初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题

浅谈初中英语虚构语气的用法一．语气的观点英语动词不单有时态、语态等的变化，并且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态同样都是英语的语法现象。从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的见解和态度。根听说话人的企图，语气可分3种：⑴直陈语气（又叫陈说语气）——用来陈说事实（或发问题）等。能够用于陈说句，也能够用于疑问句或叹息句。⑵祈使语气——用来提出恳求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。⑶虚构语气——见下边。语气和时态是截然相反的观点，但语气要经过动词的时态形式表示出来。二．虚构语气㈠观点往常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假定、虚构、主观梦想或建议等。能够用于陈说句，也能够用于疑问句等。㈡动词形式虚构语气的动词形式大部分状况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时能够一律用were。㈢应用⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假定，或可能性很小的状况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式以下：从句主句对此刻或未来的状况假定时过去式would+动词原形对过去的状况假定时had+done（过去达成时）would+have+done例：1）IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.2）Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?3）Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.4）Ifhehadn’tbeenstrictwithhimself,hewouldn’thavemadesuchprogress.⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观梦想，不行能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的状况。宾语从句谓语动词依据详细状况常可用一般过去时，过去未来时或过去达成时等。比如：1）IwishthatIcouldhelphimnow.我此刻假如能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望此刻能帮上他！（言下之意：我此刻帮不上他，没能力帮助他）2）IwishIcouldcomeheretomorrow.明日我假如能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明日根本不行能来这儿，或我明日能来这儿的可能性很小）3）Wewishhehadn’tgone.他假如没有走该多好啊！⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。句型为：suggest(ed)that(should)+动词原形（should可省略）1）Hesuggeststhatwe(should)visitthemuseum.Wesuggestedthathe_____hereeveryday.虚构语气的几种特别用法1.免却if的条件从句构造：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,)2.有时虚构条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连结词或定语从句来表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,

)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,

)例句：Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thave过been去]sosuccessfully.[（=>可变换为：Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,）weYournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨识的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[未来](=>可变换为：Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease过.[去](=>可变换为：IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.五、虚构语气的其余用法1、Suggest,advise等动词以后宾语从句须用虚构语气，其句子构造以下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,+that(should)+动词原形devide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此构造中that不行省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that指引的从句仍用虚构语气。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.假如that指引的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈说语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that指引的从句须用虚构语气，其句子构造以下：imperative,advisable,动词达成式Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+thatessential,strange,等动词原形Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctorItisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.

(should)+’sorders.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与此刻事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去达成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形—与未来事实相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的差别在于：hope表示一般能够实现的希望，宾语从句用陈说语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚构语气。试比较：（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)指引的从句须用虚构语气，如：Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.5、It’s(high)timethat动词过+去式或should+动词原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.虚构语气专项练习题(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.D.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,they____speakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(3)_____today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave(4).IfJone____tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?D.hadnotcome(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?”“Youmeantosay_____,youwould'vehelpedher?”A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyou(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem_____.(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,_____tohim?C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk(8).IfIlivedinthecity,I____travelincrowededbuses,butI_____toseelotsoffilms.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.D.wouldhavehad(11)._____yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.D.Butfor(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”“Onlythatifhe____amillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”“Iwouldhave____Ididn'thavethemoney.A.stillB.”(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong_____.”(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwe_____televisiononweeknights.C.notbewatchingD.havenotwatchD.speak(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?’“Yes,verymuch.IwishI_____havetoleavesosoon.”A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”

”“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttime_____onsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided(19).I'dratheryou_____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.sayB.didn'tsayC.don'tsayD.notsay(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?”“Theteacherdemandsthateveryone_____inhisseatatsix.”(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlesthe_____it.(22).“howdoesthelibrarianact?”“”(23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendrivers_____severelypunished.(24).Iwishyou______interruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.D.didnot(25).Henrytalkstohisdogasifit____him.(27).Givehermybestregards,________.(28).Therewasasuggestionbytheteachersthatthemeeting______postponedforaweek.D.shouldbe(29).Itishighlydesirablethateveryeffort______toreducepollutioninBeijing.(30).Themanagerwouldratherthathiswife_____workinthesameofficeashedose.D.willnot(31).Theteacherinsistedthatweall___backbytwoo'clock.(32).Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishI____there.(33).Itishightimewe____drugtrafficking.(贩毒)D.shoulddoawaywith()1.Ifmyfather______herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.A.were,wouldB.were,willC.is,will()2.He____learnquicklyifhe____har