H3C路由学习笔记-静态路由

..H3C路由〔MSR26-301、进入系统视图Startupconfigurationfiledoesnotexist.Performingautomaticconfiguration...PressCTRL_Dtobreak.------------------------按Ctrl+D键终止设备查找自动配置Automaticconfigurationattempt:1.Notreadyforautomaticconfiguration:nointerfaceavailable.Waitingforthenext...Automaticconfigurationisaborted.-------按Ctrl+D键后放弃自动配置的尝试Lineaux0isavailable.PressENTERtogetstarted.---------------到这里系统启动完毕,按回车键<H3C>%Aug2209:19:53:3182014H3CSHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN:TTYloggedinfromaux0.--------------再按一次回车键<H3C><H3C>system-view[H3C]2、修改路由器名称<H3C>sys[H3C]sysname名称如将默认的路由器名称改为RoNetwork_Dept,Ro表示设备类型为路由器,Network_Dept表示部门名称,以后看到这个名称就知道这是什么设备、在什么位置。建议以后都采用这种方式来给设备命名,以方便管理。[H3C]sysnameRoNetwork_Dept[RoNetwork_Dept]如果要恢复默认名称,使用undosysname命令：[RoNetwork_Dept]undosysname[H3C]3、显示路由表〔1IPv4显示路由表概要信息：[RoNetwork_Dept]displayiprouting-table显示路由表详细信息：[RoNetwork_Dept]displayiprouting-tableverbose显示某种路由协议的信息：[RoNetwork_Dept]displayiprouting-tableprotocol{bgp|direct|guard|isis|ospf|rip|static}还有其他信息,可使用？显示帮助以便选择：[RoNetwork_Dept]displayiprouting-table?〔2IPv6只需将IPv4的命令中ip替换成ipv6即可。4、配置接口<H3C>sys<H3C>system-view[H3C]int接口名称如配置G0/0接口：[RoNetwork_Dept]intg0/0[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]---------进入接口配置视图配置IP地址：[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipadd12.0.0.1?-----后面跟掩码长度也行,跟掩码也行INTEGER<1-31>IPmasklengthX.X.X.XIPmask[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipadd12.0.0.124----24表示掩码长度为24位,和等效[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undoshutdown-----激活接口[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]disintg0/0-----查看接口信息5、信息回显及tracert为了防止命令被系统输出的消息打断,可以配置信息回显：[RoNetwork_Dept]info-centersynchronous为防止tracert超时,链路两端的设备都要开启以下功能：[RoNetwork_Dept]ipredirectsenable开启设备的ICMP重定向报文的发送功能[RoNetwork_Dept]ipttl-expiresenable

开启设备的ICMP超时报文的发送功能[RoNetwork_Dept]ipunreachableenable开启设备的ICMP目的不可达报文的发送功能6、配置静态路由拓扑图：RoNetwork_Dept端：<H3C>sysSystemView:returntoUserViewwithCtrl+Z.[H3C]sysRoNetwork_Dept[RoNetwork_Dept]infosyncInfo-centersynchronousoutputison.[RoNetwork_Dept]intlo0[RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0]ipadd192.168.1.124[RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0]intg0/0[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipadd12.0.0.124[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undosh[RoNetwork_Dept]%Aug2211:45:32:4152014RoNetwork_DeptIFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN:PhysicalstateontheinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0changedtoup.%Aug2211:45:32:4162014RoNetwork_DeptIFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN:LineprotocolstateontheinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0changedtoup.-------系统发出的消息,g0/0接口已经up了[RoNetwork_Dept]disiproDestinations:17Routes:17Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface---------使用ping命令测试路由是否配置正确Ping192.168.2.2<192.168.2.2>:56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=0ttl=255time=1.457ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=1ttl=255time=1.113ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=2ttl=255time=1.168ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=3ttl=255time=1.189ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=4ttl=255time=1.049ms---Pingstatisticsfor192.168.2.2---5packetstransmitted,5packetsreceived,0.0%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140ms[RoNetwork_Dept]%Aug2211:49:29:3042014RoNetwork_DeptPING/6/PING_STATISTICS:Pingstatisticsfor192.168.2.2:5packetstransmitted,5packetsreceived,0.0%packetloss,round-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140ms.[RoNetwork_Dept]RoNetCenter端：<H3C>sysSystemView:returntoUserViewwithCtrl+Z.[H3C]sysRoNetCenter[RoNetCenter]infosyncInfo-centersynchronousoutputison.[RoNetCenter]intlo0[RoNetCenter-LoopBack0]ipadd192.168.2.232[RoNetCenter-LoopBack0]intg0/0[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipadd12.0.0.224[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]undosh[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit[RoNetCenter]disiproDestinations:14Routes:14Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface[RoNetCenter]配置等价静态路由RoNetwork_Dept端：[RoNetwork_Dept]intg0/1[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1]ipadd21.0.0.124[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1]undosh[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit[RoNetwork_Dept]disiproDestinations:21Routes:22Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface21.0.0.2GE0/1RoNetCenter端：[RoNetCenter]intg0/1[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]ipadd21.0.0.224[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]undosh[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit[RoNetCenter]disiproDestinations:18Routes:19Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface21.0.0.1GE0/1测试：[RoNetwork_Dept]Ping192.168.2.2<192.168.2.2>:56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=0ttl=255time=0.935ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=1ttl=255time=1.156ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=2ttl=255time=0.732ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=3ttl=255time=1.301ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=4ttl=255time=0.733ms---Pingstatisticsfor192.168.2.2---5packetstransmitted,5packetsreceived,0.0%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=0.732/0.971/1.301/0.227ms[RoNetCenter]ping-r-------"-r"表示"Recordroute",记录路由Ping192.168.1.1<192.168.1.1>:56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak56bytesfrom192.168.1.1:icmp_seq=0ttl=255time=0.827msRR:56bytesfrom192.168.1.1:icmp_seq=1ttl=255time=0.964msRR:56bytesfrom192.168.1.1:icmp_seq=2ttl=255time=1.895msRR:56bytesfrom192.168.1.1:icmp_seq=3ttl=255time=0.673msRR:56bytesfrom192.168.1.1:icmp_seq=4ttl=255time=0.905msRR:---Pingstatisticsfor192.168.1.1---5packetstransmitted,5packetsreceived,0.0%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=0.673/1.053/1.895/0.432ms---数据包被轮流在两条链路上发送,但是奇怪的是,只从一条链路返回,这与GNS3的Cisco路由器不一样,Cisco的是从哪条链路出去就从哪条链路返回：参考：R1#pingProtocol[ip]:Repeatcount[5]:Datagramsize[100]:Timeoutinseconds[2]:Extendedcommands[n]:ySourceaddressorinterface:Typeofservice[0]:SetDFbitinIPheader?[no]:Validatereplydata?[no]:Datapattern[0xABCD]:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[none]:rNumberofhops[9]:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[RV]:r%NoroomforthatoptionLoose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[RV]:Record%NoroomforthatoptionLoose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[RV]:Sweeprangeofsizes[n]:Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto192.168.2.2,timeoutis2seconds:PackethasIPoptions:Totaloptionbytes=39,paddedlength=40Recordroute:<*><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0>Request0timedoutRequest1timedoutReplytorequest2<32ms>.ReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:<12.0.0.1>—出去<192.168.2.2><12.0.0.2><12.0.0.1><*>回来<0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0>EndoflistReplytorequest3<48ms>.ReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:<21.0.0.1><192.168.2.2><21.0.0.2><21.0.0.1><*><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0>EndoflistReplytorequest4<24ms>.ReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:<12.0.0.1><192.168.2.2><12.0.0.2><12.0.0.1><*><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0><0.0.0.0>EndoflistSuccessrateis60percent<3/5>,round-tripmin/avg/max=24/34/48ms[RoNetwork_Dept]intg0/0[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]sh-------关闭G0/0接口,看看还能不能ping通[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]%Aug2212:11:22:9122014RoNetwork_DeptIFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN:PhysicalstateontheinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0changedtodown.%Aug2212:11:22:9132014RoNetwork_DeptIFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN:LineprotocolstateontheinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0changedtodown.quit[RoNetwork_Dept]Ping192.168.2.2<192.168.2.2>:56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=0ttl=255time=0.676ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=1ttl=255time=0.626ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=2ttl=255time=0.756ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=3ttl=255time=0.952ms56bytesfrom192.168.2.2:icmp_seq=4ttl=255time=0.740ms---Pingstatisticsfor192.168.2.2---5packetstransmitted,5packetsreceived,0.0%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111ms[RoNetwork_Dept]%Aug2212:11:33:3572014RoNetwork_DeptPING/6/PING_STATISTICS:Pingstatisticsfor192.168.2.2:5packetstransmitted,5packetsreceived,0.0%packetloss,round-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111ms.可见,当其中一条链路down了之后,数据包可以通过另一条链路发往目的地。配置非等价静态路由：[RoNetwork_Dept]intg0/0[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undosh----重新激活G0/0接口[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit---删除前面配置的路由---删除前面配置的路由[RoNetwork_Dept]ipro192.168.2.2255.255.255.25512.0.0.2preference1–配置非等价静态路由,指定优先级为1----采用默认的优先级60,比上一条的优先级低[RoNetwork_Dept]disiproDestinations:21Routes:21Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface---只显示高优先级的路由,出口G0/0SummaryCount:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface[RoNetwork_Dept]intg0/0[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]sh–再次关闭G0/0接口,看看路由表的变化[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]%Aug2212:24:56:1742014RoNetwork_DeptIFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN:PhysicalstateontheinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0changedtodown.%Aug2212:24:56:1772014RoNetwork_DeptIFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN:LineprotocolstateontheinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0changedtodown.[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]disiproDestinations:17Routes:17Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface----高优先级的路由不可用后,自动使用低优先级的SummaryCount:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface小结：等价静态路由和非等价静态路由都能提供冗余,确保在一条链路出现故障后仍能保持网络的连通性,但是两者存在差别,等价静态路由除了提供冗余外,还能提供负载均衡,数据包会被平均在两条链路上传输,而非等价静态路由中只有高优先级〔低代价的路由是活动的,只有这条路由因为链路故障或接口关闭等原因导致不可用时,低优先级〔高代价的路由才会被启用。等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽相同的链路的情况,而非等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽不同的链路的情况——尤其是存在主链路和备份链路的情况。7、配置默认路由拓扑图：RoNetwork_Dept端：<H3C>sysSystemView:returntoUserViewwithCtrl+Z.[H3C]sysnRoNetwork_Dept[RoNetwork_Dept]intlo0[RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0]intg0/0[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undosh[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit[RoNetwork_Dept]disiproDestinations:14Routes:14Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterfaceRoSoftware_Dept端：<H3C>sysSystemView:returntoUserViewwithCtrl+Z.[H3C]sysnRoSoftware_Dept[RoSoftware_Dept]intl0[RoSoftware_Dept-LoopBack0]intg0/0[RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undosh[RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit[RoSoftware_Dept]disiproDestinations:14Routes:14Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterfaceRoNetCenter端：<H3C>%Aug2213:53:14:3582014H3CSHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN:TTYloggedinfromaux0.sysSystemView:returntoUserViewwithCtrl+Z.[H3C]sysnRoNetCenter[RoNetCenter]intg0/0[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]undosh[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]intg0/1[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]undosh[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]intl0[RoNetCenter-LoopBack0]quit[RoNetCenter]disiproDestinations:19Routes:19Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface测试：Ping192.168.3.3<192.168.3.3>:56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak56bytesfrom192.168.3.3:icmp_seq=0ttl=254time=2.658ms56bytesfrom192.168.3.3:icmp_seq=1ttl=254time=1.115ms56bytesfrom192.168.3.3:icmp_seq=2ttl=254time