高中英语选择性必修三 新新同步课时强化训练 Unit 4 Grammar-The present perfect continuous tense案

PeriodThreeGrammar—Thepresentperfectcontinuoustense语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(1)...thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.(2)Wearenowcampedontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive...(3)Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays，butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.以上句子都用了现在完成进行时，其构成为：have/has＋been＋现在分词，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作。语法精析一、现在完成进行时1．构成：have/has＋been＋现在分词2．用法(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和allthisweek，thismonth，allnight，allthemorning，recently等时间状语以及since和for引导的时间状语连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。I’vebeenwritinglettersallthismorning.整个上午我一直在写信。Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?你在这里住了多久了？(2)有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用于瞬间动词。He’sbeenshavingsincelastyear.他从去年开始就一直刮脸。Youhavebeensayingforayearthatyouwillstudyabroad.整整一年你都在说要出国学习。3．现在完成进行时中时间状语的省略现在完成进行时在上下文清楚时亦可不用时间状语。这种现在完成进行时多指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，并往往含有一种直接的结果。You’vebeenworkingtoohard.你工作太辛苦了。(直接结果可能是你一定很累了)You’vebeensmokingagain.你又抽烟了。(暗含结果是你身上有烟味)4．现在完成进行时的感情色彩现在完成进行时和其他进行时态一样，也可以带有感情色彩。Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforalongtime.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天发生太多事了。二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较：1．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他见面吗？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近见过他吗？2．现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)3．现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?谁一直在吃橘子呀？(还剩余一些)Whohaseatentheoranges?谁把橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)4．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状态的动词：be，have，exist等；表示感情的动词：like，love等；表示感觉的动词：see，hear，know等。IhavelikedjazzsinceIwasateenager.从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。Ihaveknownherforalongtime.我认识她已经很长时间了。5．与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Ithasn’trainedforsixweeks.,已经六个星期没下雨了。,Ithasbeenrainingsinceyesterdayanditisstillraining.,从昨天起，雨就没停过，而且现在还在下。))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o’clock.,从十二点后，他已经给我打了五次电话。,Hehasbeenringingmeupallthemorning.,他整个上午一直在给我打电话。))6．这两种时态都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，可以说是现在完成时的强调形式。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Wehavelivedherefortenyears.我们在这里住了十年了。7．在没有时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作到现在已经结束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.学生们一直在为考试做准备。(还在进行)Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.学生们为考试做了准备。(已经结束)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Shehasbeenreciting(recite)thewordsalltheevening.2．Ihavetold(tell)hermanytimes，butshestillmakesthesamemistake.3．Hehasbeenwaiting(wait)foryouforawholeday.4．SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveeverseen(see)．5．Itisthefirsttimethatshehasread(read)suchaninterestingbook.6．Youhavebeensitting(sit)atthecomputerallday.Youmustbetired.7．Thetwofriendshavebeenchatting(chat)ontheInternetforthreehours.8．Themanagerhasbeentelling(tell)theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.Ⅱ.语法填空TheheatwavethatbrokehightemperaturerecordsinfiveEuropeancountriesaweekagoisnowoverGreenland,9.(cause)thesurfaceoftheisland’svasticesheettomeltatnear­recordlevelsandahuge10.(lose)oficeintheArctic.OnWednesdayalone，morethan10billiontonsoficewaslosttotheoceansbysurfacemelt，whichisequal11.about4,000,000Olympic­sizedswimmingpools，saidRuthMottram，aclimatescientistwiththeDanishMeteorologicalInstitute.Melting12.(increase)inrecentdecadesbecauseofclimatechangeandhasbeendecreasingaccumulationfromsnow.Previously，duringthe1970sandthe1980s，Greenlandlost13.averageof50billiontonsoficeeachyear.From2010to2018，thatfigureshotupto290billiontons14.(annual)．Thissummer，theextentofthemeltcouldsurpass(超过)therecordsetin2012,15.about97%oftheicesheetssurfacebegantomelt.NASA­JPLCaltechreportedatthetime.Greenland，theworld’slargestisland,16.(lie)betweentheAtlanticandArcticoceans，with82percentofitssurface17.(cover)inice.AJune2019studybyscientistsintheU．S.andDenmarksaidmeltingiceinGreenlandalonewilladdbetween5and33centimeterstotherising18.(globe)sealevelsbytheyear2100.IfalltheiceinGreenlandmelted，whichwouldtakecenturies，theworld’soceanswouldriseby7.2meters.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在五个欧洲国家打破高温纪录的热浪导致格陵兰岛表面巨大的冰盖以接近纪录的水平融化。9．答案causing解析考查非谓语动词。cause与其逻辑主语Theheatwave为主谓关系，表示主动，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填causing。10．答案loss解析考查名词。此处作动词cause的宾语用名词形式，故填loss。11．答案to解析考查介词。beequalto为固定搭配，意为“等同于”，故填to。12．答案hasincreased/hasbeenincreasing解析考查时态。inrecentdecades暗示此处应使用现在完成时(表示过去的动作对现在的影响)或现在完成进行时(强调动作从过去一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去)，故填hasincreased/hasbeenincreasing。13．答案an解析考查冠词。anaverageof表示“平均……”，故填an。14．答案annually解析考查副词。修饰动词短语shootup用副词，故填annually。15．答案when解析考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为2012，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。16．答案lies解析考查时态和主谓一致。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为Greenland，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填lies。17．答案covered解析考查非谓语动词。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构。82percentofitssurface与cover之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作宾补，故填covered。18．答案global解析考查形容词。修饰名词sealevels用形容词，故填global。基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattended(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.2．Thetwofriendshavebeenchatting(chat)ontheInternetforthreehours，andtheywillgoontillnextmorning.3．—Howlonghaveyoubeenworking(work)inthefactory?—Since1990.4．Inordertofindthemissingchild，villagershavebeendoing(do)alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.5．Themanagerhasbeentelling(tell)theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.Ⅱ.完成句子6．Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.Youhavebeencleaningtheclassroom，Ithink.你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。7．Youlookthinandtired.Youhavebeenworkingtoohard.你看起来又瘦又累，你近来工作一定很辛苦。8．Thegirlhaslostherkeys.Shecan’tfindthemanywhere.这个女孩丢了钥匙，她到处找都找不到。9．IhavebeenvisitingsomecitiesofChinathismonth.这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。10．Ihavebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours，butIhaven’tfinishedit.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解AEventhehardestdayscontainlessonsthatwillhelpyoubeabetterperson.Feelingdown？Considerthesethingstorememberwhenyou’rehavingabadday.Noonepromisedlifewouldbeperfect.Ifyoulookforperfection，you’llneverbecontent.Don’tconditionyourhappinessonmeetingeveryexpectationyousetforyourself.Itisgoodtobeambitious，butyou’llneverbeperfect.Ifyouexpectotherwise，yourlifewillbefilledwithdisappointments.Successdoesn’thappenovernight.Treesthatareslowtogrowbearthebestfruit.Don’tkidyourselfintothinkingsuccesswillcomequickly.Itisn’teasytobepatient，butanythingworthdoingrequirestime.Ifyougetfrustrated，remindyourselfwhyyourgoalisimportant.Thereisalessonineverystruggle.Andoncethestormisover，youwon’trememberhowyoumadeitthroughorhowyoumanagedtosurvive.Butonethingiscertain.Whenyoucomeoutofthestorm，youwon’tbethesamepersonwhowalkedin.That’swhatthisstorm’sallabout.Don’tcomplainabouthowterribleyourlifeis.Ifyousearchforthelessoninyourpresentstruggle，you’llbeabletomakepositivechangesthatwouldpreventsimilarsituationsinthefuture.Withouthardtimes，youwouldn’tappreciatethegoodones.Strengthdoesnotcomefromwinning.Yourstrugglesdevelopyourstrengths.Whenyougothroughhardshipsanddecidenottogivein，thatisstrength.Itishardtofindmuchtosmileaboutwhenyoufail，buthowelsewouldyouimproveyourself？Ifyoulookatfailureasapartofyourevolutionaryprocess，you’llstaypositiveandpursueyourgoalsforaslongasittakes.语篇解读本文为议论文。作者论述了人在失意时要记住几件事：生活本来就不完美；成功不是一蹴而就的；困难让我们成长；没有困境，就不会珍惜好时光。1．Whichofthefollowingsummarizesthispassagebest?A．Everypersonhastogothroughhardtimes.B．Perfectiondoesn’texistinlife.C．Weshouldacceptthefactthatlifeisnotperfect.D．Thingstorememberwhenyouarehavingabadday.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Considerthesethingstorememberwhenyou’rehavingabadday.”可知，本文告诉我们，当我们心情不好的时候，要考虑记住这些事。故D选项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A．Successwillcomequickly.B．Hardworkleadstosuccess.C．Successcallsforpatience.D．Confidenceisthefirststeptosuccess.答案C解析句意理解题。根据第三段得知成功不会一夜之间发生，长得慢的树结最好的果实，不要欺骗自己，认为成功很快到来，耐心并不容易，但是任何值得做的事情都需要时间。由此推知，画线句意为“成功需要耐心”。故C选项正确。3．WecanlearnfromParagraph4that.A．lessonsfromstrugglesmakeusstrongerB．allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasyC．weshouldforgethowwemanagedtosurviveD．similarsituationsinthefuturewillneverappear答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，每一次挣扎都有一个教训。一旦暴风雨过后，你不会记得自己是如何度过这次难关的、如何设法幸存的，但有一点确定无疑，当你走出暴风雨的时候，你不再是走进暴风雨的那个人。由此可知，从挣扎中吸取的教训使我们更加坚强。故A选项正确。4．Whichstatementagreeswiththepassage?A．Hardtimesmakeusloseheartandbeshortofcourage.B．Perseveranceintimeofhardshipsdevelopsourstrengths.C．Smileswhenyoufailwillnothelptoimproveyourself.D．Weshouldtrytoavoidfailuresintheevolutionaryprocess.答案B解析细节理解题。从最后一段可知：没有困境，就不会珍惜好时光。困难才能让人学会坚强，而不是成功。B项(在困难时期，毅力激发我们的力量)符合本文主旨。故B选项正确。B“Ididn’thearthemcallmyname，”explainedShelleyHennigtoActiveTeens(AT)whenshetalkedaboutthatexcitingmomentonnationaltelevisionwhenshewonthehonorofMissTeenUSA2004.“Areyouready？”iswhatsheheard.Thenshesaid，“Ishookmyheadno，andthentheysaid‘yes’anditwasannouncedagain.”Itwasfourdaysafterthatlife­changingmomentfortheseventeen­year­oldhighschoolstudentfromDestrehan，Louisiana—shewasstilloncloudnine.“Iwassoshocked！Ineverbelievedthatitcouldactuallyreallyhappen.”Presentintheaudiencethatdaywere：hermotherandfather，olderbrother，herfriends，andherdanceteacher.ATaskedwhyherdanceteacherhadtraveledsofartoseehercompete.“She’salwaysbeenmyrolemodel.I’vedancedwithhersinceIwassix.She’sbeenthroughsomanydifficultiesandcamethroughthemall.I’velearnedtogetoverbadlife’sexperiencesandlearnedhowtomoveonbecauseofher.”Oneofthosebadlife’sexperiencesforShelleyhappenedthreeyearsagowhenherbrotherBradwaskilledinadrunkdrivingaccident.Hewas18.AsMissTeenUSA，shetraveledaroundthestatespeakingtoteensaboutthedangersofdrinkinganddriving.InherroleasMissTeenUSA，Shelleywillcontinuetospeaktoyouthaboutsafedriving，togetherwithmanyotherthingstohelptheteenagers.WhenATaskedShelleyifshehadanyadviceforourreaders，shesaid，“Don’tletanyonechangeyou.Hangoutwithpeoplethatmakeyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.Thatway，itiseasytobeyourself.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了Shelley当选为美国妙龄小姐后走遍了全国，向青少年宣传酒后驾车的危害。作为美国妙龄小姐，Shelley会继续向青少年宣传安全驾驶，以及其他有益于青少年的事。5．Theunderlinedphrase“oncloudnine”inParagraph2probablymeans“very”．A．frightened B．happyC．troubled D．angry答案B解析词义猜测题。由第一、二段可知，Shelley一直沉浸在高兴中无法自拔，所以“oncloudnine”意思是“非常高兴的”，故选B。6．Shelleytakesherdanceteacherasarolemodelmainlybecausesheis.A．determined B．friendlyC．strict D．experienced答案A解析推理判断题。由第四段中的“She’sbeenthroughsomanydifficultiesandcamethroughthemall.I’velearnedtogetoverbadlife’sexperiencesandlearnedhowtomoveonbecauseofher.”可知，Shelley以她的舞蹈老师为榜样是因为她的舞蹈老师是一个意志坚定的人，故选A。7．WhatdidShelleyoftendoaftershebecameMissTeenUSA?A．Shemadespeechesonsafedriving.B．Sheoftengavedanceperformances.C．Sheusuallyvisiteddrunkendrivers.D．Shehelpedteenswiththeirstudies.答案A解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“AsMissTeenUSA，shetraveledaroundthestatespeakingtoteensaboutthedangersofdrinkinganddriving.”可知，Shelley当选为美国妙龄小姐后，她经常进行安全驾驶的演讲，故选A。8．WhatsuggestiondoesShelleygivetoAT’sreaders?A．Haveagoodrolemodelforthemselves.B．Meettheirfriendswheneverit’spossible.C．Alwaysbenicetothemselvesandothers.D．Bethemselveswiththesupportofothers.答案D解析细节理解题。由最后一段可知，Shelley给读者的建议是不要让任何人改变自己，和支持自己的人在一起，故选D。Ⅳ.七选五Onmanywebsitesproductivityexpertsshareadviceonhowtoachieveyourcareerandlifegoals.Manyexpertsagreeononething：1Herearefourideasonhowtostartyourdayoffright.Getupanhourearly.InAmericanEnglish，weliketosay，“Theearlybirdgetstheworm.”Thisexpressionmeansthatpeoplewhoriseupearlyhaveaheadstartand，therefore，aremorelikelytosucceed.2Oneofthemis“Earlytobed，earlytorise，makesamanhealthy，wealthyandwise.”3YouseeaFacebookpostfromafriendandheisangryaboutsomepoliticalissueandtheheateddiscussionpullsyouin.Beforeyouknowit，anhourhaspassed!Youhurryoutthedoorsoasnottobelateforwork.Thisisnotthebestwaytostartyourday.Exercise!Physicalfitnessexpertsoftensuggests