动词不定式的用法

动词不定式的用法概念：动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。-、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：

It+be+名词+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?It+be+形容词+b+todoItisdifficultforustofinishforswritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词,如：important,comfortable,thelast,thebest,notenougheasy,difficult,hard,possible,impossible,necessary,better;important,comfortable,thelast,thebest,notenoughthefirst,thenext,toomuch,toolittle,④It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless（欠考虑的；不考虑的）,brave,considerate（考虑周至1J的），selfish（自私的 ）等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于 Sbis＋形容词＋ todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.⑤Itseems（appears）+形容词+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1）其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型不定式作为句子主语时，动词用单数形式。当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用Itis…to的句型对应性：Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。二、作宾语以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语afford（付得起），agree（同意），aim（力求做到）,appear（显得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt（试图），care（想要），choose（决定），claim（声称），condescend（屈尊）,consent（准许），decide（决定），demand（要求），determine（决心），endeavor（竭力），expect:（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hesitate（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提出），plan（计戈U）,prepare（准备），pretend（假装），proceed（接着做），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），resolve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten（威胁），undertake（承诺），volunteer（自愿做），vow（发誓），want（想要），wish（希望）举例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。动词+疑问词+不定式decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell、 [4、J、, 4Pleaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们如何去做。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语 it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋ it＋补语＋todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.工作补语动词+宾语+不定式 （todo）adviseallowbelievecausechallengecompel（强迫,使不得不）declareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduce（引诱,劝导）instruct（命令,指示）invitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge（催促，鼓励）例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。Webelievehimtobeguilty.我们相信他是有罪的。find的特殊用法：find后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例题:Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。lie:躺过去式lay,过去分词lain,现在分词lying;lie:说谎过去式lied,过去分词lied,现在分词lying;lay:安放过去式laid,过去分词laid,现在分词laying;to+be的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge承认,供认,believe,consider,think, declare（声称），discover,fancy（设想），feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see（H解）,show,suppose,take（以为）,understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。tobe+形容词Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean--Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.Itisbelievedthat・・・人们认为这本书没什么意思。有些动词需用as短语做补语，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Marytookhimasherfather.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。四、作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMrWangisinteresting.④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而⑥句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。五、作状语1）目的状语To…onlyto（仅仅为了），inorderto,soasto,so（such）…asto如 以便……）Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.典型例题Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。Thewateristoocoldtodrink.（不用被动）六、作定语.不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.Doyouhaveanythingtobetaken(totake)toyoursister?Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：(1)表示将来的动作(例①)。(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系， 如是不及物动词，则需加介词(例④)。(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系， 同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。（4）不定式作定语时， 一般可转换为定语从句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。七．省to的动词不定式介绍情态动词（除ought外，oughtto意思是"应该"，是情态动词，只有一种形式，后边接动词不定式，to不能省略。oughtto没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来，由时间状语或上下文决定。例如：Theyoughttocometomorrow.他们明天应当来）：使役动词let,have,make：感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略 to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。在使役动词中get除外(getsb.todosth.)Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.表示个人意愿或倾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan置于句首时。Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.Why…/whynot・・・：help可带to，也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth：but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。由and,or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个 to可以省去：通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后，可以省去 tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他应该是个好人。but作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to，否则要带 to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.11）当两个或多个不定式短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,.nottomakeitmoredifficult.12）不定式做表语时，一般要带 to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。We'vemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.典型例题 Iusuallygotherebytrain. Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不带to的不定式，因此选 D。Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning答案：B.make后接不带to的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to不可省略。13，在口语中 ,为避免重复 ,常用"to"代替不定式结构,有时甚至可以把 to省略.如:①-DidyougotovisittheGreatWall-No,Iwantedto,buttherewasn'tenoughtime.动词不定式的否定式...nottodo...Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案： B。tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.Shepretended___mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen答案：A。pretend后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretendnottodosth.。Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：A。warnsbtodosth.的否定形式为warnsbnottodosth.此处用的是否定词never.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim .A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto答案：A。notto为nottodoit的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为bewarnednottodo。八、不定式的特殊句型不定式的特殊句型soasto表示目的；它的否定式是 soasnottodo。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。sokindasto---劳驾Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?劳驾，现在几点了。"Whynot+动词原形"表达向某人提出建议"为什么不……？""干吗不……？"例如：Whynottakeaholiday?干吗不去度假 ?It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。for与of的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用 of，不通则用 for。如：Youarenice.（通顺，所以应用of）。Heishard. （人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。）4、不定式的特殊句型too…to…too・•・to太•…以至于…Heistooexcitedtospeak.他太激动了，说不出话来。 CanIhelpyou?需要我帮忙吗? Well,I'mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。It'snevertoolatetomend.（谚语）改过不嫌晚。当too前面有only,all,but时，意思是：非常…等于very。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高兴能帮助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。[动词不定式的 "to"与介词的"to"区别]to有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词 +名词/动名词,to在下面的用法中是介词，即to+名词/动名词：admitto承认，confessto承认，beaccustomedto习惯于，beusedto习惯于，stickto坚持，turnto开始，着手于，devoteoneselfto献身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意，contributeto,objectto介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无 do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.九、动词不定式与动名词区别与联系动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的接不定式或动名词，意义相同3)在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：Ourteachersdon'tpermitour/usswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdon'tpermitustoswiminthelake.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：Don'tforgettoposttheletterforme.HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组stoptodo/stopdoingforgettodo/forgetdoingremembertodo/rememberdoingregrettodo/regretdoingceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停止）/ceasedoing（短时间）trytodo（尽力）、trydoing（尝试）goontodogoondoingafraidtodo不敢去做某事afraidofdoing一向害怕做某事，表示习惯interestedtodo对某事感兴趣，想了解、interesteddoing对某种想法感兴趣meantodo打算、、meandoing意味begin/starttodobegin/startdoing十，动词不定式的时态 ,语态（1）时态①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后 ,有时表示同时发生.如:Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.（tobecome发生在hope之后）WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.（play和hear同时发生）②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 .如:I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如:TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.（2）语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者 ,不定式一般要用被动语态形式.如:It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主语 ）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主语）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作宾语）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired(不定式作定语 )Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.(不定式作状语)在Therebe结构中 ,修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动.如:Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同如:Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)不定式完成进行式与完成被动式的用法一、不定式被动式的用法不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式，往往取决于句子的意思，即意思上为主动就用主动形式，意思上为被动就用被动形式：Diditneedtobedonesosoon?这事需要这么快就做吗?Shecan'tbeartobelaughedat.她受不了被人嘲笑。Therewasbusinesstobetakencareof.有生意要人管理。Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否正确，以后见分晓。Therewasalotofrubbishtobegotridof.有大量垃圾需要扔掉。二、不定式完成被动式的用法不定式的完成被动式表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作：I’mpleasedtohavebeengiventhisopportunity.给了我这次机会我很高兴。It’ssaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingdynasty.据说它是明朝修建的。不定式完成式的三种用法＞表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作Heseemstohavecaughtacold.他似乎感冒了。Ihatetohavequarreledwithher.我后悔和她吵架了。Ibelieveittohavebeenamistake.我相信这是一个错误。Youappeartohavetravelledquitealot.你似乎作过多次旅行。I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.对不起给了你这么多麻烦。It’ssaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingdynasty.据说它是明朝修建的。:、表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作Ihopetohavefinishedtheworkbynow.我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。工表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望Ishouldliketohavecomeearlier.我本想早点来的。Weweretohavebeenmarriedlastyear.我们本来打算去年结婚的。十年高考非谓语动词考题汇编.Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.tonoteatB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating. inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing B.HavinglostC.Lost D.Tolosewouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo BhavinggoneC.going D.tohavegone4.TheOlympicGames, in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayed B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplaying D.tobefirstplaying.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries, itthemostpopularsportsintheworld.A.making B.makes C.made D.tomake.Robertissaid abroad,butIdonknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor, ”Smoirsrsytoy0u;willcalllater”A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier, itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake10.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutThepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hanging C.hangs D.beinghungA thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.Given B.TOgive C.Giving D.HavinggivenAsIjoinedthebigcrowd,Igot frommyfriend.A.separatedB.spared C.lost D.missedsuchheavypollution,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.Tosleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.HavingsleptOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand them.A.correct B.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrectHavingatripabroadisgoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenItissaidinAustraliaTOC\o"1-5"\h\z19.thereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows .A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithitTheresearchissodesignedthatonce nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins B.beingbegunC.beginningD.begunThemotherdidn’tknow toblame

forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.who B.when C.how D.whatPricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingInordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestriving theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.making C.tohavemadeD.havingmadeQuiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisasterifamirrorwasdisasterifamirrorwasB.wasB.wasD.broken.A.wassureofstrikingsureofhavingstruckC.wassuretobestruckwassuretostrikeDon'tusewords,expressions,orphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedAcookwillimmediatelybefiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smokes—Whydidyougobacktotheshop?—1leftmyfriend___there.A.waiting B.towait C.wait D.waitsThemanager,___hisfactory'sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A.knowing B.knownC.toknow D.beingknownTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake31. time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.Havinggiven B.Togive C.Giving D.GivenItisbelievedthatifabookis ,itwillsurely thereader.A.interested ・・・interest B.interesting -beinterestedC.interested ・・・beinteresting D.interesting ・・・interestThediscoveryofnewevidenceledtoA.thethief???havingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking, accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedMr.Smith, ofthe speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring;boringLawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents .A.worriedB.toworryC.worrying D.worrySarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangeWhenfirst tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced"Wecan'tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob, outofthewindow.A.looking B.tolookC.looked D.havinglookedHelenhadtoshout abovethesoundofthemusic.makingherselfheartomakeherselfhearmakingherselfheard D.tomakeherselfheardReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.toform B.form C.forming D.havingformedItshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen atthemeetingbymyboss)A.questioning B.havingquestionedC.questioned D.tobequestionedAlicereturnedfromthemanager'soffice, methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.A.havingtoldB.tellsC.totell D.tellingMyadvisorencouraged asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.TohavewaitedLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany, as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknownHelookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting．Don’tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth.ArunBrunningCbeingrunDtorunThemaninsisted ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofind C.onfinding D.infindingAmanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe murderlastnight.A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admittedTheoldman, abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only thefilmstarshadleft.A．totellB．tobetoldC．tellingD．toldHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime theexam.A．passB．topassC．passedD．passing theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedYouweresillynot yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked w