2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南农业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号2

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南农业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.不定项选择题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslagerattheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成条件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderre-exposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto________.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat________.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’swasthat________.

问题1选项

A.wasaltered

B.wasstrengthened

C.wasweakened

D.wasnotaffected

问题2选项

A.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

B.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

C.becomeabnormallysuspicious

D.turnofftheelectricity

问题3选项

A.itledtostomachpains

B.theydislikeditstaste

C.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

D.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

问题4选项

A.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

B.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

C.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

D.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemexperiment.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：劳登斯拉格的实验表明，那些能够切断电源的老鼠的免疫系统……。A选项“被改动”；B选项“被加强”；C选项“被削弱”；D选项“不受影响”.根据题干定位到第一段“劳登斯拉格发现，无助的大鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些能够切断电源的大鼠则没有（butnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity）。”由此可知答案选D。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：根据文章，那些无助的经历会导致老鼠……。A选项“在可控的情况下被动地表现”；B选项“努力控制不愉快的刺激”；C选项“变得异常多疑”；D选项“断电”。根据题干定位到第二段第三段话Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.“但是，如果动物面对它们无法控制的情况，它们以后在面对它们可以控制的情况时就会表现得被动。”所以这里答案选A。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：为什么在安德尔的实验里老师会躲避糖精。A选项“因为糖精会导致肚子痛”；B选项“他们不喜欢这个味道”；C选项“他们把糖精和肚子痛联系起来了”；D选项“糖精影响了他们的免疫系统”。根据题干定位到最后一段第二、三句In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（使形成条件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（1975年心理学家罗伯特•阿德在罗切斯特大学医学院通过同时喂食造成胃不舒服的系统使老鼠形成躲避糖精的条件反射。老鼠将糖精与胃痛联系起来，很快就学会了避开这种甜味剂。）由此可知并不是糖精让人不舒服，是科学家有意让老鼠认为吃了糖精就会造成肚子不舒服，所以答案选C。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：这段话告诉我们，在阿德实验里，老鼠死亡的最可能的原因是……。A选项“他们的免疫系统被思维改变了”；B选项“他们的心理被糖精削弱了”；C选项“他们在之前的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂”；D选项“甜味剂对他们有害”。根据题干定位到第三段第一句Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（关于大脑如何改变免疫反应的一个最令人吃惊的例子是偶然发现的）和最后一段第四，五句Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderre-exposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem（为了消除这种对甜味剂的厌恶，阿德再次让这些老鼠接触糖精，但这次没有药物，他惊讶地发现，那些在早期条件作用中摄入了最高量甜味剂的老鼠死亡了。他只能推测，他已经成功地对老鼠进行了条件反射，现在单用糖精就可以削弱它们的免疫系统，足以杀死它们。）从这三句可以看出答案选A。

2.单选题

Themanagerrealizedtheimportanceofqualifiedstaff,andurgedall________toparticipateinthetrainingprogram.

问题1选项

A.concerning

B.theconcerning

C.concerned

D.theconcerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词的用法。四个选项都跟concerned有关，句意：经理意识到了合格员工的重要性，并且敦促所有（）参加培训项目。A，B选项没有名词词义，代入句中会造成宾语缺失，所以排除；The+形容词表示一类人，因为concerning没有形容词的词性，所以D选项错误，答案选C。

3.不定项选择题

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth（

）.

4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

问题2选项

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

问题3选项

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.

问题4选项

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

问题5选项

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：科学小组推荐的指南可以用于……。A选项“收集关于各种治疗方法的潜在有用信息”；B选项“对SARS患者进行临床研究”；C选项“确定SARS的治疗方法”；D选项“发布有关SARS的所有信息”。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.（上周五，世界卫生组织（WHO）召集的一个科学小组向医生推荐了对SARS患者进行临床研究的指导方针。）由此可知选项B符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。根据文章，解释SARS的某些治疗结果是很难的，因为……。A选项“病人在不同的国家”；B选项“患者在不同的环境下服用药物”；C选项“患者处于不同的疾病阶段”；D选项“这些条件没有标准化的测量或控制情况”。根据题干定位到第三段第二句话Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.（在今年早些时候的疫情中，在不同的环境和国家，在紧急情况下，为不同阶段的患者提供……各种治疗。这些情况——通常没有标准化的测量或控制的情况——使得解释结果变得困难），由此答案选D，其他选项是来描述在什么情况下患者接受了什么样的治疗，不是结果难以解释的原因。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：根据医生所说，两种导致病人有呼吸困难的治疗SARS的方法都……。A选项“有感染医院员工的风险”；B选项“对有呼吸困难的病人有效”；C选项“不要冒将病毒传染给医院员工的风险”；D选项“证明有效，没有造成伤害”。根据题干定位到第四段倒数第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees（两者都有将病毒传播给医院员工的风险），因此答案选A。

第4题:【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：根据世卫组织官员马戴尔博士所说，这份指导方针很灵活因为……。A选项“SARS将在贫穷国家重新出现”；B选项“没有人知道非典会在什么地方、什么时候、在什么情况下卷土重来”；C选项“非典不会出现在发达国家”；D选项“没有人知道非典是否会卷土重来”。根据关键词定位到最后一段第三句话Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.（马戴尔博士说，他们是灵活的，因为没人知道非典会在什么时候、在什么地方卷土重来。），所以答案选B。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“SARS，一个可怕的病毒”；B选项“治疗SARS没有好的方法”；C选项“SARS总有一天会卷土重来”；D选项“健康小组推荐新的SARS指南”根据第一段第一句话和最后一段第一句话AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…（由世界卫生组织召集的一个科学小组建议的指导方针……）和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…（该小组还赞同指导方针……）可知全文围绕的主题是指导方针，而不是如何治疗SARS，所以答案选D。

4.不定项选择题

Asfifteen-year-oldPerryshuffledintomyoffice,withhisparentstrailingtentativelybehind,heglancedatmewithastrainedneutralexpressionthatI’dfoundusuallymaskedeithergreatangerorgreatdistress;inPerry’scaseitwasboth.Althoughanorexia(厌食症)isadisordermostoftenassociatedwithgirls,PerrywasthethirdinalineofanorexicboysIhadrecentlyseen.

Perryrefusedtoeatwithhisfamily,alwaysclaiminghewasn’thungryatthetimeandthathepreferredtoeatlaterinhisroom.Newmenus,gentleencouragement,veiledthreats,nagging,andoutrightbribeshadallbeentried,tonoavail.Whywouldanotherwisehealthyfifteen-year-oldboybestarvinghimself?Thequestionhungurgentlyintheairaswealltalked.

Let’sbeclearfromtheoutset:Perrywasasmart,goodkid,shy,unassuming,andgenerallyunlikelytocausetrouble.HewasgettingstraightA’sinachallengingandcompetitivepublicschoolhonorscurriculumthatspring.Andhelatertoldmethathehadn’tgottenaBonhisreportcardsincefourthgrade,insomewayshewaseveryparent’sdreamchild.

Butbeneathhisacademicsuccess,Perryfacedaworldoftroubles.OnebigproblemwasthatwhilePerrywasastrongachiever,hewasnotatallahappyone.“Ihatewakingupinthemorningbecausethere’sallthisstuffIhavetodo,”hesaid.“Ijustkeepmakinglistsofthingstodoandcheckingthemoffeachday.Notjustschoolwork,butextracurricularactivities,soIcangetintoagoodcollege.”

Perrywasgiftedenoughtojumpthroughtheacademichoopsthathadbeensetforhim,butitfeltlikelittlemorethanhoop-jumping,andthisateathim.Butthatwasn’thisonlyproblem.

Perrywaswell-lovedbyhisparents,asaremostoftheyoungpeoplewesee.Butintheireffortstonurtureandsupporthim,hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.Overtime,theyhadtakenonallhishouseholdchores,inordertoleavehimmoretimeforschoolworkandactivities.“That’shistoppriority,”theysaidalmostinunisonwhenIaskedaboutthis.AlthoughremovingthechoresfromPerry’splategavehimabitmoretime,itultimatelylefthimfeelingevenmoreuselessandtense.Heneverreallydidanythingforanyoneexceptsuckuptheirtimeandmoney,andheknewit.Andifhethoughtaboutbackingoffonhisschoolworkwell,lookhowmuchhisparentswerepouringintomakingitgowell.Sandwichedbetweenfuryandguilt,Perryhadliterallybeguntowither.

1.Thispassageisnarratedfromthepointofviewof________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Perry’stwobiggestproblemswere________.

3.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

4.Theword“inadvertently”(Para.6)mostnearlymeans“________”.

问题1选项

A.aprofessorstudyingtheeffectsofovereatingonyoungmales

B.aconcernedtherapistwhoworkswithstrugglingyoungadults

C.adoctorwhotreatseating,compulsiveandsleepingdisorders

D.acollegestudentworkingonathesisabouteatingdisorders

问题2选项

A.beinganunhappyachieverandtheaddedmentalstrainfromhisparents

B.hispoorattitudetowardschoolandhisfeelingofwastingtimeandmoney

C.hisfuryandguilt

D.drugabuseandconflictwithinhisfamily

问题3选项

A.analyzepossiblereasonswhyayoungpersonmayhaveaneatingdisorder

B.compareoneyoungperson’sspecialproblemstothoseofatypicalteenager

C.relateanemotionalreactiontotheshockofaneatingdisorder

D.explainhowtoday’syouthoftendevelopeatingdisorders

问题4选项

A.steadily

B.incrementally

C.mistakenly

D.surreptitiously

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句…heglancedatmewithastrainedneutralexpressionthatI’dfoundusuallymaskedeithergreatangerorgreatdistress;inPerry’scaseitwasboth.（……他带着一种紧张的、不露声色的表情看了我一眼，我发现这种表情通常要么掩盖着巨大的愤怒，要么掩盖着巨大的痛苦；在佩里的案例中，两者都是。）最后一段最后一句话Sandwichedbetweenfuryandguilt,Perryhadliterallybeguntowither.（在愤怒和内疚的夹缝中，佩里已经开始变得虚弱了。）由此判断答案选B“一位治疗处于困境的年轻人的专家”。C选项“治疗饮食睡眠不规律的医生”；D选项“在写关于饮食不规律论文的大学生”文章没有提及。A选项“研究男性暴饮暴食相关影响的专家”，作者是治疗厌食症的医生，所以A选项错误。

第2题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到OnebigproblemwasthatwhilePerrywasastrongachiever,hewasnotatallahappyone.（有一个问题就是虽然佩里是一个赢家获得了很多成就，但他一点也不快乐。）最后一段第二句…hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.（他的父母无意中增加了他的精神负担。）所以这题选A选项“一个不开心的赢家和来自父母的精神压力”。B选项“他对待学校的消极态度以及浪费时间和金钱的感觉”和D选项“延误滥用和家庭矛盾”文章没有提及；C选项“愤怒和愧疚”这个是佩里的两种情绪并不是佩里的问题所在。

第3题:主旨大意题。A选项“分析为什么一个年轻人有进食障碍”。B选项“比较让一个年轻人的特殊情况与那些普通年轻人的特殊情况相比较”；C选项“把情绪反应和进食障碍带来的冲击联系起来”D选项“解释为什么今天的年轻人经常出现进食障碍”。整篇文章都在分析佩里的症状出现的原因并没有和其他年轻人做比较，所以答案选A。

第4题:词汇推断题。A选项“渐渐地”；B选项“递增地”；C选项“错误地”；D选项“偷偷地，秘密地”。定位到最后一段第一句话Perrywaswell-lovedbyhisparents（佩里被自己的父母深切地热爱着）和最后一段二句话…hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.（他的父母无意中增加了他的精神负担），从这里可知，佩里的父母是爱自己的孩子的，不会故意在佩里状态已经很不好的时候来增加佩里的负担，所以答案应该选C。

5.单选题

Thehospitalisnowdiscounting10standardoperations,________havingababytoundergoingaheartbypass.

问题1选项

A.rangingfrom

B.covering

C.consistingof

D.comprising

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“从……到……”；B选项“覆盖，包含”；C选项“包括，组成”；D选项“包括”。句意：这家医院现在不考虑（做）10种标准手术，（）接生到心脏搭桥手术。从句子关键词“to”，选项中和to搭配的只有rangefrom...to；所以答案选A。consistof和comprise后面列举的例子一般用and连接。

6.不定项选择题

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat（

）.

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure（

）.

问题1选项

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

问题2选项

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

问题3选项

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

问题4选项

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

问题5选项

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪个选项可以描述一个好的动物园的环境。A选项“宽敞、文明”；B选项“宽敞、自然”；C选项“阴凉、多石”；D选项“富有启迪性以及安全的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.（小笼子让位给宽敞的围栏，里面的植物、岩石、树木和水模拟了动物的自然环境）从这句可以看出答案选B；A选项文章没有提及，所以不选；C选项定位到第二段第二句话，虽然有提到树荫和石头但是不是本句重点也不能全部概括当代动物园的特点，这里属于以偏概全，所以不选；D选项定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和动物物种保护已经成为美国较好的动物园的优先事项。），没有讲到当代动物园的特点，这里属于出处错误，所以D选项不能选。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：现代动物园扮演什么重要的角色。A选项“娱乐和教育游客”；B选项“教育和保护人们”；C选项“教育人们，保护动物物种免于灭绝”；D选项“饲养动物，并把它们借给他人”。第二段第一句话PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和动物物种保护已经成为美国较好的动物园的优先事项）由此可知B选项错误，是保护动物而不是保护人类；C选项正确；A选项定位到第一段最后一句话Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.（照顾动物和吸引、娱乐游客一样重要），这里讲的是动物园想要达到的目的，而不是动物园在公众面前所起到的作用，属于出处错误，所以A选项不选；D选项定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（虽然动物园仍然偶尔从世界各地进口野生动物放在笼子里，但他们正在越来越多地寻找其他动物园和圈养动物的来源，以获得更多的动物。），这里不能回答题干所问的问题属于出处错误。

第3题:判断推理题。题干：从动物园支持者的观点中，很少有人知道什么？A选项“为了拯救野生动物，文明应该被抛弃”；B选项“动物园正威胁着动物的灭绝”；C选项“虽然动物园曾经为拯救濒临灭绝的动物作出了贡献，但现在它们不保护濒危物种”；D选项“当一些人通过狩猎威胁野生动物时，动物园正在保护它们免于灭绝的危险”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.（动物园的支持者认为，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毁野生动物仅存的自然栖息地），由这里可知支持者认为因为文明的入侵导致野生动物的栖息地减少从而威胁野生动物的生存，所以暗含着保护野生动物就应该抛弃文明的意味，所以答案选A。

B选项定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.（尽管动物园曾经不断地在笼子里放养被捕获的动物，造成了野生动物面临灭绝的威胁，但它们现在重新定义了自己作为濒危物种保护者的角色），从这里可知B选项错误。

C选项错误，现在已经是保护者的角色就不会威胁动物的生存，这里属于反向干扰；

D选项定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.（在一些国家，对毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕猎十分盛行，这使动物进一步处于危险之中），从这里可知不是偷猎导致动物濒危，而是偷猎进一步导致动物数量减少，所以不选。

第4题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第一句话theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（他们正在越来越多地关注其他动物园和圈养动物，以获得更多的动物），所以选A选项“在动物园之间交换动物”；

B选项“把动物放进更大的笼子里”，根据46题虽然有提到给动物提供更大的空间但是这不能让动物数量增加，这里属于反向干扰，所以B选项错误；

C选项“从野生保护区猎捕动物”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

D选项“在将动物送回大自然之前给它们喂食”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

题干：根据文章，什么对动物物种的繁殖有很大的帮助？A选项“在动物园之间交换动物”。

第5题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句话Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.（因此，动物园提供从牙科到足疗的一切服务，以保持动物的最佳状态），这里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案选A；

B选项shape不是体态的意思，所以B选项错误；

C、D属于出处错误，文中有提到笼子和生活环境这些不是动物园做动物身体护理的目的。

7.单选题

It（

）atleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.

问题1选项

A.entitlesyouto

B.providesyou

C.suppliesyoufor

D.givesyouto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项entitlesyouto“给你……权”；B选项providesyou“提供你”；C选项suppliesyoufor“为你提供”；D选项givesyouto“给你”。句意：当你镜框和镜片都买了的话，它会给你镜框或者镜片半价的折扣。这里答案选A，只有当你镜框和镜片都买，你才有半价权利。provide后面不能接双宾语，所以不选；give可以接双宾语，所以不需要加to；supply一般与with或者to搭配，所以C选项错误。

8.单选题

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

问题1选项

A.sowell

B.toowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这个解决方案只对那些自由工作者，没有小孩且在一起的时候大部分时间都相处得（）的夫妻来说有用。结合选项这里词意要填“很好”，所以不能选B选项，因为too…to是“太……而不能”；C，D选项则会把因果倒置“因为相处得好所以大部分时间待在一起”。so…to“太……而”这个搭配与too…to的意思相对，答案选A。

9.不定项选择题

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andothermineral,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

1.Acountry’swealthdependsupon（

）.

2.Theword“foremost”underlinedmeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat（

）.

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?

5.ThesecondsentenceinParagraph3is（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsstandardofliving

B.itsmoney

C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

问题2选项

A.mostimportantly

B.firstly

C.largely

D.forthemostpart

问题3选项

A.acountry’swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theU.S.Aisoneof