2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号93

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust（）bytheschooldiscipline.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合，遵守”，一般和介词to或with搭配；stand“站立”，后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”；abide“容忍，遵守”，后接介词by意为“遵守，信守，承担……的后果”；sustain“维持，支撑”，是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律，所以选项C正确。

2.单选题

Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over（）forapropertycompany.

问题1选项

A.application

B.bid

C.proposal

D.suggestion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。application“应用，申请”;bid“出价，投标”；proposal“提议，建议，求婚”；suggestion“建议，暗示”。makeabidfor“竞拍，投标”，因此选项B符合题意。句意：这家跨国公司正在为接管一家房地产公司而竞标。

3.单选题

Successfulpeoplealwaysmake（）preparationforanypotentialsetbacks.

问题1选项

A.adequate

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。adequate“充足的”；urgent“紧急的，紧迫的”;abrupt“生硬的，唐突的”；final“最终的，决定性的”。根据preparation“准备”与potentialsetbacks“潜在的挫折”，可知选项A符合题意。句意：成功的人总会为潜在失败做好充足的准备。

4.单选题

Acensor’sdutyistoensurethatnocontentis（）inpublicationorfilms.

问题1选项

A.evil

B.obscure

C.obscene

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项evil“恶毒的;邪恶的”；B选项obscure“无名的;鲜为人知的”；C选项obscene“淫秽的;猥亵的”；D选项opaque“不透明的;不透光的”。句意：审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。根据关键词“审查员的职责”可知C符合句意。

5.单选题

Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean（）.

问题1选项

A.abortion

B.accident

C.adventure

D.alarm

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。abortion"流产，计划（失败）”;accident“事故，意外”;adventure“冒险”；alarm“警报”。前面提到罪犯试图越狱，后面转折词but表明他没有成功，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这个罪犯试图越狱，但是他的计划没有成功。

6.单选题

Theboysinthedorm（）acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

问题1选项

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hold“持有；保存；召开”；B选项toss“抛；摇匀；颠簸”；C选项put“出发；航行；发芽”；D选项collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生……硬币决定谁来扫地。这里是指“扔硬币”来做决定，因此B选项toss符合句意。

7.单选题

Afterreceivingthenews,immediate（）wastakenbythelocalgovernmenttostopthediseasespreading.

问题1选项

A.activity

B.adventure

C.action

D.measure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。activity“活动”；adventure“冒险”；action“活动，行动”；measure“测量，措施”。根据关键词take可知此处是表示“采取措施”，因此选项D符合题意。句意：接到消息后，当地政府立刻采取措施防止疾病蔓延。

8.单选题

Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

问题1选项

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。本句中的that就相当于so,意为“如此”,修饰副词far。选项C符合题意。such后面要接名词或者名词短语。as的语义不符。

9.单选题

Agoodteacheralwaystriesto（）studentstoaskquestion.

问题1选项

A.encourage

B.stimulate

C.needle

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项encourage“鼓励，激励”。B选项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。C选项needle“刺激，故意招惹”。D选项spread“传播，伸展”。句意：一个好的老师总是鼓励学生去提问。本句表示“鼓励学生提问”。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

DuringtheWorldWarIImanyfamousscientistssoughtandreceivedpolitical（）intheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.influence

B.persecution

C.shelter

D.oppression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项influence“影响；势力”；B选项persecution“迫害；烦扰”；C选项shelter“庇护；避难所”；D选项oppression“压抑；镇压”。句意：第二次世界大战期间，许多著名的科学家在美国寻求并得到了政治……。战争期间，科学家们寻求的必然是“政治庇护”，因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Manymembersofthewomen’sliberationmovementadvocatethatmenshould（）someoftheresponsibilitiesofchildcareandhouseholdwork.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.taketo

C.takein

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。takeup“拿起，占据，开始从事”；taketo“喜欢，走向”；takein“吸收，领会”；takeon“承担，呈现，穿上”。句意：许多妇女解放运动的成员主张男人应该承担一些照顾孩子和做家务的责任。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项destructive“破坏的；毁灭性的”；B选项progressive“进步的；先进的”；C选项conservative“保守的”；D选项constructive“建设性的；推定的”。句意：通常来讲，老年人比年轻人更……。综合句意及选项判断可知，此处应表示老年人比年轻人“保守”，C选项正确。

13.单选题

Theproblemthaturbansprawlis（）upontheun-spoiltcountrysidedeservesmoreattentionfromthegovernmentandthepublic.

问题1选项

A.occupying

B.taking

C.encroach

D.encroaching

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项occupy“占据；占用”；B选项take“拿走；取走”；C选项encroach“侵占(某人的时间)；蚕食(土地)”；D选项encroaching“encroach的现在分词形式”。句意：城市扩张正在侵蚀着未被破坏的农村，这一问题值得政府和公众更多的关注。此处的选项应与介词upon构成搭配，而空格前面为be动词，因此此处应该为现在分词形式，故选D。encroachupon表示“侵犯，侵占”。

14.单选题

Whathetoldyouisstrictly（）.Don’tletanyoneelseknowofit.

问题1选项

A.secretive

B.individual

C.particular

D.confidential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；individual“个别的，独特的”；particular“特别的，详细的”；confidential“机密的，表示信任的”。根据下一句的内容“不要让其他人知晓此事”，可知他所告知的事情是机密的，对被告知人是表示信任的，所以选项D相对于选项A来说要更恰当。

15.单选题

AlltheslavesinUSAwere（）afterthecivilwar.

问题1选项

A.arrested

B.abandoned

C.manumitted

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项arrest“逮捕；（司法机关）扣留（船只）”；B选项abandon“遗弃；离开”；C选项manumit“解放；释放”；D选项magnify“放大；赞美”。句意：美国内战结束后，所有奴隶都被释放。因此C符合题意。

16.单选题

Theresearchshowedthatthefrequencyofamother’sabsencereflecteda（）deficiencyofthechild'slevelinmathandreading.

问题1选项

A.corresponding

B.relating

C.correlating

D.responding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项corresponding“相当的；一致的；对应的；通信的”；B选项relating是relate的现在分词形式，表示“涉及，关联”；C选项correlating是correlate的现在分词；D选项responding“响应的”。本句说明母亲的缺席频率与孩子数学和阅读方面缺陷的对应性，因此A选项符合句意。句意：研究表明，母亲缺席的频率反映了孩子在数学和阅读方面相应的缺陷。

17.单选题

Thispaintingperfectly（）theimpressionisticstyle,whichwassopopularatthetime.

问题1选项

A.examines

B.exemplifies

C.extracts

D.exempts

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。“examine检查，调查”；exemplify“例证，例示”；extract“提取，摘录”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：这幅画完美地例证了在那个时期非常流行的印象派风格。选项B更符合语境。

18.单选题

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（）forinformationleadingtorobber’sarrest.

问题1选项

A.reward

B.award

C.compensation

D.prize

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reward意为“酬谢，奖赏”，尤指因表现出色或向他人提供帮助或服务而得到的酬谢；award尤指因表现出色或成绩卓越由官方决定颁发的“奖品，奖金，奖赏，奖状”；compensation尤指因损失而给予的“补偿（赔偿）物，补偿（赔偿）金”；prize尤指在比赛、竞赛中获得的“奖品，奖赏”。句意：警局提供了丰厚的奖赏来奖励那些为抓住罪犯提供线索的人。

19.单选题

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

问题1选项

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abstain“弃权；避免”；B选项refrain“节制；避免；制止”；C选项restrain“抑制；约束；制止”；D选项prevent“预防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。与“好奇心”搭配时选用C选项“抑制”更合适。

20.翻译题

AsTechnologyGetsBetter,WillSocietyGetWorse?Imaginethattwopeoplearecarvingasix-footslabofwoodatthesametime.Oneisusingahand-chisel,theother,achainsaw.Ifyouareinterestedinthefutureofthatslab,whomwouldyouwatch?

Thischainsaw/chisellogichasledsometosuggestthattechnologicalevolutionismoreimportanttohumanity’snearfuturethanbiologicalevolution,nowadays,itisnotthebiologicalchiselbutthetechnologicalchainsawthatismostquicklyredefiningwhatitmeanstobehumanThedevicesweusechangethewaywelivemuchfasterthananycontestamonggenes.We’retheblockofwood,evenif,asIwroteinJanuary,sometimeswedon’tevenfullynoticethatwe’rechanging.

1.Assumingthatwereallyareevolvingaswewearorinhabitmoretechnologicalprosthetics—likeever-smarterphones,helpfulglasses,andbrainycars—here’sthebigquestion:Willthattypeofevolutiontakeusindesirabledirections,asweusuallyassumebiologicalevolutiondoes?

Some,liketheWiredfounderKevinKelly,believethattheanswerisaresounding“yes”.Inhisbook“WhatTechnologyWants”.Kellywrites:2.“Technologywantswhatlifewants;Increasingefficiency;Increasingopportunity;Increasingemergence;Increasingcomplexity;Increasingdiversity;Increasingspecialization;Increasingubiquity;Increasingfreedom;Increasingmutualism;Increasingbeauty;Increasingsentience;Increasingstructure;Increasingevolvability.”

Wecantestthe“Increasing”theorybytakingaquicktripupnorth,toanisolatedareasouthoftheHudsonBay.HerelivetheOji-Cree,apeople,numberingaboutthirtythousand,whoinhabitacoldanddesolatelandroughlythesizeofGermany.Formuchofthetwentiethcentury,theOji-Creelivedatatechnologicallevelthatcanbedescribedasrelativelysimple.Asnomads,theylivedintentsduringthesummer,andincabinsduringthewinter.Snowshoes,dogsleds,andcanoeswerethemainmodesoftransportation,usedtotrackandkillfish,rabbits,andmooseforfood.AdoctorwhoworkedwiththeOji-Creeinthenineteen-fortieshasnotedtheabsenceofmentalbreakdownsorsubstanceabusewithinthepopulationobservingthat“thepeoplelivedarugged,rigorouslifewithplentyofexercise.”theOji-Creeinvariablyimpressedforeignerswiththeirvigorandstrength.Anothervisitor,inthenineteen-fifties,wroteoftheir“ingenuity,courage,andself-sacrifice,”nothingthat,intheNorth,“onlythosepreparedtofacehardshipandmakesacrificescouldsurvive.”

TheOji-CreehavebeenincontactwithEuropeansettlersforcenturies,butitwasonlyinthenineteen-sixties,whentrucksbeganmakingthetripnorth,thatnewertechnologiesliketheinternalcombustionengineandelectricityreallybegantoreachtheareas.TheOji-Creeeagerlyembracedthesenewtools.Inourlingo,wemightsaythattheywentthrougharapidevolution,advancingthroughhundredsofyearsoftechnologyinjustafewdecades.

Thegoodnewsisthat,nowadays,theOji-Creenolongerfacethethreatofwinterstarvation,whichregularlykilledpeopleinearliertimes.Theycanmoreeasilyimportandstorethefoodtheyneed,andtheyenjoypleasureslikesweetsandalcohol.Lifehasbecomemorecomfortable.Theconstantlaborofcanoeingorsnowshoeinghasbeeneliminatedbyoutboardenginesandsnowmobiles.Televisionmadeitnorthinthenineteen-eighties,andhasprovedenormouslypopular.

But,inthemain,theOji-Creestoryisnotahappyone.3.Sincethearrivalofnewtechnologies,thepopulationhassufferedamassiveincreaseinmorbidobesity,heartdisease,andType2diabetes.Socialproblemsarerampant;idleness,alcoholism,drugaddiction,andsuicidehavereachedsomeofthehighestlevelsonearth.Diabetes,inparticular,hasbecomesocommon(affectingfortypercentofthepopulation)thatresearcherthinkthatmanychildren,afterexposureinthewomb,arebornwithanincreasedpredispositiontothedisease.Childhoodobesityiswidespread,andten-year-oldssometimesappearmiddle-aged.Recently,theChiefofasmallOji-CreecommunityestimatedthathalfofhisadultpopulationwasaddictedtoOxyContinorotherpainkiller.

Technologyisnottheonlycauseofthesechanges,butscientistshavemadeclearthatitisadrivingfactor.Inprevioustimes,theOji-Creelifestylerequireddailyworkoutsthatrivaledthoseofaprofessionalathlete.“Intheearly20thcentury,”writesoneresearcher,"walkingupto100km/daywasnotuncommon.”Butthosedaysareover,replacedbymoderncomforts.Despitetheintroductionofmodernmedicine,thehealthoutcomesoftheOji-Creehavedeclinedinwaysthatwillnotbeeasytoreverse.TheOji-Creeareliterallybeingkilledbytechnologicaladvances.

TheOji-Creeareanunusualcase.Itcantakeasocietytimetoadjusttonewtechnologies,andthegrouphasalsosufferedothertraumas,likecolonizationandthedestructionofculturalcontinuity.Nonetheless,thestoryoffersanimportantwarningforthehumanrace.Theproblemwithtechnologicalevolutionisthatitisunderourcontroland,unfortunately,wedon’talwaysmakethebestdecisions.

4.Thisisalsotheprincipaldifferencebetweentechnologicalandbiologicalevolution.Biologicalevolutionisdrivenbysurvivalofthefittest,asadaptivetraitsarethosethatmakethesurvivalandreproductionofapopulationmorelikely.Itisn’tperfect,butatleast,inaroughway,itfavorsorganismswhoareadaptedtotheirenvironments.

Technologicalevolutionhasadifferentmotiveforce.Itisself-evolution,anditisthereforedrivenbywhatwewantasopposedtowhatisadaptive.Inamarketeconomy,itisevenmorecomplex:formostofus,ourtechnologicalidentitiesaredeterminedbywhatcompaniesdecidetosellbasedonwhattheybelievewe,asconsumers,willpayfor.Asaspecies,weoftenaren’tmuchdifferentfromtheOji-Cree.Comfort-seekingmissiles,wespendthemosttominimizepainandmaximizepleasure.Whenitcomestotechnologies,wemainlywanttomakethingseasy.Nottobebored.Oh,andmaybetolookabityounger.

Ourwill-to-comfort,combinedwithourtechnologicalpowers,createsastarkpossibility.Ifwe’renotcareful,ourtechnologicalevolutionwilltakeustowardnotasingularitybutasofalarity.That’safuturedefinednotbyanevolutiontowardsuperintelligencebutbytheabsenceofdiscomforts.

Thesofalarity(picturedmemorablyinthefilm“Wall-E”isnotinevitableeither.Buttheprospectofitmakesclearthat,asaspecies,weneedmechanismtokeephumanitynotrack.5.Thetechnologyindustry,whichdoessomuchtodefineus,hasadutytocatertoourmorecompleteselvesratherthanjustournarrowinterests.Ithasboththeopportunityandthemeanstoreachforsomethinghigher.And,asconsumers,weshouldrememberthatourcollectivedemandsdriveourdestinyasaspecies,anddefinetheposthumancondition.

【答案】1.假设当我们用更多的科技手段——比如越来越智能的手机，方便的眼镜和智能汽车——来弥补自身不足时，我们确实也在进化，一个重大问题就出现了：这样的进化能否像生物进化那样，把我们带向更加美好的未来？

2.科技想要的就是生活想要的：增进效率、机会、新事物，增强复杂性、增进多元化、增强专业度、增进普遍化、增强自由度、增强协作、增添美丽、增强感官能力、增强条理性、增强人的进步能力。

3.自新技术出现以后，这里的人们就饱受肥胖症、心脏病和第二型糖尿病的折磨。社会问题也蔓延猖獗：失业率、嗜酒率、吸毒率以及自杀率飙升，有些甚至达到了世界最高水平。糖尿病变得尤其普遍(影响着40%的人口)，研究者们认为许多儿童由于在子宫中就受到影响，生来就有更严重的糖尿病倾向。

4.这也是技术与生物进化的主要区别，生物进化是以优胜劣汰为驱动力的，因为适应性特征使生物种群生存和繁殖的可能性更大，它不是完美的，但至少在以一个大致的方式进行，它对适应环境的生物是有利的。

5.科技产业对我们来说非常重要，它有责任来满足我们真正的自我，而非我们狭隘的嗜好。科技产业有机会也有能力取得更高的成就。另外，作为消费者的我们也应该牢记，我们的共同需求推动着我们作为人类物种的命运，决定着新一代人类的未来。

21.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

问题1选项

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fraction表示“分数，部分，小部分”，B选项fiction表示“小说，编造，谎言”，C选项function表示“功能，运转，函数”，D选项friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根据句意可知，我们仅仅察觉到偶然触及我们感官的一小部分光和声音；而大部分已经过去了。空缺处单词与后文中的thegreatmajority形成对比，形容光和声音的一小部分，因此，只有A项符合语境。故本题正确答案为A选项。

22.单选题

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday（）.

问题1选项

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。introduction“介绍，前言，入门”；advertisement“广告”；book“书”；brochure“小册子，手册”。句意：由于你准备度假，我建议你去旅行社找本假日手册。选项D符合题意。

23.单选题

Ihave（）fortheirforgivenessonthiscase.

问题1选项

A.invaded

B.provoked

C.invoked

D.devaluated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项invade“侵略，侵袭”；B选项provoke“激怒，煽动”；C选项invoke“祈求，调用，引起”；D选项devaluate“使……贬值”。句意：我恳求他们宽恕这件事。因此C项符合句意。

24.单选题

Youarethe（）personIwanttosee.Whydidyoucometoseeme?

问题1选项

A.very

B.fine

C.last

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项very“恰好的；十足的；唯独的；真正的”；B选项fine“好的；健康的；晴朗的”；C选项last“最后的；最终的；最不可能的”；D选项suitable“适当的；相配的”。句意：你就是我……要见的人。你为什么来看我？由后面的问句可看出说话者并不想见此人，四个选项中只有last表示“最不……的”之意，因此C选项正确。

25.单选题

Thetoneofthearticles（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reproduce“繁殖，复制”;reflect“反映，表现”，reflectone'smood“反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine“想象，设想”；imitate“模仿，仿效”。选项B符合题意。句意：文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。

26.单选题

Ifyouwantedtoquestionwhetherglobalwarmingisindeeduponus,lastweekwasnotthetimetodoit.Twoweeksbeforetheofficialbeginningofsummer,aheatwavebakedtheeasternthirdoftheU.S.andCanada,drivingtemperatureshighintothe90sandeven100s.Atthesametime,aflurryofscientificpaperswasreleasedthatseemedtoexplainallthelate-springsuffering.Inonestudy,Frenchresearchersreportedthatheat-trappinggreenhousegasesareattheirhighestlevelsin420,000years.Inanother,U.S.scientistsfoundthat57speciesofbutterflymaybealteringtheirmigratorypatternsinresponsetochangingheatpatterns.

Inlightofallthis,aswelteringpublicmusthavebeenconvincedatlastthatit’stimetodosomethingtocoolofftheoverheatedplanet,right?Wrong.Evenasthetemperaturewasclimbing,anewsurveybytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionfoundthatAmericansarelessconcernedthaneveraboutcombatingglobalwarming."Themorewetalkaboutwarming,"saysthestudy'sdirector,JohnImmerwahr,"the(morethe)public'sconcerngoesdown."

Suchanenvironmentaldisconnectmaynotbemuchofamystery.Environmentalistscomplainthatoverthepasttwoyearsindustrygroupshavelaunchedacoordinatedadvertisingcampaigntotorpedothe1997Kyototreaty,whichrequiresindustrialnationstoreducegreenhouseemissions.Morethan$13millionhasbeenspentonadstoblockratificationofthetreatybytheU.S.Senate."ThepurposeoftheadswastoconvincemostAmericansthatthereisn’taproblemorthatit’stooexpensivetofix,"saysNationalEnvironmentalTrustspokesmanPeterKelly.

EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue.Forexample,intheyearof1997,PresidentClintonmovedforKyototreatychangesthatenvironmentalgroupsseeasindustry-pleasingloopholes.SaysDanielWeiss,theSierraClub'spoliticaldirector:"Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness."Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.Ifsuchpopularso-whatingpersists,Immerwahrwarns,thepublicmaybegingraspingatphonysolutionstoglobalwarming.Attheendoflastweek,somepeopletookcomfortfromthereportofavasthazeofpollutantsthatcollectsovertheIndianOceaninthewinter,butthatresearchersonlyrecentlystudied.Filthyasthecloudis,itdoesdeflectsolarradiation,andthatcouldleadtocooling.Butscientistswarnthatwecannotsimplypolluteourwayoutofglobalwarming.Thesootdropsfromthehazyatmosphereinweeks,whereasgreenhousegasesremainforcenturies.

Thewayoutofthisgridlock,environmentalistssay,istoshowit’spossibletoreducegreenhousegaseswithoutsinkingtheeconomy.Solutionsincludecleanercarsandbetterwind-andsolar-powertechnologies.SaysGregWetstone,programdirectorfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil:"Whenthesekindsofoptionsbecomeavailable,peoplewillfeellesshopeless."Ofcourse,it’salsopossiblethatonlywhenpeoplefeellesshopelesswilltheypresstheirleaderstomakethesolutionsavailable.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,globalwarmingis（）.

2.Speakingofglobalwarming,Americanpublicis（）.

3.Thepublic’sreactiontoglobalwarmingismainlyaresultof（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.causingalotoftrouble

B.notasseriousasitseems

C.feltonlyinAmericaandCanada

D.whataccountsforthehighlevelofgreenhousegases

问题2选项

A.concerned

B.indifferent

C.worried

D.frightened

问题3选项

A.theirdisbeliefoftheexistenceofsuchproblem

B.theadvertisingcampaignofindustrialgroups

C.thehighcostoffixingtheproblem

D.AmericanSenate’sdisapprovalofKyototreaty

问题4选项

A.EnvironmentalistsurgePresidentClintonadministrationtopresstheissue.

B.Kyototreatyaimsatcurbingtheglobalwarmingproblem.

C.Americangovernmentispartlyresponsibleforthepublic'sattitudetowardglobalwarming

D.Industrialgroupsdonotcareaboutglobalwarming.

问题5选项

A.environmentalistssupporttheideaofsolvingglobalwarmingthroughpollution

B.thepoorleadershipofAmericanPresidenthasproducedaverybadinfluence

C.Americaneconomywillsufferifglobalwarmingiscurbed

D.peoplehavenoconfidenceinsolvingproblemofglobalwarming

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问：根据作者(的观点)，全球变暖是什么？根据原文第一段可知，在夏季正式开始的前两周，一股热浪席卷了美国东部三分之一的地区和加拿大，将气温推高至华氏90多度甚至100多度。在一项研究中，法国研究人员报告称，吸热的温室气体达到了42万年来的最高水平。在另一项研究中，美国科学家发现57种蝴蝶可能会改变它们的迁徙模式，以应对不断变化的热度。由此可见，全球变暖带来了很多问题和影响，它已经确确实实存在于我们身边。所以A选项“产生许多麻烦”表述正确。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题干询问：谈及全球变暖，美国民众是什么样的态度？A选项concerned表示“担忧的”；B选项indifferent表示“漠不关心的”；C选项worried表示“担心的”；D选项frightened表示“害怕的”。根据第二段最后两句可知，尽管气温不断攀升，但美国人比以往任何时候都更不关心对抗全球变暖的问题，越是谈论全球变暖的问题，公众的担忧就越少。由此可见，大众并不关心对抗全球变暖一事，所以他们对于这件事的态度应是漠不关心的，即indifferent。故本题正确答案为B选项。

第3题:3.推理判断题。题干询问：民众对全球变暖的反应主要是什么原因造成的？根据题干关键信息可定位到原文第三段，产业集团发起了广告宣传活动，以破坏《京都议定书》的签署。与此同时，这些广告让人们相信全球变暖的问题不存在或解决这个问题的需要的成本太高，因此大众才会对全球变暖问题漠视。由此可知，广告宣传是大众有如此反应的根本原因，故B选项“产业集团的广告宣传”是本题的正确答案。

第4题:4.细节事实题。题干询问下列哪项在文中没有提及？根据第四段第一句“EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue”可知，环保主义者也批评克林顿总统没有推动这个问题的解决，说明美国政府应当为公众对于全球变暖的态度负部分责任，故C选项正确。但文章未提到环保主义者要敦促总统去解决全球变暖问题。所以，A选项表述错误。工业团体发布广告宣传来破坏《京都议定书》的签署并且误导大众，说明他们并不关心全球变暖问题，也说明《京都议定书》确实能对全球变暖进行遏制，所以B、D选项正确。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

第5题:5.推理判断题。题干询问：从文中可以推断出什么信息？根据原文第四段可知，作者指出，环保人士批评克林顿总统的做法，并引用环保者的表述“Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness.Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.（胆小的领导人传达的是绝望，从而导致人们的冷漠。）”。因此，作者认为克林顿总统的领导不力产生了很糟糕的影响，故B选项表述正确。A选项中通过污染来解决环保问题并不是环保人士的观点，所以表述错误。C选项指出全球变暖被遏制，美国的经济会受影响。原文只是表明工业团体通过广告宣传破坏《京都议定书》，说明这些工业团体利益会受损，但并不是指整个经济会受影响，故表述错误。D选项表述人们对解决全球变暖问题没有信心，原文信息指出的是大家对这一问题漠不关心，所以D选项也错误。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

27.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。onone’sheels是固定短语，意思是“紧随其后”。选项D符合题意。句意：小偷到处逃窜，当地警察穷追不舍。

28.单选题

WhenJackwaseighteenhe（）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

问题1选项

A.tookto

B.tookup

C.tookfor

D.tookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项taketo“喜欢；走向；开始从事”；B选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据”；C选项takefor“认为；以为”；D选项takeon“承担；呈现；接纳”。句意：杰克十八岁时，……和一群奇怪的人来往，而且很晚才回家。本句是说杰克在这个年龄段的行为，可理解为是一种喜好，A选项符合句意。

29.单选题

TheOlympicGamesweretelecast（）allovertheworld.

问题1选项

A.incidentally

B.separately

C.simultaneously

D.especially

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便；偶然地；附带地”；B选项separately“分别地；分离地”；C选项simultaneously“同时地”；D选项especially“特别；尤其；格外”。句意：全世界都在……转播奥运会。转播奥运会，说明是同时发生的动作，因此C选项正确。

30.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizespatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerXdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis

B.Managercannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions

C.Managerintuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由题干中关键词seniormanagers定位到文章第三段。第三段说到seniormanagers在五个不同方面使用直觉，其中第一点、第三点和第五点分别对一个选项B、C和A，因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。本题定位段十分明确。A选项“他们批评管理人员没有遵循经典的理性决策模式”源自本段中“Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality”，一些作者认为直觉位于理性决策的对立面，但并未提及这些作者批评管理人员的行为；B选项“他们的分析并没有建立在足够大的实际管理者样本的基础上”在本段中并未提及；C选项“他们依赖于管理者说了什么得出结论，而不是管理者做