausemycartendstooverheatinthesummer,IfrequentlyhavetoturnontheA/Ctohelptheenginecooldown. 因为我的车往往在夏天会过热，所以我得常将空调打开，以帮助引擎冷却。14Butthatemphasisonstabilitydidnotremainstatic.Today,youngpeopleareunlikelytodothesame.(Para.5)Meaning:However,stabilitydidn’tstaythesameforeversinceyoungpeopletodayaredoingthingsdifferentlyfromtheirparents.Meaningbeyondwords:Youngpeopletodayareunlikelytobehavethesamewayaswasatonetimeconsideredasthenorm:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinanciallyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamilyrightawayaftertheygraduatefromcollege.15Duringtheodysseyyears,ahighproportionofyoungpeoplearedelayingmarriage,childbearing,andevenemployment.(Para.5)Meaning:Manyyoungpeoplepostponegettingmarried,havingchildrenandtakingajobduringtheirodysseyyears.16Theodysseyyearscansaddleyoungpeoplewithenormouspressuretomoveforwardquickly.(Para.6)Meaning:Theodysseyyearscanmakeyoungpeoplefeelmuchstressedtomoveaheadquickly.17Asthesoleheirandfocusoftheirparents’expectations,hopesanddreams,somereactwithrebelliousandpridefulattitudesandbehaviortowardtheirparents.(Para.6)Meaning:Beingtheonlyheirandfocusoftheirparents’expectations,hopesanddreams,someyoungpeoplebehavedrebelliouslyandproudlytowardtheirparents.18Theyoftenresentthepressurethey’refeelingandkeepadistancefromtheirparentsorevenrunawayfromhome.(Para.6)Meaning:Theyoftenfeelupsetaboutthestresstheyhaveandstayawayfromtheirparentsorevensecretlyleavehome.19Theirconfusioncomesfromthedifficultiestomakeparentsunderstandthemandthefluidjourneyofdiscoverytheyneedinthisphaseoftheirlives.(Para.6)Meaning:Theygetconfusedbecauseit’shardtocommunicatewiththeirparentsandalsobecausethejourneyofself-discoverytheyneedinthisparticularlifestageisfullofuncertainty.Meaningbeyondwords:Inadditiontotheuncertaintyofthisnewlyaddedlifestage,thereisagenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren,whichcouldbefrustratingtoyoungpeople.20Togetawayfromthisconfusionandupset,manyyoungpeopleresorttocomputergames,iPod,iPhone,oriPadtohelpdistractthemfromtheirpainandstress.(Para.6)Meaning:Inordernottobebotheredbythisconfusionandfrustrationandtoforgetabouttheirpainandstress,manyyoungpeopleturntocomputergames,iPods,iPhonesoriPads.Meaningbeyondwords:Asyoungpeoplecan’tbearsuchbigstress,theytrytodosomethingwhichwillmakethemfeelbettertotemporallyenjoythemselvesandgetridoftheirparents.21Likewise,theirparentsarefeelingmoreanxious.(Para.7)Meaning:Theirparentsbecomemorerestlessaswell.Meaningbeyondwords:Astheirgrownchildrenwouldnotlistentotheiradvice,parentsaregettingmoreworriedaboutwhatdirectiontheirchildrenmaymoveto.22Theymaymakeallowancesforatransitionphasefromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheygetupsetwhentheyseethetransitionoftheirgrownchildren’slivesmovingawayfromtheirexpectationsandstretchingfiveyearstosevenyears,andbeyond.(Para.7)Meaning:Parentsmayaccepttheirgrownchildrentodelaythetransitionperiodfromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheyarefrustratedwhentheyfindtheirchildrenmovingawayfromwhattheyexpectedandwhentheyextendtheperiodtotoomanyyears.23Theparentsdon’tevendetectaclearsenseofdirectionintheirchildren’slives.Theylookatthemandseethethingsthatarebeingdelayed.(Para.7)Meaning:Theparentsevenlosetrackoftheirchildren’slives,sotheyjustlookatthemandseehowthethingsthatshouldbedonearebeingpostponed.Meaningbeyondwords:Parentsareveryworriedabouttheirgrownchildren’sfuturebutsimplydon’tknowwhattodotohelp.24It’shardtopredictwhat’snext.Newguidelineshaven’tbeenestablishedyet,andeverythingseemstogivewaytoalesspermanentversionofitself.(Para.8)Meaning:Itishardtosayinadvancewhatwillhappennext.Sincenonewsocialrulesorinstructionshavebeensetupyet,everythingseemstobetemporaryorunfixed.Usagenotepredict,anticipatepredict和anticipate都是动词，都含有“预言；预料”之意。1predict表示“预言；预料”之意时，往往是根据内心感受、经验、证据或迹象；anticipate表示“预期；预料”之意时，往往根据以往的经验、自己的向往、设想来推测。例如：Infact,noonecanpredictwhetherhisideawillendupwithagreatsuccessforourbusiness. 事实上，没人能预测他的想法是否最终会使我们的业务取得成功。*Ianticipatealotofinterestinmynewspaperadvertisement. 我预料我在报纸上登的广告会引起人们很大的兴趣。*Ipredictthisyear’sdroughttohaveadetrimentaleffect. 我预测今年的干旱有不利的影响。2.predict是及物动词，后可接名词词组或名词从句作宾语，后接动词不定式时常用于被动结构。例如：*Unemploymentispredictedtoincreaseto700,000bytheendoftheyear.预计失业人口到今年年底将增至70万。ProfessorMurray,whocreatesagraphoftheirconversations,believesitcouldeventuallybeusedtopredictthelikelihoodofdivorce. 默里教授根据他们的对话画出一幅曲线图,他相信这条曲线最终可以用来预测夫妻离婚的可能性。Forecasterswillbeabletopredictwheretheexpectedstormsurgeswillstrikeandhowbigtheywillbe. 预报员们将可预报风暴潮袭击的地点及其规模。anticipate是及物动词,一般接名词、动名词或名词从句作宾语,可用于被动结构；anticipate后不能跟动词不定式。例如：Agoodmanufacturermusttrytoanticipatewhathiscustomerswilwantanddecidewhatshallbeproduced. 一位优秀的制造商必须努力预料顾客需要什么，然后决定生产什么。Itisfarbetterforustoanticipatetheworstandgetoutofitbeforeithinderstheprogress.我们最好能事先预料到最坏的情况，并在它阻碍进程之前摆脱它。25There’sbeenashiftinthestatusandbalanceofpowerbetweenthegenders,womenaregettingdegreesthanmen.(Para.8)Meaning:There’salsobeenachangeinthesocialstatusandpowerbetweenmaleandfemale.Nowmorewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.26Malewageshaveremainedstableoverthepastdecades,whilefemalewageshaveboomed.(Para.8)Meaning:Malewageshaveremainedsteadyoverthepastdecades;incontrast,femalewageshavebeenontheincrease.27Apartfromanythingelse,thishashadanimpliciteffectoncourtship.Educatedwomencangetmanyofthethingstheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishment,andidentitywithoutmarriage.(Para.9)Meaning:Inadditiontoanythingelse,thedelayhasaffectedromanticrelationshipsinasubtleway.Unmarriedbuteducatedwomencanstilhavemanyofthethingsthattheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishmentandidentity.Meaningbeyondwords:Intermsofromanticrelationships,educatedwomencanalwaysgetmoreadvantagesthanmen.28However,bothgendersarehavingahardertimefindingsuitablematestobuildtheirliveswith.(Para.9)Meaning:However,ithasbecomedifficultforbothmalesandfemalestofindtheirappropriatepartnerswhomtheycanbuildtheirfuturewith.Meaningbeyondwords:Thedifficultyforbothgenderstofindasuitablespouseiscausedbythetransitionphase.29Consideringallofthis,it’sbeneficialtoknowthatevenifgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillholdhighlytraditionalaspirations.(Para.9)Meaning:Whenthinkingaboutallofthis,it’sgoodtoknowthatevenifgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercolege,surveysshowtheystilkeephighlytraditionaldesiresandgoals.30Forexample,thiscontemporarygenerationratesparenthoodevenmorehighlythanpreviousgenerationsdid!(Para.9)Meaning:Youngpeople,forinstance,thinkofparentingmoreimportantthanpreviousgenerationsdid.Meaningbeyondwords:Youngpeoplethinkthatthequalityoftheirownparents’parentingwasinadequateandtheirownparentingshouldbeofahigherquality.31Thisnewphasewilllikelygrowmorepronouncedinthecomingyears.(Para.10)Meaning:Thisnewphaseinthedevelopmentofyoungpeoplewillcontinuetospreadandgaineasierrecognitioninthenearfuture.32Nationsaroundtheworldhavewitnessedsimilartrendstowarddelayingmarriageandspendingmoreyearsthanevershiftingbetweenhighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.(Para.10)Meaning:Thewholeworldhasnoticedasimilartendency–grownchildrendelaymarriageandspendmoreyearsthangenerationsbeforethem,wanderingathighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.33Nevertheless,graduatesshouldn’tbedeceivedi