2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号52

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Depressed,overworkedand______bythosepeoplewhomheowedmoneyto,hedecidedtoputanendtohisproblems.

问题1选项

A.bewitched

B.bewildered

C.besmirched

D.beset

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bewitched“（使）鬼迷心窍；（使）着迷，陶醉”；B选项bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项besmirched“弄脏；诽谤，玷污”；D选项beset“困扰；镶嵌；围绕”。句意：他情绪低落，工作过度，被那些欠他钱的人所困扰，他决定做个了结。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Sometaxonomists,particularlythoseworkinginherbariaandprovidinganidentificationservice,doneedsuch_______.

问题1选项

A.approach

B.confidence

C.faith

D.expertise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B选项confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C选项faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠实”；D选项expertise“专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见”。句意：一些分类学家，特别是那些在标本室工作并提供鉴定服务的分类学家，确实需要这样的专业知识。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Imagineadiseasespreadingacrosstheglobe,killingmostlymiddle-agedpeopleorleavingthemchronicallydisabled.Thenonedayresearcherscomeupwithadrugthatcanpreventsomeofthedisease’snastiereffects.Youwouldthinktheworld’sageingpublicwouldbeeternallygrateful.

Thediseasedoesexist.Itiscalledtobaccoaddiction.Thedrugtooisrealandinanimaltestshaspreventedlungdamagethatleadstoemphysema.Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.

Onthefaceofittheseresponsesmakesense.Itisingrainedinsocietythatsmokershaveonlythemselvestoblameandtheirsalvationliesinasimpleactofwill.Iftheywillnotquitsmoking,theycannotexpecthelpfromanyoneelse.

Butthislogicisflawed.Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.IntheUK,theproportionofpeoplewhosmokehasnotfalleninadecade.Tobaccohasapowerfulgrip,andmanysmokerarecaughtinatraptheycannotescape:theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.

Thisreasoningishardformanytoswallow.Itcertainlyleavesgovernmentsandanti-smokinggroupsinabind.Theyarehappytopaylipservicetomethodsforreducingharm—ofwhichthreeareagrowingnumber—buttheyareslowtocreatepoliciesbaseduponthem.EuropeanUnioncountries,forexample,tookyearstoevenconsiderregulatingthedangerousadditivesincigarettes.

Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.Butthatmessagewon’tchange,inthepresentcase,evenifbothdrugsturnouttoworkinhumantrials,theywouldnotprotectagainstallthedeadlysideeffectsofsmoking.Andthedrugsdonothavetobefreetoall.Theycouldbeavailableonlyonprescriptionforpeoplewhodoctorsbelievegenuinelycannotgiveup.

Therearethingsthatnodrugaimedatharmreductionwilleverbeabletodo.Itwillnotcutpassivesmokingorstoptobaccocompaniespersuadingmillionsofteenagerstolightup.Forthesereasonsallotherwaystocountersmokingmustcontinue,frombanningtobaccoadvertisingtoraisingtobaccotaxes.Butitwouldbeamistaketoignoretheharmreductionmeasures.Forthosewhoarenotconvinced,forgetsmokersforamoment.Preventivedrugscouldalsohelpnon-smokers,especiallythoseworkinglonghoursas,say,musiciansandbarstaffinsmokyrooms.Shouldwedenythemtoo?

1.Thestatement“Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets”impliesthat______.

2.Theauthorarguesthat______.

3.Theauthoristryingtoemphasizethatthedrugs______.

4.Thedrugs,accordingtotheauthor,areexpected______.

5.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.thedrugshavereceivedsuspicion

B.theinventorsjustpresentedasideshow

C.itwilltaketimeforthepublictoacceptthenewdrug

D.theeffectsofthedrugneedfurthertestonhumantrials

问题2选项

A.nosmokerisexpectedtosucceedinquitting

B.smokersdeservetheharmsmokingdoestothem

C.smokerswithresolutiontostopsmokingneedhelp

D.smokerscouldsucceedwithstrongresolutiontogiveup

问题3选项

A.aremainlyaimedatyoungsters

B.shouldbeavailabletosmokersfreeofcharge

C.willnotchangethemessagethattobaccokills

D.helpregulatethedangerousadditivesincigarettes

问题4选项

A.toperformpreventivefunctionsinnon-smokers

B.toreducethenumberofpassivesmokers

C.toenforcethecombatagainstsmoking

D.alloftheabove

问题5选项

A.withinnovativedrugssmokerscanstillenjoypersonalgratificationsandstayhealthy

B.ifadrugcansavelives,weshouldn’twithholditwithoutgoodreason

C.thebattleagainstsmokingisfarfromwon

D.therewillbeasafewaytosmoke

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.（但是这些发明家没有收到任何花束。流行的医学观点似乎是，药物只是次要的，它分散了吸烟者的任务，戒烟。另一种可以保护吸烟者不患癌症的实验性药物也受到怀疑，因为它可以给吸烟者一个不戒烟的借口。）”，由此可知这些发明家发明的药物受到人们的怀疑，所以A选项“这些药物已经受到怀疑”符合题意。B选项“发明家只是表演了一个小插曲”；C选项“公众接受这种新药需要一段时间”；D选项“药物的效果需要进一步的人体试验”都与题干无关。因此A选项正确。

2.观点态度题。根据第四段“Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.（然而，即使使用尼古丁口香糖、贴片和药物来缓解这种折磨，戒烟率仍然低于10%。）”可知A选项“预计没有烟民会成功戒烟”错误；根据第四段最后一句“theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.（他们和其他任何疾病一样，有机会减少烟草对他们的危害。）”可知B选项“吸烟者应该受到吸烟所造成的伤害”说法错误；根据第四段“Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.（对吸烟者进行调查，你会发现三分之二的人想要戒烟，三分之一的人在前一年已经尝试过了）”以及“theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.（他们和其他任何疾病一样，有机会减少烟草对他们的危害。）”可知C选项“决心戒烟的人需要帮助”正确；D选项“吸烟者可以通过坚定的决心戒烟成功”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

3.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.Butthatmessagewon’tchange,inthepresentcase,evenifbothdrugsturnouttoworkinhumantrials,theywouldnotprotectagainstallthedeadlysideeffectsofsmoking.（一种担心是，减少烟草危害的方法会淡化烟草致人死亡的信息——尤其是对青少年而言。但在目前的情况下，这一信息不会改变，即使这两种药物在人体试验中都有效，它们也不能预防吸烟的所有致命副作用。）”可知作者强调该药物不会改变烟草致人死亡的信息，所以C选项“不会改变烟草致人死亡的信息”正确。A选项“主要针对年轻人”说法错误，该药物针对的是所有烟民；B选项“应该免费提供给吸烟者”说法错误，文章提到“Andthedrugsdonothavetobefreetoall.Theycouldbeavailableonlyonprescriptionforpeoplewhodoctorsbelievegenuinelycannotgiveup.（而且药物并不一定要对所有人免费。只有医生认为真正不能放弃的人才能买到这种药。）”；D选项“帮助控制香烟中的危险添加剂”文章没有提到，因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Forthesereasonsallotherwaystocountersmokingmustcontinue,frombanningtobaccoadvertisingtoraisingtobaccotaxes.（出于这些原因，从禁止烟草广告到提高烟草税，所有其他抵制吸烟的方式都必须继续下去。）”，由此可知该药物将会加强反对吸烟的斗争，所以C选项“加强反对吸烟的斗争”正确。A选项“对不吸烟者起到预防作用”，文章提到“Preventivedrugscouldalsohelpnon-smokers（预防性药物也可以帮助不吸烟者）”，并没有提到预防作用，只说会有帮助，A选项错误；B选项“减少被动吸烟的数量”说法错误，文章最后一段提到“Itwillnotcutpassivesmokingorstoptobaccocompaniespersuadingmillionsofteenagerstolightup.（它不会减少被动吸烟，也不会阻止烟草公司劝说数百万青少年吸烟。）”；D选项“以上都是”。因此C选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲了能预防吸烟带来的不良后果的药物。文章提到这种药物受到很多质疑，并且一一回答了它们。文章最后一段提到有些东西是任何药物都无法做到的，所以呼吁人们提高禁烟意识，并且参与到禁烟活动中去。由此可知人们的反对禁烟的斗争还远未取得胜利，所以C选项“反对禁烟的斗争还远未取得胜利”正确。A选项“有了创新药物，吸烟者仍然可以享受个人满足和保持健康”说法错误，文章并没有提到这一观点；B选项“如果一种药物可以挽救生命，我们不应该没有充分的理由就拒绝它”，文章也没有提到，且人们对新药物持质疑态度也是可行的；D选项“将会有一个更安全的吸烟方式”并不是文章所侧重的，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

______,forwhommanyyoungmenarecrazy.

问题1选项

A.Herethemoviestarcomes

B.Herecomesthemoviestar

C.Themoviestarcomeshere

D.Comesherethemoviestar

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。本题主要考查“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句。当关系代词充当定语从句中的某一介词宾语时，通常把介词提前，用“介词+关系代词”来引导定语从句。介词前置时，whom指人，which指物。本题用的是whom，因此先行词应是前面的moviestar，因此moviestar必须作为前半句的宾语来承接后面的从句，故排除A选项、C选项，B选项Herecomes...，看见某人、某物正朝自己这边来时用该句。此句语序是倒装，“come”应与其后面的名词保持主谓一致，有时名词也可以放在“come”前面。D选项Comeshere意为“来这里”，为祈使句，根据句意：电影明星来了，许多年轻人为他疯狂。可知B选项正确。

5.单选题

Thefather,whowasilliterate,saidtohissonthathewas______dogtolearnnewtricks.

问题1选项

A.tooolda

B.atooold

C.soolda

D.asoold

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。根据句意可知本题主要考查too...todo“太……而不能……”，故可排除C选项和D选项。too＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋todo/tobedone，这个句型在too＋形容词后再接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放在形容词后，只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语是动词不定式的执行者时，用todo主动式，当主语是动词不定式的承受者时，则用tobedone被动式。句意：那位父亲不识字，对他儿子说自己简直就是一只老狗，哪还学得了什么新把戏。所以该句中应用tooolda...而不用atooold...，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

问题1选项

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

问题2选项

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

问题3选项

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

问题4选项

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

问题5选项

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潜在的奖励肯定是闪闪发光的。在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。随着时间的推移，基因测试使人们能够选择合适的治疗方法和生活方式来战胜疾病。在这两者之间，还有更诱人的前景：数以千计的新药可以治疗以前无法治疗的疾病；为个人量身定制的药物，副作用少得多，能够替换有缺陷的基因，从源头上消除疾病。）”，由此可知题干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究，即它可以治疗遗传疾病，所以C选项“真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究”符合题意。A选项“追寻人类的生命密码肯定会引发很多争论”；B选项“真正的工程没有履行一些医疗承诺”以及D选项“基因研究的潜在回报实际上被证明是很小的”文章都没有提及，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuineengineering.（在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遗传给下一代，B选项“防止有缺陷的基因传递给下一代”更符合题意。A选项“开发适合每个人的副作用更少的药物”；C选项“为以前无法治疗的疾病开发药物”；D选项“找出治疗绝症的最佳疗法”。因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到第三段第一句话“Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.（但美国国家人类基因组研究所所长弗朗西斯•柯林斯博士表示，将碱基对数据转化为新疗法的黄金数据的工作已经开始。）”，再联系下文可知，基因工程正在实施中，因此A选项“基因工程的实际工作正在进行中”符合题意。B选项“摆脱有缺陷的基因被证明是一项艰巨的任务”和C选项“找到新疗法的前景似乎很光明”不能从该句子体现出；根据第三段以及第四段“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear...Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.（我记录了一年中发现的与人类疾病有关的基因……私营公司也梳理了数据，寻找与糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癣和偏头痛有关的基因。）”可知文章只提到弗朗西斯•柯林斯博士和私营公司在收集人类基因组数据，并没有提到研究人员，因此D选项“研究人员已经开始收集人类基因组数据”说法错误。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段的最后一句话“However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在处理了重大伦理保留意见和对可能出现的意外结果的安全担忧之后，才允许对生命守则进行这种不可逆转的干预。）”，由此可知在试图干预人类基因时应注意伦理以及安全问题，所以A选项“涉及的道德问题”符合题意。B选项“被改变的异常基因”；C选项“寻找生命的密码”；D选项“保护健康基因”均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据珀维斯博士所说“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.（可能在很长一段时间以后，但这是基于人类相当傲慢的观点，即它会理解我们发现的一切——而我们过去从未这样做过。）”可知人们需要在很长一段时间后，并且是基于很傲慢的观点才会理解他们的发现，所以D选项“可能并不理解我们发现的一切”符合题意。A选项“比过去更傲慢”曲解了文意；B选项“在不久的将来能检测到所有的疾病”出现在文章最后一段“IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.（有人认为，一个勇敢的新世界正在等待着我们，在这个世界里，所有的疾病都可以通过每天将口腔拭子插入浴室橱柜里的DNA读取器来监测。）”，此处只是说有些人认为、有意见认为，并没有绝对地说人类将来能监测到所有疾病，因此B选项错误；C选项“了解我们的过去胜过了解我们的将来”在珀维斯博士所说的话中没有体现。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多艺).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

问题1选项

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

问题2选项

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

问题3选项

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

问题4选项

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

问题5选项

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段开头“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人们为什么要购买不断增补的《全国名人传记辞典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些评论家一样认为这本辞典不好。但是，它的价格高达65英镑，而且，你买了其他卷册了吗？你需要22卷基础册，加上每两年出版的增订卷，要买齐整套书就要买31册。）”，由此可知这本辞典每两年都要出增补卷，除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意义，所以C选项“除非你收藏了所有的书”正确。A选项“因为它不值这个价”也是原因之一，却不是主要原因；B选项“相比之前的版本，它收录的词条更少”与原文意思不符；D选项“除非增订版名人传记缩短出版时间”在文章中没有提及。因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（关于录取谁的问题，这是读者提出的问题，并且他们还将提出这样的问题。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入选让人担心……但是Crippen却没有当作值得一提的人物收录其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人惊讶的是，麦克斯•米勒被排除在名单之外，而这些名字实在不太容易记住。从中世纪开始，很多生平不详的艺术家和建筑师就有意识被收录其中。）”，由此可知D选项“编辑在选录人选上没有合理的依据”正确。A选项“编辑们有明确的规则要遵守”文章没有提到；B选项“条目中有太多的罪犯”说法错误，虽然文中有提到条目中有收录罪犯，但那只是作者为了阐述编辑们选录人选没有依据的一个例子，所以B选项错误；C选项“编辑们显然偏爱捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入选让人担心，他们受到的关注不亚于捐助者。）”，此处是为了强调人们对罪犯入选的关注不亚于捐助者，并不是强调编辑们偏爱捐助者，C选项不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（约翰•格罗斯显然也有类似的焦虑，因为他抱怨说，虽然凶手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能会回答说，绞死Evans而不是在失踪人口的条目上的Christie是不公正的。但后来克里朋被认为是第一个被电报抓获的杀人犯，他曾试图乘船逃往美国。）”。作者举出Crippen的例子，正是为了说明Crippen应该被收录进名人传记，结果却没有，作者自己也没有找出原因，因此C选项“原因不明”正确。A选项“因为他逃到了美国”说法错误，根据第三段最后一句话可知他只是试图逃到美国，并没有成功；B选项“因为死刑已被废除”和D选项“因为编辑的错误”文章均未提到，因此C选项正确。

4.判断推理题。作者在最后一段提到了辞典中包括的几个生平不详，而且是他认为被莫名其妙地收录辞典的人，用以说明他在第四段提到的观点，即编辑在收录人选时没有合理的依据。所以B选项“强调他的观点”正确。A选项“举例说明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C选项“打动读者的内容”和D选项“强调中世纪的人”都与文章意思不符，因此B选项正确。

5.观点态度题。结合文章，可知作者全文都在批评名人传记一书，如第一段作者说道“除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意义”，由此表示他觉得没有必要购买此书；又如后面作者提到该辞典的编辑在收录人选时没有合理的依据等等，都在表示作者对该书充满讽刺与批评。A选项“称赞的”；B选项“支持的”；C选项“讽刺的”；D选项“充满仇恨的”。由此可知C选项更符合题意。

8.单选题

BecausewehadeatenturkeyonThanksgivingforsomanyyears,wewonderedwhethersomeotherdishmightbeanequallytasty______.

问题1选项

A.alternative

B.alternation

C.altercation

D.allusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一；供替代的选择；替代品”；B选项alternation“交替，轮流，间隔”；C选项altercation“争论；争吵；争辩；口角”；D选项allusion“典故；暗指；提及；故事”。句意：由于这么多年来我们在感恩节时都吃火鸡，我们从未想过是否其他的饭菜会成为同样可口的替代。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Onestudentafteranother______uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

问题1选项

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词形式。以“one...afteranother”做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。句意：学生一个接一个地站起来回答老师的问题。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmsbangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat______.

3.Theauthoradmitsthat______.

4.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans______.

5.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor______.

问题1选项

A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

C.theattractionoffootball

D.theattractionofbaseball

问题2选项

A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

C.itisnotexcitingenough

D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

问题3选项

A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball

D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

问题4选项

A.thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame

B.evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult

C.thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell

D.theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit

问题5选项

A.likesfootball

B.hatesfootball

C.hatesbaseball

D.likesbaseball

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段简述了人们对棒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓；文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了棒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了棒球的魅力“Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheat