中考英语总复习介词教案

中考英语总复习介词教案中考英语总复习介词教案中考英语总复习介词教案V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考中考英语总复习介词教案日期：20xx年X月爱学社学习交流中心古之成大事者,不惟有超士之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。Everyonecanbesuccessful,buttherearesomanydifferentonecouldmakeitcometrue,it'suptoyourself!Justtryyourbesttodoit!第二次课一．主要内容介词的分类，用法及区别二．知识要点介词的分类①根据介词的构成形式分类简单介词由一个词构成的介词称为简单介词at，in，on，or，near，after，with，before…B.合成介词由两个词合成的介词称为合成介词inside，outside，onto，into，nearby，without……C.双重介词由两个简单介词重叠在一起构成的介词称为双重介词fombehind，untilafter，fromamong……D.短语介词由一个或者几个简单介词和一个或者几个其他词类组合而成的介词称为短语介词athebackof，insteadof，inplaceof，onthepointof，thanksto……E.V-ing形式介词在英语中一部分V-ing式具备介词性质，在很多情况下将它们视为介词。including，onsidering，regarding②根据介词的意义分类表示时间的介词at，on，in，about，around，between，before，since……表示地点方位的介词at，under，beside，inside，closeto，off，down，beyond，along……C.表示手段施动者的介词like,with,in,byD.表示其他含义的介词except，esides，insteadof介词短语的句法功能介词和名词，代词，数词，副词，从句，v-ing形式一起构成介词短语，介词短语可以在句中作主语，表语，补足语，定语，状语，插入语等。做主语FromShanghaitoLosAngelsisabout17hoursflight.从上海到洛杉矶要飞行大约17个小时。做表语Myfatherwasinthearmytwoyearsago.两年前我父亲在部队。Thisbookwillbeofgreatusetoyou.这本书对你会有很大的用处。做补足语Whenshewokeup，shefoundherselfinhospital.当她醒来时，她发现自己躺在医院里。HeisconsideredasthegreatestleaderinChina.他被认为是中国最伟大的领袖。做定语Thebookonthedeskisveryinteresting.书桌上的那本书很有趣。TheyoungmanfromGuilinismyuncle.从桂林来的那位年轻人是我叔叔。Wevisitedthemuseuminthecentreofthecity.我们参观了市中心的博物馆。做状语Classbeginsathalfpastseven.(时间)7时半开始上课。Hisparentsworkonafarm.(地点)他父母在农场工作。Shecameherebytrain.(方式)她乘火车来这里。Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.(原因)你不必为那件事担心。做插入语Hewastoocareless，inaword，hemadetoomanymistakes.他太粗心了，总之，他犯的错误太多了。介词的位置介词一般放在介词宾语之前（介词宾语：用在介词后的名词或相当于名词的词或者短语），但是在下列情况中，介词一般后置介词宾语为疑问代词时Whatareyouinterestedin你对什么感兴趣Whomdidhetalkwithjustnow刚才他在和谁说话感叹句中介词也可后置Whatgreattroublewearein！我们现在的麻烦可真大啊！介词宾语为关系代词时AllthatIaminterestedinistravelling.我所感兴趣的是旅行。被动句中含有介词的短语动词Thesickandtheoldherearetakengoodcareof.病人和老人在这里都被照顾的很好。Allthesethingswillbetalkedaboutnexttime.所有的一切将在下一次讨论。其他情况下Sheisanicegirltoworkwith.她是一个值得一起工作的好女孩。Themusicisworthlisteningtoonceagain.这首歌值得再听一遍。介词的用法和区别（1）时间介词的用法辨析①时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：inthemorning介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：onarainyday介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：atnoon介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如：by2o‘clock②时间介词in与after的用法辨析介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.③时间介词for与since的用法辨析介词for表示一段时间如：Ihavebeenlivingherefor10years.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如：Ihavebeenlivingheresince2000.④时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：Ihaven’tseenherforyears.⑤时间介词before与by的用法辨析介词before表示“在…之前”如：Hewon’tcomebackbeforefive.介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如：TheworkmustbefinishedbyFriday.⑥时间介词till与until用法的异同till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：Iwillwaittill（until）seveno'clock．till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。如：Tomdidn'tcomebacktill（until）midnight．till多用于普通文体，而until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。如：Untilhecomesback，nothingcanbedone．⑦不用介词表达时间的几种情况当表示时间的词前有this,that时，其前面不用介词，如：thismorning当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：nextSunday当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：lastSunday当表示时间的词前有one,any,each,every,some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：Youcancomeanyday.（2）方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析①方位介词on,over,above的用法辨析介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：Thebookisonthetable.介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：Isthereanybridgeovertheriver?

介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：Therewasanelectricclockabovehisbed.②方位介词under与below的用法辨析介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”，如：Theywereseenunderthetree.介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：Theylivebelowus.③方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：Shewentacrossthestreettomakesomepurchases.介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：Hefailedtogooverthemountain;hehadtogoroundit.介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someonehasjustgonepastthewindow.④方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析介词in表示“排、行、组”，如：WeareinTeamOne.介词on表示“左、右”，如：LiPingisonmyleft.介词at表示“前、后”，如：Isitatthefrontoftheclassroom.⑤方位介词to、for的用法辨析介词to表示目的地或去的目的，如：WilyoutakeatraintoTianjian.介词for表示动身去某地，如：HegotonatrainforShanghai.⑥地点介词at与in的用法辨析介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：Helivesatasmallvillage.介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：HelivesinBeijing.⑦地点介词at与on的用法辨析介词at用于门牌号，如：Helivesat,NanjingRoad.介词on用于路名，如：HelivesonNanjingRoad.⑧地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析介词in表示“包含”如：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canadaliesonthenorthofthe.介词to表示“没接触”如：FranceliestothesouthofEngland.（3）其他易混介词的用法辨析①动作介词to与toward的用法辨析介词to表示向某处移动，如：Theyweredrivingtoworktogether.介词toward表示移向某处，如：We'removingtowardthelight.②原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析介词because表示“因为；由于”指直接的、明确的原因，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。如：Theboywasabsentbecausehewasill.介词as表示“由于；鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。如：Shestayedathomeasshehadnocar.介词for表示“因为；由于”指一种间接原因，甚至只是一种附带的说明。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadiswet.③材料介词of和from的用法介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，如：Thedeskismadeofwood.介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，如：Wineismadefromgrapes.④表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析介词in表示“用材料、语言”如：CanyousayitinEnglish?

介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：withapen介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如：Hepreferstravelingbycar.⑤介词between与among的用法辨析介词between表示“在两者之间”如：Don’tsitbetweenthetwogirls.介词among表示“在…当中（三者或以上）”如：Theylivedamongthemountainsinthepast.⑥介词besides与except的用法辨析介词besides表示“除…之外（全部计算在内）”如：WehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang.介词except表示“除…之外（不计算在内）”如：WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass5.介词的常见搭配英语许多动词、形容词和名词都与特定的介词搭配，我们必须熟悉这些搭配关系。1.动词与介词(或副词)的搭配add…to加到……上agreewith同意(某人)arriveat(in)到达askfor询问begin…with从……开始believein相信breakinto闯入breakoff打断breakout爆发bringdown降低bringin引进bringup教育，培养buildup建起burndown烧光callback回电话callfor要求约请callin召来callon拜访访问carefor喜欢carryon继续开展carryout实行开展checkout查明结帐clearup整理，收拾comeabout发生，产生comeacross(偶然)遇见comeout出来cometo共计达到compare…with与……比较compareto比作cutoff切断datefrom始于dependon依靠devoteto献于dieout灭亡divideup分配dreamof梦想falloff下降fallover跌倒feedon以……为食getdownto专心于getthrough通过givein让步，屈服giveout分发giveup放弃goabroad出国goagainst反对goonwith继续gothrough浏览growup生长handdown传下来hearabout听说holdout伸出joinup连接起来keepoff让开，不接近keepon继续leadto导致liveon靠……为生lookdownupon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookinto调查lookout当心look(a)round仔细查看setoff动身setup建立showoff炫耀shutup住口speedup加速standfor代表，象征stickto坚持sufferfrom遭受talkof谈论thinkof考虑，想起tryout试验turndown调低turnoff关掉worryabout担心2.介词成语1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语：at:atastretch一连，连续地atatime一次，每次atease稍息，安心atfirstsight一见(钟情)atfirst最初，开始时atheart在内心athome在家，随便atlast最后atleast至少atlength最后,详细地atmost至多atonce立即，同时atpeace(war)处于和平(战争)状态atplay(work)在玩耍(工作)atpresent现在，目前atrandom随意地，胡乱地attheriskof冒…的风险atthesametime(与此)同时atthestart一开头atthetime此刻，这时attimes有时候atwill任意地by:byaccident偶然byair航空byallmeans想一切办法bybus(plane,etc)坐巴士(飞机等)bychance偶然bycheque用支票bychoice出于自愿bydaylight在大白天byday(night)白天(夜间)byforce靠武力bymistake错误地，误把…byturns轮流bysurprise突然，出其不意bytheway顺便说一句in:inasense从某种意义上说inaddition(to)此外(除…之外)inadvance事前inall总共inanycase(event)不管怎样，反正inbrief简而言之incase要是，如果incaseof在…情况下incomparison比较起来indanger处于危险中indebt负债indemand有需求indetail详细地infact实际上ingeneral一般说来inone’sopinion在(某人)看来inorderto(that)以便，为了inotherwords换句话说inpart(s)部分地inperson亲自inpractice实际上inpublic(private)公开(私下)地inregardto关于inshort总之intheend最后inthemiddleof在…中间intime及时地，经过一段时间invain白白地，没有结果on:onaccountof由于onbehalfof代表(某人)onboard在船(飞机)上oncondition在…条件下onduty值班onfire着火onfoot步行onguard有警惕，值班onhand在身边onholiday在休假onpurpose故意地onsale在出售onstrike罢工onthecontrary相反ontheway在路上ontime准时onthetopof在…上面ontherun正在逃窜outof:outofaction失灵outofbreath气喘吁吁outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脱离危险outofdoors在户外outoffashion不时新outofhand失去控制outoforder坏了outofreach无法得到(拿到)outofsight看不见outoftemper发脾气outofquestion不可能outoftouch(with)和…失去联系outoftune走调outofuse不再使用outofwork失业2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：dayafterday日复一日地yearafteryear年复一年oneafteranother一个接一个地onebyone一个接一个littlebylittle一点一点地sidebyside并肩stepbystep一步步地facetoface面对面arminarm手挽手地handinhand手牵手地daytoday日常的daybyday一天一天地daybeforeyesterday前天dayaftertomorrow后天hearttoheart互相交心的)还有一些成语包含两个介词：frombeginningtoend从头至尾frombadtoworse越来越糟fromtimetotime不时地fromheadtofoot浑身frommorningtonight从早到晚fromstarttofinish从头至尾fromdoortodoor挨门挨户地fromplacetoplace到各地fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代地fromcovertocover(书面)全部地，从头至尾4)此外,“be+形容词+介词”也是一类成语：befoundof喜欢befullof充满beinterestedin对…有兴趣bekeenon热衷于beconfidentin对…有信心beshortof缺乏besickof厌恶beproudof对…感到骄傲beloyalto对…忠诚beashamedof为…感到羞耻beworriedabout为…担心beawareof意识到bebusywith忙于(某事)bedifferentfrom和…不同befamousfor因…而出名6.介词的省略1.在一些结构中，动名词前面的介词in常常可以省略；在另一些结构中，介词from常常可以省略。中学生常见的这类结构有：bebusy（in）doingsthbekeptbusy（in）doingsthbeengaged（in）doingsthhavetrouble/difficulty（in）doingsthspendtime（in）doingsthpreventsb（from）doingsthstopsb（from）doingsthItisnouse（in）doingsomethingThereisnouse/good（in）doingsth但是，当spendtimeindoingsth，prevent/stopsomebodyfromdoingsth中的spend，prevent和stop为被动语态时，介词in和from一般不可省略。例如：Theyspentalargesumofmoney（in）buildingthetower.→Alargesumofmoneywasspentinbuildingthetower.Theheavyrainpreventedus（from）attendingthelecture.→Wewerepreventedfromattendingthelecturebytheheavyrain.2.由what，whose，how，when，whether等引导的名词性从句或不定式短语作介词宾语时，其前的of，about通常可以省略。例如：Shehasnoidea（of）whattodo.I'mnotaware（of）howhegotit.Hehesitated（about）whattodonext.I'mtoooldtocare（about）whatIlooklike.3.引导时间段的介词for和表示行为方式的way前面的介词in常可省略。例如：Thesnowyweatherlasted（for）twoweeks.Helivedalone（for）tenyears.Don'ttreather（in）thatway.表示时间段的for短语出现在句首或否定句中时，for一般不能省略。例如：Wehaven'tseeneachotherfortwoyears.Formanyyears，helivedintheshedalone.4.age，color，weight，length，width，height，design，shape，size等名词作介词of的宾语，而且of短语在句中作表语时，of可以省略。例如：Thetwomachinesare（of）thesamedesign.Theboysare（of）thesameheight.Itis（of）nousetome.课后习题TheplanearrivedatLondonairport______Wednesday.A.onB.atC.inD.forWhatdoyouusuallydo________Christmas?A.onB.atC.inD.forMrsBrownwordedinthewestofAustralia________lastsummer?A./B.onC.inD.sinceThefirstclassbegins_______8o’clock______themorning.A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/on_______thepasttwomonthshehasbeenbusywithhisschoolwork.A.ForB.OnC.SinceD.At________lastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.A.ForB./C.ByD.DuringWewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday.A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./tillMrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuilding______twodays.A.beforeB.afterC.atD.in_______theendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmy_______theend.A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/inWewillhaveafootballmatch_____thisSaturdayafternoon..A.onB./C.inD.forHecametoseeyou_____theeveningofMay10th.A.inB.atC.onD.forI’mafraidIgaveyoualotoftrouble________mystayhere.A.inB.forC.duringD.onThesinginggroupwillhavetwoperformances______October.A.afterB.sinceC./D.forThesupermarketisopen______midnight.A.atB.onC.tillD./Shedidn’tgotowork______thatmorning.Sheslept______noon.A./…tillB.on…tillC.at…atD./…atHewasill_____aweek,and_______theweekheatealmostnothing.A.for/atB.for/duringC.during/duringD.for/forDaysarelonger______summerthan___________winter.A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/inChildrengetpresents________Christmasand______theirbirthday.Grannyiscomingforlunch________Christmasday.A.at/on/onB.on/on/onC.at/in/atD.in/on/inNewYear’sevepeopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.AtB.OnC.ForD.InTomandPaulusuallywatchTV______weekends.A.atB.inC.forD./Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhome_____school.A.atB.toC.fromD.afterCouldyoucometomyoffice________thedayaftertomorrow.A./B.onC.inD.atWehadbuiltthreebridgesovertheriver_______theendof1994.A.atB.onC.forD.byLifewillbebetter_____the21stcentury.A.atB.onC.forD.inDoyouoftenworklate_____night.A.atB.inC.forD.duringhadanewcard,andIdidn’twrite________.A.onitB.itC.initD.aboveitisabridge________theriver.A.underB.overC.onD.nextsaidthathewouldmeetus____thecinema.A.inB.atC.onD.inisabookstore________thestreetcorner.A.atB.inC.onD.bythetopoftheteachingbuildingwesawthelake________us.A.underB.overC.belowD.abovearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree.A.onB.atC.inD.besideswaswritten_______page20.A.atB.inC.onD.abovehouseis_____thetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.A.betweenB.amongC.inD.atiswaiting_____busstop________herfather.A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at’ttalksoloud________table.A.byB.onC.atD.besidethereanythinginteresting________today’snewspaper?

A.inB.onC.atD./andbusestravel_________theroadtothetown.A.onB.alongC.inD.byyoutellmewhospoke________themeetingA.atB.alongC.inD.forunclelives______208SmithStreet.A.atB.onC.toD.withlastwereachesthevillage______thehill.A.atthefootofB.atfootC.onfootofD.inthefootfromis_______theeastofChinaandJapanis_______theeastofChina.A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/intheendofthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.A.ByB.AtC.OnD.Inyouoftenlisten________theprogrammes________theradio.A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/towait________theoffice.Don’tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.A.inB.intoC.insideD.outsideyougoingtoleaveGuangzhou__________Beijing?A.forB.toC.fromD.inwhalehasanose_______thetopofitshead.A.atB.aboveC.overD.onmustgo_____thebridgeandthenyouwillseethebank_________theleft.A.over/onB.to/byC.to/onD.over/atisahole_______thewall.A.inB.atC.forD.towardsyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo?A.toB.atC.forD.towardskickedtheballtoohard,anditwent________thestreet________oneofMr.Smith’swindows.A.across/onB.through./onC.across/throughD.to/throughyou_______yourcoming.A.toB.ofC.byD.forspentalongtime______themathsproblem.A.inB.onC.forD.atLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon.A.withB.onC.byD.atmuchdidyoupay________thisbook?A.forB.atC.onD.withtranslatethesentence______English.A.intoB.toC.atD.forLingfell_____hisbicyclethismorningA.onB.downC.offD.toshouted______her,butshididn’thearme.A.toB.atC.onD.forhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents.A.withB.toC.byD.amongschool,Ioftenlearnsinginganddancing_______hobbies.A./B.onC.inD.forMingfellillthismorning,soheasked_______leave.A.fromB.forC.onD.insawthemanhittheboy_______theface.A.inB.onC.towardD.byLi,shallIwrite_____inkA.byB.ofC.inD.withLi,shallIwrite_____inkA.byB.ofC.inD.with64Canyoufindouttheanswer__________thesequestions?

A.ofB.forC.toD.withhishelp,IpassedtheEnglishtestyesterday.A.UnderB.OfC.WithD.by’tforgettobringyourtextbook______you.A.inBafterC.withD.topeoplearewaiting____thebus,andtheyatestanding____line.A.for/onB.for/inC.at/onD.at/inyou