2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号37

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.写作题

Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic“LearningandStudyingasISeeIt”accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlinedinChinese.

求知和探究被古人认为是人生中步履荆棘的历程。王国维先生就有着做学问的三大境界，其一曰“昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路”；其二曰“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴”；最后才会“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处”。请结合自己求学的经历或体会，分析你对这个命题的理解和看法。

【答案】略

2.单选题

Nooneis（

）aboutStephens;heinspireseitheruncriticaladulationorprofoundantipathyinthosewhoworkforhim.

问题1选项

A.neutral

B.infuriated

C.anxiety

D.consternation

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项neutral“中立的”；B选项infuriated“激怒的；狂怒的”；C选项anxiety“焦虑；挂念”；D选项consternation“惊恐；惊慌失措”。句意：没有人······斯蒂芬斯;在为他工作的人中间，他要么受到不加批判的奉承，要么引起深深的反感。“奉承”和“反感”可认为是两个极端，因此从情感色彩上来说，没有人对斯蒂芬持有“中立”的态度，A选项正确。

3.单选题

Veterandoctorscanoftenreflectonpastexperiencestodrawlessonsforthepresent;youngresidentdoctors,however,rarelyhavetheadvantagesofsuch（

）.

问题1选项

A.retrospection

B.vagueness

C.hostility

D.misconceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。retrospection回顾；反省；追忆；vagueness模糊；含糊；茫然；hostility敌意；misconception误解。句意：经验丰富的医生可以经常反思过去的经历来汲取教训，然而，年轻的住院部医师却很少有这样反省的优势。由Veterandoctorscanoftenreflectonpastexperiences以及while可知，句子前后形成对比，经验丰富的医生有经历可反思和回顾，而年轻的医生却没有这样的优势。空格处所填单词应与reflect意思接近，答案为A。

4.翻译题

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

预言未来的经济是困难的事情。美国人逐渐意识到他们自己是在一种全球化经济中竞争，而且他们将不断经历经济的好转和低迷。不过有一件事情可以确定的是，美国关于财富的传统观念已经对人民的生活水平和价值观产生了深远的影响。而因为美国人对于财富持续增长的观念已经深深扎根于他们的信仰系统，所以财富的衰退的现状会对他们产生严重的挫伤。不过即便是经济的衰退，很难说对他们所持的理念带来太多的作用，相反也许会产生积极的竞争和促进作用。

【答案】Itisdifficulttopredictthefutureeconomy.Americanshavecometorealizedthattheyarecompetinginaglobaleconomyandthattheywillcontinuetoexperienceeconomicupturnsanddownturns.Onethingiscertain,however,thatAmerica’straditionalviewofwealthhavehadaprofoundeffectonitspeople’slivingstandardsandvalues.American’sbeliefthatwealthwillcontinuetorisehavedeeplyrootedintheirbeliefsystem,hencethecurrentdeclineinwealthcanbeaserioussetbackforthem.Butevenarecessionwouldhardlydomuchontheirideas;instead,itmayproducepositivecompetitionandfacilitation.

5.单选题

Thevegetativeformsofbacteriaareexterminatedby（

）intheair,althoughthedifferentspeciesexhibitpronounceddifferencesintheirresistance.

问题1选项

A.combusting

B.quenching

C.shrinking

D.dehydrating

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。combust燃烧的，烧焦的；quenching(quench)压抑；熄灭；shrinking收缩，萎缩；dehydrating脱水。句意：即使不同的物种在它们的抗争中显现出显著的差异，但是细菌繁殖体还是能以脱水的方式被根除。D项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thetwopaintingsbythegreatartistembodythe（

）styleofthetimesandtheimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.

问题1选项

A.iconoclastic

B.heterodoxy

C.recluse

D.phantasmal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。iconoclastic打破旧习的；偶像破坏的；heterodoxy异端，异端邪说；recluse隐居的；phantasmal幻影的；幽灵的；空想的。句意：这位伟大的艺术家所作的这两幅画体现了这个时代（

）风格和将彻底改变中国当代艺术的冲动。由theimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.这句中的transformChinesecontemporaryart“彻底改变中国当代艺术”可知空格处所填单词应具有打破旧习的意思，故答案为A。

7.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

What’sthebestteacher?Experience,ofcourse!It’spriceless.

Itcomesfromwhatyouyourselfhaveseen,heard,tasted,smelledandfelt—whatyouyourselfhavelivedthrough.

Takeacloserlook.Lookatourlimitations.

Nowonderexperienceissopreciousinthatwecan’tbegintogetenoughofit,evencannotexperienceagainwhatwejustlivedthrough.We’renotbornwithinstantreplay.Wecan’tactuallyreliveanymoment.And,obviously,we’relimitedtoonelifetime.

Spaceandtime!Howtheylimitus.Whohasatimemachinetocarryhimbackintohistory?Noone.It’sthesamewithspace.

Wecan’tliterallybeintwoplacesatthesametime.Rightnow,youcan’tbesittingwhereyouareandatthesametimebestrollingdownthefamedChampsElyseesinParis(巴黎香榭丽舍大道).

Andthere’ssomuchexperienceweneed.What’sitreallyliketoworkonanassemblyline?What’sitreallyliketobeasecretary?

Here’swherereadingfits.

Itcanbringus,personally,almostunlimitedadditionalexperience;tobesure,it’ssecondhandexperience.Butit’softenso,vividitseemsfirsthand,justasifwe’relivingthroughitourselves,beingmovedtotears,laughterorsuspense.Thatrichrangeofexperienceprovidestheidealsupplementtoourownlimitedexperience;bydoingso,readingbecomesoneofourmostprofoundmind-shapingactivities.

Furthermore,allthisexperienceisavailablewhenwewantit.Booksneverimposeonus.Whenwewantthem,wereachoutandpullthemofftheshellortable.Atourconvenienceweinvitethemtosharetheirunbelievablewealthwithus.

【答案】它（经验）来自于你自己的经历，自己看到、听到、尝到、闻到和感觉到的东西。

由于我们无法在一开始得到足够的经验，甚至不能再次经历刚经历过的事情，使得经验如此宝贵。

我们不能同时出现在两个地方。现在，你不可能坐在你现在的位置，且同时漫步在巴黎著名的香榭丽舍大街上。

它能给我们个人带来几乎无限的额外经验；当然，这是间接的经验。

丰富的经验为我们有限的经验提供了理想的补给；通过这样做，阅读成为我们最深刻的思想塑造活动之一。

8.单选题

Leninoncearguedthatapoliticalleaderisnotonlyresponsibleforpolicybutfortheactionofthosewho（

）it.

问题1选项

A.assault

B.mislead

C.execute

D.commend

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项assault“攻击；袭击”；B选项mislead“误导”；C选项execute“实行；执行；处死”；D选项commend“称赞；推荐；把······委托”。句意：列宁曾经说过，一个政治领袖不仅要对政策负责，还要对那些······政策的人的行为负责。能与“政策”相搭配的只有C选项“执行”。

9.单选题

Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthegoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselvestoexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills.Someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreekoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealournaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirth,andofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness,Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereaction.Whenthiscome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinanynaturalexcellence,Thus,religiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefinewisdomas（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Theauthorofthispassagestatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

（

）.

4.AllofthefollowingtermsmaybeusedtodescribetheconceptofreasonasusedbytheauthorEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforthatwhichisbest

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

问题2选项

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination;reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thepoetryofreligionoftenassumesthatitisthetruth.

问题3选项

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims

C.itdebauchesyoungminds

D.ithasinspiredmankind

问题4选项

A.unemotional

B.orderly

C.reconciledtotheinevitable

D.imaginative

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干中关键词wisdom出现在文章最后一段，恰好词后有破折号“Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood”，当它给人训诫、暗示理想或重塑抱负时，它是一种富有想象力的智慧的替代品：我认为，它是对一切美好事物深思熟虑、不偏不倚的追求。浏览四个选项发现，C选项“一种对最好的事物有目的且无偏见的追求”符合文意。

2.判断推理题。第一段中说到对reason理性的态度“Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.我们遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我们，也不责备我们，除了以事物的真实性质和比例展现出来而自然地激起我们的感情外，它不要求我们有任何感情。”，A选项后半部分“理性在寻找的过程中利用了情感”与文章不符合，因此A选项正确。B选项“宗教已被证明是解决人类问题的一种无效工具”出现在文章第二段“Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.用这种方法（宗教的方法），对生活的真正改善几乎是无能为力的”；C选项“科学寻求对人类问题的渐进解决办法”对应文章第三段“Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.当它解释事件或分配原因时，它是科学的想象替代品”；D选项“宗教的诗歌常常假定它是真理”对应第三段中“Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.生活的目的和条件在宗教中都有诗意的体现，但这种诗意往往把宗教所不具备的字面上的真理和道德上的权威据为己有”。

3.判断推理题。第一段提到题干中两个关键词“religion”和“rationality”。本题问的是宗教的不同之处，因此定位到“religion”相关句“Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.宗教是经验本身的一部分：大量的情感和思想。一个是不可违背的原则，另一个是变化和奋斗的力量。然而，宗教的这种挣扎和变化的力量似乎把人引向某种永恒的东西。它似乎是为了灵魂内部的终极和谐，以及灵魂和灵魂所依赖的一切之间的终极和谐。”对比选项可知，D选项“它鼓舞了人类”符合上述文意。

4.判断推理题。Reason在本文中的定义出现在第一段“Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.另一方面，理性只是一种原则或潜在的秩序，我们确实可以根据它来思考，但它只存在于我们心中，没有任何变化或压力。我们遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我们，也不责备我们，除了以事物的真实性质和比例展现出来而自然地激起我们的感情外，它不要求我们有任何感情。”A选项unemotional“非感情的”，B选项orderly“有秩序的”，C选项reconciledtotheinevitable“接受不可避免的事实”均出现在上述语句中，D选项imaginative“富于想象的”不符合文中表述，不可用来描述reason。

10.单选题

Thereseemstobeno（

）thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s；indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.

问题1选项

A.slaking

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。slaking消散，消化；reference参考，提及；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：阅读群众对20世纪60年代的书籍的渴望并没有减少；事实上，由于受一连串的通俗电视纪录片的影响，普遍的兴趣还增加了。根据句意及前后关系可知A项正确。

11.单选题

Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundno（

）thispervasiveviewofselection.

问题1选项

A.biastoward

B.criticismof

C.basisfor

D.precursorsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。biastoward“对······的偏见”；criticismof“对······的批评”；basisfor“······的基础”；precursorsof“······的先驱者”。句意：在大约1960年以前，几乎所有对进化的解释都假定大多数的适应是在群体数量水平基础上选择的产物，但是，近来对于进化的研究没发现这种普遍深入的选择观点的基础。由tobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;及however表转折关系可知空格处与前述内容意思相反。故C项符合题意。

12.单选题

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot（

）

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。validity“有效性；正确；正确性”；arrogant“自大的；目中无人的”;congenial“意气相投的；一致的”；fanatical“狂热的”。句意：尽管Parker在自己所关心的问题上非常直言不讳，但是她却____；当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。可推断Parker不是一个傲慢无礼的人。故B项符合题意。

13.单选题

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif

（

）.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,（

）.

问题1选项

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

问题2选项

A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard

B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified

C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled

D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject

问题3选项

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

问题4选项

A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。第二段说到MT系统的问题出现在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而，如果要达到要求的质量，MTsystem所产生翻译必须由人工译者进行修改或“后期编辑”。有时这样的修改可能是实质性的，因此MT系统实际上是在生成一个“草稿”翻译。”说明MT系统翻译出来的成品需要人工修改，D选项“需要对MT产生的文本进行大量修订”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键词fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒数第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作为一种替代方法，输入文本可以被正规化(或在词汇和句子结构上“受控”)，这样机器翻译系统产生的需要纠正的错误就很少。”因此条件就是“控制”输入文本的语言。C选项“原文的语言被控制”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.这一需求——使用MT进行同化——在过去已经得到满足，实际上，它是最初为传播应用而设计的系统的副产品。”最后一句补充说到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.随着市场上更便宜的基于pc的系统的出现，这种类型的使用（使用MT进行同化）已经迅速而显著地增长。”由此可知A选项“数量正迅速增长”正确。

4.判断推理题。题干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系统的逐步成熟”，说明问的是MT系统的发展势头，第四段最后一句说到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.语音识别与自动翻译的融合问题显然难以解决，但仍在不断取得进展。在未来——也许还是遥远的未来——我们可以期待在高度受限的领域中实现语音翻译的在线机器翻译系统。”由此可知未来的进展可能出现在“在线机器语音翻译”这方面，对比选项可得A选项“一个人可以通过电话与另一个说不同语言的人交流”符合文意。

14.翻译题

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

情商(EmotionalQuotient，EQ)不是智商(IntellectualQuotient,IQ)的对立面，一些人有幸二者兼具且显丰盛，一些人则每一样都拥有很少。研究者们一直试图理解的是他们如何互补：比如一个人对付压力的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥才智的能力。他们大多同意，在成功的要素中智商占有一定的比例，其余则取决于其他的因素，从人的社会地位到运气甚至是人类进化数百万年在其大脑中形成的神经路径。

【答案】EmotionalQuotient(EQ)isnottheoppositeofanIQ.Somepeopleareluckyenoughtohavebothoftheminabundance,whileothershaveverylittleofeach.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother:Forexample,howaperson'sabilitytocopewithstressaffectstheirabilitytoconcentrateandusetheirminds.Mostagreethatintelligenceaccountsforacertainpercentageofsuccess,andtherestdependsonotherfactors,fromsocialstatustoluckandeventheneuralpathwaysthathumanshaveevolvedovermillionsofyearsintheirbrains.

15.单选题

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

问题1选项

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。threatening“危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“纵容的；默许的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英国小说家威廉•萨克雷认为对罪犯的狂热崇拜是相当危险的，所以他批评狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》让小偷厨房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B项符合语境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才让人崇拜。

16.单选题

Publicdebatearoundclimatechangeanditseffectsonagriculturetendstofocusonthelarge-scaleindustrialfarmsoftheNorth.Farmerswhoworkonasmallscaleandusetraditionalmethodshavelargelybeenignored.However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,Nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.

Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.Forexample,ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction.Whentheseglobalcropsarenolongersuitedtotheenvironmentinwhichtheyaregrown,whentheirresistancetodiseaseandpestsbeginstofail,ortheclimateitselfchanges,thebestwaytorejuvenatethebreedingstockwillbetointroducenewgeneticmaterialfromthevastdiversityofcropvarietiesstillmaintainedbyindigenouspeoples.

Incontrasttotheindustrialmodel,AndeanpotatoesandotherAndeancropssuchassquashandbeansgrownbyQuechuanfarmersexhibitextraordinarygeneticdiversity,drivenbytheneedtoadaptcropstotheextraordinaryclimaticdiversityoftheregion.Alongthetwoaxesoflatitudeandaltitude,theAndesencompassesfullytwo-thirdsofallpossiblecombinationsofclimateandgeographyfoundonEarth.TheAndeanpotatohasbeenadaptedtoeveryenvironmentexceptthedepthoftherainforestorthefrozenpeaksofthemountains.Today,facingthelikelihoodofmajordisruptionstotheclimaticconditionsforagricultureworldwide,indigenousfarmersprovideadramaticexampleofcropadaptationinanincreasinglyextremeenvironment.Moreimportantly,Nativefarmershavealsosafeguardedthecropdiversityessentialforthefutureadaptations.

1.Inthesecondparagraph,theinformationaboutpotato-growingpracticesintheindustrialmodelofagricultureservesto（

）.

2.ThepassagestatesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthesmallnumberofpotatovarietiesthataccountformostofthepotatoesproducedonEarthcurrently?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

问题1选项

A.giveanexampleofapotentialproblemthatNativefarmingpracticescouldhelptoalleviate.

B.showthelikelyglobalconsequencesofapossiblefoodshortagecausedbyindustrialfarmingpractices.

C.showhowpestsanddiseasearelesseffectivelyresistedbycropsgrownintheindustrialfarmingmodel.

D.giveanexampleofhowpublicdebatehashadlittleeffectontheagriculturalpracticesoftheNorth.

问题2选项

A.TheyaregrownintheAndeanregion.

B.Theyallrequireverysimilarsoilandclimateconditions.

C.Theymakeoptimaluseofavailablesoilandwaterresources.

D.Theyarebasedongeneticmaterialfromcropsdevelopedbyindigenouspeoples.

问题3选项

A.AttentiontoNativefarmingpracticeswillleadtogreaterawarenessofthethreatofclimatechange.

B.Popularityofsmall-scalefarmingintheNorthwillleadtogreaterattentiontoNativefanningpractices.

C.Despitepotentialclimatechange,publicdebatewillhavelittleeffectonindustrialfarmingpractices.

D.ItwillbeworthwhiletoincludeagreaterfocusonNativefarmingpracticesinpublicdiscussionsconcerningthethreatofclimatechange.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。在举例之前，文中提到“Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.在农业的工业模式中，一到两种作物品种生长在广阔的地区。不是试图以最佳和可持续的方式利用当地的土壤和水资源，自然环境几乎被忽视，通过大规模灌溉和大量使用人工化肥和杀虫剂来创造统一的生长条件。”可知农民忽略自然条件，应该重视自然条件来解决潜在问题。A项“一个例子，说明当地农业实践可能有助于缓解的一个潜在问题。”故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段中“ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction少数几个基本相似的马铃薯品种都需要几乎相同的土壤条件、温度、降雨和生长季节，几乎占全球产量的全部”。可以看出，土豆生长都需要相同的土壤条件和气候条件，通过排除法，可知答案选择B。

3.主旨大意题。