2017考研英语点睛班一讲义

考研英语点睛课程讲主讲人：何第一篇:

写作部Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepictureliesayoungman,tryingtogotosleepwithoutfinishingthejoboftodayandpersuadinghimselfthathecanfinishtoday’sjobtomorrow.Ifpostedonsomesocialmedia,thispicturewilldrawmuchattentionbecauseitarousesmuchsympathyamongtheyoungpeople.Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturewalksayoungman,sufferingfromtheanxiety,depressionandthedisorderfortheheavyburdenofliveandwork.Thispicture,ifpostedonthesocialmedia,willdefiniystrikethecordwithyoungstersforitsrevealingacommonsceneinoursociety.、第二篇：有形社会话Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturestandsayoungman,confusedandterrified,facingtheinformationbombardingfromsomeonlinelivebroadcastingplatforms.Heisastonishedbythevulgar,violentandcontentoftheseshows.Thiscartoondoesdemonstrateastatusquothatisworthyofourattention.Asisshownabove,thepicturepresentsaridiculoussceneinwhichacollegestudentisastonishedbytherealityoftherealworld.Thedistinctivefeatureinthepicturethatimpressesmemostishislackofknowledgeoftherealworld.Theauthorofthepicturedemonstratesacommonsceneintoday’scollegeeducationandillustratessomeproblemsfacinguniversities.Somescholarshavealreadynoticedthatcurrentcollegeeducationfocusesalotontheacademicstudybutfailtoofferadequateexplorationonthecreativityandmoraleducation,componentscriticaltostudents’futurelivesandcareers.And,onesurveyevensuggeststhatmostcollegestudentsarecowithalotoftediousprwork,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain,withnosubstantialadvancetospeakof.That’sarealitythathorrifiessomeeducators.Manypeoplehavevoicedtheirconcernsaboutthisissue.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldtakemoreeffortsandmakesomeconcreteinitiativestosafeguardanypossibleadverseconsequences.Fortunay,wehaveheardthatsomeeffectivemeasureshavebeentakenbyauthoritiesandatrendoffocusingmoreonthequalityofstudentsisgraduallyemergingnationwide.Therearegoodreasonstoexpectthatamoreadvisableandhealthycircumstancewillbecreatedonourcampuses.第二篇：社会无形话Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturestandayoungmanandanoldman.Theoldmanpassesagift,symbolizingtheculturalheritage,totheyoungman,remindingtheyoungstertopreservethetraditionalculture.Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturesitsadevotedresearcher,workingenthusiasticallyonhisprojectdespiteofthefactthathehasjustrecoveredfromthedisease.Themoststrikingfeatureofthecartoonthatimpressesmemostishisprofessionaldedicationandprofessionalethics.以工匠精神为例Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturestandsadedicatedworker,workinghardontheproductof“MadeinChina”.Themoststrikingfeatureofthecartoonthatimpressesmemostisthecraftsmanship.Thistopichasgoneatrendingtopiconsomesocialmedia,withmanyuserssharingandcommentingonitrecently.英语二第一篇：因果型的文Asisclearlydemonstratedbythebarchartabove,thereisaseriesofstatisticsillustratingthedifferenceaboutwomenandmen’saverageearningsoneyearaftercollege.Wecaneasilyfindthe18% egapbetweendifferentgendergroups.So,whatarethepossibleandinvisiblereasonsbehindthephenomenonmirroredbygraph?ly,thereisapopularassumptionthatthefemaleisingenerallesscapablethanmalesinthejobmarketeventheyboastthesameeducationalbackground.Furthermore,thesejobswithhighsalarysuchasmarketing,engineeringandfinancialysisusuallyaremoresuitableformenduetotheinheriteddifference.Frommy al,thistrendisdefiniyunpopularandwilldomoreharmthangoodinthelongrun.Fortunay，thisphenomenonhascapturedwidemediaattention,sometimesoccupyingnewsprheadlinesandsparkingheateddiscussionontheweb.Weshouldexertcoordinatedeffortstocheck(控制)thisadverse（有害的）trend.（原因模板Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor.Ontheonehand,.Ontheotherhand,isduetothefactthat.Inaddition,isresponsiblefor.Maybesomeotherreasonscanpartlyleadtothestatusquoreflectedinthechartabove.Butreasonsmentionedabovemaybecommonlyacceptedandconstantlyconvincing.(58字)Frommy,theappealofmobileshopwillcontinuetodrawmuorenewusersandgeneratehigherrevenue.Thisisafavorabletrendandwillbringusmorebenefits.第二篇：解释重Asisshownabove,twopiechartsillustratethestudent’spaymentmethodsandplacesofconsumptions.Thecashaccountsfor63%inallwaysofpaymentandthesupermarketisthemostfrequentlyvisitedplaceforthestudents,makingup38%.Thisgraphwillmakeagoodcopyforthenewsprandothermedia.Thisresearchunderlinedbythechartsaboveisvaluablebecausestudents’consuminghabitsandpreferenceswillextendcollegeandshthefutureindustrytrend.Thedominanceofcashastheprimarymethodisunderthechallengeofe-paymethodsuchasbankcardandcreditcard.Andduetolackoffinancialindependence,collegestudentsarestilltheheavyfoodserviceusers,asevidencedbythe38%ofsupermarket.Nevertheless,theonlineshipisanothernewhitforthefutureconsumptionmarket.Frommyalthetrendreflectedinthegraphswillcontinueasitis.Muchmoreattentionshouldbeattachedtotheemphasisofcollegestudents,whichwillbringmuchmorerewardstothemarkets.一.典型题

Thehugeattackonglobalinternetaccess,whichblockedsomeoftheworld’smostpopularwebsiteslastFriday,isbelievedtohavebeenunleashedbyhackersusingcommondeviceslikesanddigitalrecorders.Userscomplainedtheycouldnotreachdozensofinternetdestinations,including,theNewYorkTimes,theWallStreetJournal,TheGuardiannewssiteandsomebusinesseshostedbyAmazon.Hackersusedhundredsofthousandsofinternet-connecteddevices(theInternetofThings)tobombardtheinternet.Theaimofthistypeof“botnet”attackistooverwhelmanonlineservicewithtrafficfrommultiplesources,renderingitunavailable.Accordingtothepassage,whytheuserscannotusesomeTheattackviaInternetofThingshasmadetheironlineservice Themostintriguingexplanationforrelativelystrongpaygrowthoutsidethecapitalconcernstechnology.InarecentspeechAndrewHaldaneoftheBankofEnglandexaminedtheeffectofautomationonwages.Asmachineshavereplacedmenandwomenacrossagrowingnumberoftasks,hesuggested,thebalanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers.WagegrowthcanthusbeweakevenasGDPrises.ThatprocessmaybemostpronouncedinLondonandthesouth-east.Theregionbuzzeswithinnovation;investmentinnewtechnologiesishigh.Andbecauseofthesouth-east’smonstrouslyexpensivehousing,itishardtolocatelow-value-addedactivitiesthere.Secretarialandadministrativejobsintheregionaredisappearing50%fasterthanWhythepaygrowthoutsidethecapitalisrelativelyTheautomationhasexertedinfluenceonthepayTheexpensivehousingmakesthepaygrowthweakinMachinesareproducinganincreasingnumberof Mostreal-lifealassistantsdonotneedtoworryabouttheirjobsbeingthreatenedbytechnology—atleastyet.Digitalassistantsserveasahands-freewaytosearchforinformationbutstruggletocompleteactionsthatrequiremorecomplexsteps,suchasbookingflights.Yourcorrespondentspentseveraldays“employing”avarietyofavailabledigitalassistants.AlthoughtheycanfindnearbyrestaurantsandmakeabookingthroughOpenTable,theydonotyetknowherwellenoughorhavethejudgmenttolherwhichisthe“best”Italianfood.Echo,Amazon’sproduct,canrecitethedefinitionof“alassistant”withouthesitation,buthadnoideahowtorespondwhenyourcorrespondentaskedwhetherEchowasheralassistant.WhyitisnotnecessarytoworryaboutjobreplacementbyThedigitalassistantsareconfusedaboutthedefinitionofthealThedigitalassistantsarelostinthejudgmentoftheiral EVENanon-decisionbytheSupremeCourtcancausewaves.OnOctober5th,aspartofitsroutinedisclosureof ingcases,theCourtdeclinedtotakeupapetitionrelatedtoinsidertrading.TheJusticeDepartmenthadwantedittooverturnanappealscourt’sdecisioninDecembertothrowouttheconvictionoftwohedge-fundmanagers.Thatmeansthedecisionwillnowstand,settinganimportantlegalprecedent.WhatcanweinferfromthisTheCourtechoedtheJusticeDepartmenttodeclinetheTheCourtdeclinedtitionmadebytheJusticeTheCourtoverturnedthepetitionofappealscourt'sTheCourthadsetanimportantlegalprecedentwithanon GeeOsborneshouldspreadthepainoftoughpublicspendingcutsthenexttwoyears,accordingtotheOECDinacritiqueofthechancellor’sdebtconsolidationTheParis-basedThinkaidinitslatesteconomicforecastthatdelayingsometheseverecutsplannedbyOsborneforthefinancialyears2016-17and2017-18“lowertheimpactonThereport,whichdowngradedtheUK’sgrowthforecastandpredictedamutedglobalrecoverythisyearandnext,followsanin-depthexaminationbytheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)thattookanevenstrongerstance,arguingthatcountriessuchasBritainshouldabandondebtreductionasakey.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheOECDGeeOsborneshouldcutthepainoftoughpublicspending.(B)Delayingspendingcutswouldbenefitthegrowthinsomeway. Booksreadinelectronicformwillboastthesamepowerandsomenewonestoboot.Theprintedbookisanexcellentmeansofchannelinginformationfromwritertoreader;thee-bookcansendinformationbackaswell.Teacherswillbeabletolearnofapupil’sprogressandquestions;publisherswillbeabletoseewhichbooksaregulpeddown,whichsippedslowly.Alreadyreaderscanseewhatotherreadershavethoughtworthyofnote,andseekoutlike-mindedpeopleforfurtherdiscussionofwhattheyhaveread.Theprivatejoysofthebookwillremain;newpublicpleasuresaretheretobeadded.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheTheelectronicbooksareessentialforpublisherstolearnAddedhappinesscanbebroughtbytheelectronicThis,optimist,willextendlifeformanypeopletotoday’sceilingof120orso.Butitmaybejustthebeginning.Inthenextphasenotjustaveragelifespansbut umlifespanswillrise.Ifabodypartwearsout,itwillberepairedorreplacedaltogether.DNAwillbeoptimizedforlonglife.Addinanti-ageingdrugs,andcentenarianswill etwonny.Theuseofanti-ageingdrugswillgreatlyincreasethenumberofAlteredDNAforlonglifecouldaccountfortheemergingofLifeoftheoptimistswillbeusuallyextendedtobreaktheThereplacementofbodypartsmayaccountfortheemergingofTheadministrativechallengealoneisvast.MrsMayhaspassedmuchofittopro-Brexitministersknown,inevitably,asthethreeBrexiteers:DavidDavis,LiamFoxandBorisJohnson.JustsettingupanewDepartmentforExitingtheEUunderMrDavisistakingtime.Thedepartmentisnow150-strong,butitwillhavetoexpandtomorelike400.MrFox’sDepartmentforInternationalTradeneeds1,000staff,includinghundredsoftradenegotiators.Relationsbetweenthetwo,andwithMrJohnson’sForeignOffice,canbestrained.LifeisclearlypossibleoutsidetheEU.Buttheprocessofgettingthereisfullofpitfallsandproblems.ItisnowonderthatMrsMay,contemplatingthefuturefromherwalkingholidayinSwitzerland,hassaidlittlemorethanthat“BrexitmeansBrexit”.AnditisnowonderthatshehasdumpedtheresponsibilityfordeliveringitintothelapsofthethreeBrexiteers.WhyMrsMayhaslefttheresponsibilityofBrexittothethreeThepossiblechallengeofBrexitisreallybigandThethreeBrexiteersaremoreexperiencedindealingwiththeRelationsbetweenthetwo,andwithMrJohnson,canbeTradebillstendtopitthe,whomustweighuptheimpactofanydealonAmerica’seconomyanditsstandingintheworld,againsttheHouse,wheremembersaremoreconcernedwiththeriskofjoblossesintheirdistricts. Justunderadecadeago,Americaseemedonthecuspofanautorevolution.Facedwithaslumeconomyandskyrocketingoilprices,driverswereturningawayfromcostly,gas-guzzlingSUVs—thinkoftheHummerbrandthatGeneralMotorskilledin2010—andtowardhybrid-electriccarsthatpromised,overtime,tosavethemmillionsatthepump.Thetechnologywaspoisedtogomainstream,thanksinparttoafreshlyelectedObama,whopromisedtomakeitchertoproducegreenercars—whichinturnwouldmakeitchertobuythem.WhichofthefollowingoneistrueaccordingtotheThedramaticriseoftheoilpricehasspeltthedeathofTheObamahasmadetheautorevolutionofhybrid-electricThepriceofgasolinehasmadethecuspofGeneralThetechnologyhasmadethegasolinemuchcherthanBASFistheworld’slargestchemicalcompany,andoneofEurope’slargestmanufacturers.Becauseitsellschemicalsandchemicalproductstoothercompanies,suchasBMW,NestleandProcter&Gamble,BASFislittleknowntoconsumers.Itisn’toneforblowingitsowntrumpet.“Wewilltryourbesttoremainspectacularlyunspectacularforthemedia,”saidKurtBock,theCEO,atlastyear’s150th.ButBASFrepaysattentionfortworeasons:thesheerimpactofwhatitdoes,givenitssize,anditssystematicapproachtoinnovation.Thetwogotogether.MrBockthinkssizehelpsitmakebigbetsonlong-terminnovation,whichhecallsan“increasinglylonelyactivity”.Lastyearthecompanyspentnearly€2billion($2.2billion)onR&D—itsrevenueslastyearwere€70.4billion—anddevoted10,000employeestocomingupwithnewideas.Itgenerated1,000patents,atypicalnumberinanygivenyear.Accordingtothetext,whytheBASFcapturestheattentionoftheIthaschangeditswaytoblowtheownIthasinvestedahugeamountontheR&DoftheIthassoldchemicalstomanydistinctiveIthascultivateditssystematicapproachtoForreasonseitherofirrepressibleoptimismorself-delusion,FrançoisHollanderegularlyclaimstospoteconomicimprovements.Shortlyafterhewaselected,in2012,hesaidthatFrance’sunemploymentwouldstarttofallthefollowingyear.Alas,itkeptrising.Inhiselectionmanifesto,heforecastanimminenteconomicupturn.InsteadFrancewentthroughtwomoreyearsofnear-zerogrowth.SowhenMrHollandedeclaredonevisionrecently,“Çavamieux!”(thingsareimproving),hewaswidelyridiculed.“Areyoujoking?”askedhisdumbfoundedinterviewer.Yettherearesignsthat,thistime,MrHollandemayberight.WhatcanweinferfromtheparagraphThesofFranceisusuallyridiculedforhiselectionFrançoisHollandeclaimstohaveajokewiththeeconomicTherearesignstoshowthattheFrance’seconomyisTheelectionofthehasspottedtheeconomicItwasonlyMrBuffett’sstatusasaninvestmentgodthatletBerkshireresistpressure,inlate1990s,tochaseafter sandthusavoidslosingheavilyintheensuingItwasthesamereputationthatpromptedGEandGoldmanSachstoturntoBerkshireasaninvestorwhentheywerestrappedforcashinthefinancialcrisis，investmentsthatstruckgold.Butacropofbookshopsisrebellingagainstfrenziedonlineengagementandiscreatingenvironmentswherethereal-life,internet-freebookbrowseisthemosteffectivewaytoexpandyoursocialandprofessionalnetworks.Andincounteringtheinternetoverload,somestoresareprovingtobeamongLondon’shottesthangouts.pursuitofinnovation,Ms.Helfandargues,andinherbooksheexploresdesign,andbyextensioninnovation,asanintrinsicallyhumandiscipline—albeitonethatseemstohavelostitsway.Ms.Helfandarguesthatinnovationisnowpredicatedlessoncreatingandmoreontheunngoftheworkofothers.Theenergycompaniesarecomingunderincreasedpressurefromtheernmenttopassonfallsinwholesalegaspricesandtoslashconsumers’gasandelectricitybills.AmberRudd,thenewlyappointedenergyandclimatechangesecretary,haswrittentothe‘bigsix’energycompaniescallingonthemtolowertheirpricesnowthatapledgebyLabourtoimposeafreezewasoffthetable.ysisbyregulatorOfgemhasfoundtheenergyfirmsarenowmakinga ageprofitof£118perdualfueldealthisyear–up32%onthepreviousyear,whilewholesalegasandelectricitycostsarenow£80lowerthantheywereayearago.RuddtoldtheDailyMail:“Labor’spricefreezewasathemeforwhytheywereunabletoreducepricesbeforetheelection.Nowthatthreatisnolongerthere,Iintendtokeepupthepressureonthemtoact.Thersdidofferreductionsinthespring,typically£20-£30–wellshortofthefallinwholesalecosts,andafterofwinter,whenconsumptiondrops.Whichexecutivedirector,RichardLloyd,saidhisgroup’scalculationsshowUKbillscouldhavebeen£2.9bnloweroverthepreviousyear–£145perhousehold–ifthewholesalecostshadbeenpassedonfairly.“Energyfirmshavetotallyrunoutofexcusesfornotcuttingourbills.It’sgoodthatministersareactingbutwenowneedtoseersdotherightthing,andfast.Iftheydon’tplayballitwilladdweighttothecaseforthecompetitionauthoritytostepinandforcetheenergyfirmstomakebillsfair,”hesaid.LastweekSSE,theUK’ssecondbiggestr,reporteda39%increaseinprofits£456.8mfortheyeartoMarch,meaningitmadea ageof£69fromthesupplyofhouseholdelectricityandgasbeforetaxandinterestpayments.Butitalsorevealedithadlostmorethan500,000customeraccountsinthelastyear,despiteitspledgetofreezebillsuntilatleastJuly2016,citing“increasinglychallengingandhighlycompetitivemarketconditions”.EnergyUK,whichrepresentsthefirms,rejectedclaimsofprofiteeringandsaid:rsworkhardtoprovidegoodserviceandvalueformoneytotheircustomers.Byshoparoundcustomerscanfinddealsthatarebothcherthanthistimelastyearandwhiatchindividualcircumstances.Ourmemberswillbereplyingtothesecretaryofstateinduecourseandtheindustryasawholeiskeentoworkconstructivelywiththenewernmenttoensureenergysecurityatapriceeveryonecanafford.”WhatcanwelearnfromthetwoTheernmentisunderthepressuretocutthegasTheLaborappealedtostagnatethepriceofthegasandTheenergyfirmsearnmore80poundslessthanlastThesecretaryhaspledgedthelabortodiscussofftheWhydoesRichardLloydsayUKcanundergoabiggerdeclineoftheThedecreaseofthewholesalepriceisbiggerthanretailTherscanofferreductioninthewinterinsteadofLaborhasliftedthepricefreezeaftertheelectionhasThegroupcandoexactcalculationtopassontheItisimpliedinthe4thparagraphtheenergyfirmscannotfindmorereasonableexcusestocuttheauthoritymaytakemorebluntmeasuretomakebilltheministersneedrstodotherightthingafterthersisplayingballtodemandministersactingmoreWhenfacingtheurge,therespondingfromtheenergyristheycutmanycustomeraccountsinthelastyearforfreeze theyappealtothesecretaryofstateformore rdealingasWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthis EnergyrsrejectedtheunjustifiedclaimsofEnergyrsplantocutconsumerbillsofEnergyrsareunderpressuretocutconsumerTheWorldHealthanisationhasclearedcoffeeofcausingcancer,butadetailedinvestigationhasfoundthatveryhotdrinksmaybelinkedtocanceroftheoesophagus,ullet.Coffeewasclassifiedasapossiblecauseofcancerin1991,buttheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC),whichispartofWHO,hasnowreconsideredtheevidence.Itcarriedoutadetailedreviewofthemanystudiespublishedonthesubjectandfoundthatcoffeedrinkershavenoreasontoworry.IARCalsoinvestigatedtheherbaldrinkmate,alsoknownaschimarrãoorcimarrón,whichiswidelyconsumedinSouthAmerica,whereoesophagealcancerismorecommonthaninotherpartsoftheworld.Theexpertsfoundthatmatewasnotacauseofcancer,buttheybelievethetemperatureatwhichitisdrunkprobablyis–andthatotherveryhotdrinkscouldalsobelinkedtooesophagealcancer.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwoThecoffeematemaybethecauseofoesophagealThereaserchermayfindsomenewevidenceforcimarrónTheWHOmayfindsomenewcausefortheOnereasonforthistardinessisthatyoungpeopledominatemarketingdepartmentsandthinkthatthebestplacefortheoldisoutofsightandmind.GermaineGreer,afeminist,speaksforhergeneration,asusual,whenshesaysthat“justbecauseI’mover60nobodywantstoselltome.”Astudybyfast.Map,amarketer,andInvolveMillennium,aconsultant,found68%ofBritish65-74-year-olds“don’trelate”toadvertisingthattheyseeonevision.Butthebiggestreasonisthatoldiesaresuchslipperycustomers.Thedefinitionofwhatitmeanstobe“old”iscomplicatedanddynamic.Sixty-five-year-oldsarenotthesameas85-year-olds.Ageaffectspeopleindifferentways:somefadeearlywhileothersmarchon.Classdivisionsaremoremarkednowthanforpreviousgenerationsofretirees:thewinners,sittingonsuburbanmansionsanddefined-benefitpensions,cannotspendtheirmoneyfastenough,whilelosersgocapinhandtocharities(31%ofworking-ageAmericansdon’thavensionorsavings,accordingtotheFederalReserve).Mostgreyingbaby-boomersintherichworldareindenialaboutageing:61%saythattheyfeelatleastnineyearsyoungerthantheirchronologicalage.Themainreasonofthetardinessin“grey-quake”istheoldiesfeeltheyarenotbewantedbythemarketingthedefinitionofoldmarketisambiguousandthedivisionsofretireesaremoremarkednowthantheoldissuchcunningcustomertomeettheirSoifshereallymeanswhatshesaidinherBirminghamspeechwhenshequestionedthelinkbetweenaflatliningFTSEandthetreblingofexecutivepayoverthepast18years,MrsMaywillfindthedooralreadyajar.Inthatspeech,madeonlyhoursbeforeshebecameprime-minister-in-waiting,shepresentedsomeboldproposals:makingshareholdervotesbinding,introducingtransparencyaboutbonusobjectives,compellingpublicationoftheratiobetweenbosses’payandtheworkers’–allthesewouldbewidely edasstepsinthedirectionofgreatertransparency. is edbythepublicbecauseofitsgreaterstressesonthesupervisingofthegapbetweenbosses’payandtheTheNHS(NationalHealthService)hasapprovedthecreationofchainsofhospitalsforthetimeinitshistoryinabidtotackleitsdeepfinancialproblemsandtoallowmorepatientstobecaredforbyleadingdoctorsintheirfields.Itwillseehighlyrespectedinstitutions,suchasMoorfieldseyehospitalinLondonandManchester’sChristiecancercentre,providingspecialistservicestopatientspotentiallymanyawayinanotherpartofEngland.WhytheNHShasapprovedthecreationofchainsofToimprovethemedicalfacilitiesofthechainsof“Thedevelopmentoffullartificialinligencecouldspell ofhumanrace,”StephenHawkingwarns.ElonMuskfearsthatthedevelopmentofartificialinligence,orAI,maybethebiggestexistentialthreathumanityfaces.BillGatesurgespeopletobewareofit.Dreadthattheabominationspeoplecreatewill etheirmasters,ortheirexecutioners,ishardlynew.Butvoicedbyrenownedcosmologist,aSiliconValleyentrepreneurandthefounderof—hardlyLuddites—andsetagainstthevastinvestmentinAIbybigfirmslikeand,suchfearshavetakenonnewweight.With putersineverypocketandrobotslookingdownoneverybattlefield,justdismissingthemassciencefictionseemslikeself-deception.Thequestionishowtoworrywisely.BASFistheworld’slargestchemicalcompany,andoneofEurope’slargestmanufacturers.Becauseitsellschemicalsandchemicalproductstoothercompanies,suchasBMW,NestleandProcter&Gamble,BASFislittleknowntoconsumers.Itisn’toneforblowingitsowntrumpet.“Wewilltryourbesttoremainspectacularlyunspectacularforthemedia,”saidKurtBock,theCEO,atlastyear’s150th.ButBASFrepaysattentionfortworeasons:thesheerimpactofwhatitdoes,givenitssize,anditssystematicapproachtoinnovation.Thetwogotogether.MrBockthinkssizehelpsitmakebigbetsonlong-terminnovation,whichhecallsan“increasinglylonelyactivity”.Lastyearthecompanyspentnearly€2billion($2.2billion)onR&D—itsrevenueslastyearwere€70.4billion—anddevoted10,000employeestocomingupwithnewideas.Itgenerated1,000patents,atypicalnumberinanygivenyear.Accordingtothetext,whytheBASFcapturestheattentionoftheIthaschangeditswaytoblowtheownIthasinvestedahugeamountontheR&DoftheIthassoldchemicalstomanydistinctiveIthascultivateditssystematicapproachtoText1(为王Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehlayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.“Interalpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,o age,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight–5′9″formen,5′4″forwomen–hasn’treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthc.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualanism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyounee