微软集群知识讲座课件

使用服务器群集实现高可用系统(MSCS)

微软（中国）有限公司1使用服务器群集实现高可用系统(MSCS)1议程为什么使用群集?什么是服务器群集?Windows2000中的服务器群集Windows2000特性配置和调试地理分散的群集（GeographicallyDispersedClusters）存储区网络（StorageAreaNetworks）Windows.NetServer的新特性支持群集的应用软件Cluster-AwareApplication案例分析2议程为什么使用群集?2为什么使用群集?3为什么使用群集?3现今服务器的要求任务:完成传递商业的价值运行要求的应用&服务处理可以预料的负荷提供适当的响应时间可扩充性:与商业一起成长在用户,数据,交易上快速增长在需要时，应付不可预知的波动可用性:按时完成,不让用户等待容忍典型的硬件故障从意外故障重快速恢复通过定期维护减少停机时间支持灾难恢复的工具&技术设计降低成本:与商业价值相当最初投资的费用日常管理的费用维护&升级的费用4现今服务器的要求任务:完成传递商业的价值4为什么使用群集?一个群集是一组计算机共同提供一个应用平台可扩展增加更多的节点，增加CPU,内存,IO和网络带宽高可用多个计算机具有独立的故障方式–计划中的冗余和意外宕机管理起来象是一个计算机扩展性和可靠性5为什么使用群集?一个群集是一组计算机共同提供一个应用平台扩展扩展性:向上和向外“ScaleUp”DatacenterClassmachines“bigiron”Clusterfor可用性 “ScaleOut”CommodityserversClusterfor扩展性and可用性UpOut6扩展性:向上和向外“ScaleUp”UpOut6Windows2000群集当前三种群集技术网络负载均衡-NetworkLoadBalancing目标:32-各节点IP通讯负载均衡，通过一组同样的服务器好处:扩展性,可用性组件负载均衡-ComponentLoadBalancing目标:8个节点COM组件动态负载均衡，通过一组同样的服务器好处:扩展性,可用性服务器群集-服务器群集目标:支持长时间运行的应用的故障转移好处:可用性,扩展性（对于一些应用）7Windows2000群集当前三种群集技术7Clients多种群集在一起工作IISWebServerorotherIPbasedservicesNetworkLoadBalancing12323…4COM+ComponentsComponentLoadBalancing*ApplicationServers128…3*=ComponentLoadBalancingisdeliveredthroughtheApplicationCenter2000product.DataServersSQL,Exchange,File

ServerCluster12348Clients多种群集在一起工作IISWebServer什么是服务器群集?9什么是服务器群集?9什么是服务器群集?

(AkaMSCSandWolfpack)提供故障转移和健康监视支持，对于长时间运行和状态连续的应用应用安装在群集中所有节点上要求共享存储的架构当应用在群集的节点间故障转移时仍能访问相同的数据集所有节点必须在相同的域和IP子网中由群集来监视节点和应用的运行情况节点监视通过群集内的心跳线（heartbeats）应用监视通过应用特殊的“plug-ins”或“resourcedlls”所有节点应该至少有2块网卡1NIC用于群集心跳线，1NIC用于客户端访问10什么是服务器群集?

(AkaMSCSandWolfpa微软群集服务

Active-PassiveConfigurationSecondaryClientDataSCSISharedDisk\\VirtualServerPrimary11微软群集服务

Active-PassiveConfigur微软群集服务

Active-ActiveConfigurationClients\\VirtualServer2Data

Partition

1Data

Partition

2Primary\\VirtualServer1Secondary\\VirtualServer2Primary\\VirtualServer2Secondary\\VirtualServer1\\VirtualServer112微软群集服务

Active-ActiveConfigura微软群集服务

ClusterServiceinActionClientsData

Partition

1Data

Partition

2Heartbeat\\VirtualServer1\\VirtualServer2\\VirtualServer1\\VirtualServer213微软群集服务

ClusterServiceinActi微软群集服务

ClusterServiceinActionClientsData

Partition

1Data

Partition

2\\VirtualServer1\\VirtualServer2\\VirtualServer1\\VirtualServer214微软群集服务

ClusterServiceinActi服务器群集SCSI配置

(2nodeonly)ClientPCsPublicnetworkPrivatenetwork(heartbeats,status,control)RAIDdisksetsSCSIServerClusterNodesTIP:MakesurehostadaptershavedifferentSCSIIds(Factorydefaultisusually7)ExternalSCSIBusTermination15服务器群集SCSI配置

(2nodeonly)Cli服务器群集光纤通道配置ClientPCsPublicNetworkPrivatenetworkRAIDdisksetsServerCluster

nodesRedundantfiberchannelfabricsDual-pathHBAdriversforfaulttolerantaccesstostorage16服务器群集光纤通道配置ClientPCsPublicNe不同的群集视角网络客户看到的是一个或多个“虚拟的”服务器每个虚拟服务器拥有一个名称,IP地址每个提供一组服务–e.g.数据库,文件&打印共享每个虚拟服务器由一个群集的节点托管每个节点可以托管多个虚拟服务器如果托管的节点失效,它的虚拟服务器转移到其他的可用的节点上用户端继续使用同样的IP地址和网络名称去访问应用或服务17不同的群集视角网络客户看到的是一个或多个“虚拟的”服务器ClusternameNodenameNodenameVirtualservernameVirtualservernameVirtualservernameVirtualservername服务器群集命名空间

物理上命名空间18ClusternameNodenameNodenameNode1Node2Virtualserver1Virtualserver2Virtualserver3IPaddress:Networkname:NTSENode1IPaddress:Networkname:NTSENode2IPaddress:Networkname:NTSE-VS1IPaddress:Networkname:NTSE-VS2IPaddress:Networkname:NTSE-VS3InternetInformationServerSQLMTSMSMQMicrosoftExchange服务器群集命名空间

逻辑上命名空间19Node1Node2VirtualVirtualVirt额外的可用性技巧共同故障的容错RAIDdisks双重电源,双重风扇,多块网卡,etc.严格的操作程序备份&恢复实践配置标准化&改变控制警报,事变管理运行中的容量监视和计划灾难恢复计划Off-site数据存储灾难响应计划&排练租借或特有的灾难恢复站点数据管理(e.g.,backups,real-timemirroring)环境管理(e.g.,applicationlicenses)网络管理(e.g.,subnetreplicationservices)20额外的可用性技巧共同故障的容错20Windows2000

新特性21Windows2000

新特性21Windows2000增强的特性

部署简化群集部署SimplifiedsetupwizardSetupfromwithAdd/RemoveProgramsappletScripted,unattendedsetup(usingUnattend.txt)CanuseSYSPREPwithscriptedclustersetupStep-by-stepinstallationguideWindows2000DeploymentGuide,Chapter18RollingupgradesupportfromNT44-节点群集-Windows2000DatacenterSurvivedouble&tripleserverlossesLowercostofexcesscapacity(N+Ipossible)Moreworkloadflexibilityforserverconsolidation更多的操作系统特性支持高可用DHCP,WINS,DFS,NNTP,SMTP22Windows2000增强的特性

部署简化群集部署22Windows2000增强的特性

群集管理更容易的群集管理ClusteradminconsoleaccessedfromComputerManagementMMCsnap-inApplicationWizardforSimplifiedVirtualServerConfigurationCLUSTERcommandlineutilityExpandedonlinedocumentation远程&分布式群集管理AdministrationviaTerminalServicesScriptedadministration(KBarticleQ245656)ClusteradminGUIinWindows2000AdminpakCLUSTERcommandforremotable,command-linemanagement23Windows2000增强的特性

群集管理更容易的群集管高可用性特性BaseserverreliabilityimprovementsPlug-and-playclusterdisks&networkinterfacesNetworkfailuredetectionandrecoveryDetectsunavailablepublicNetworksClusterconfigurationbackup/recoveryAPIsReducedpotentialchkdskdelaysonstart-upFasterchkdsk;Propertiestocontrolwhenchkdskruns(KBarticleQ223023)PrintingEnhancementsSupportforCryptokeyexport/importWindows2000增强的特性

高可用性24高可用性特性Windows2000增强的特性

高可用性2应用部署更简单Clustersupportrequirements&guidelinesinWindows2000LogospecificationClusterAPIsavailabletoprogrammersononeveryplatformCOM支持(forscriptingetc.)MSCLUSCOMInterfacetoCLUSAPI群集日志增强

(KBarticleQ234767)Enabledbydefaultwithsizecontrol&wraparoundLogentriesfullytime/datestampedWindows2000增强的特性

应用开发和群集调试25应用部署更简单Windows2000增强的特性

应用开发转动式升级UpgradeResource2Resource1Resource21Resource1Resource23Resource12Resource1Resource24Upgrade26转动式升级UpgradeResource2Resource1Windows2000

部署和调试技巧27Windows2000

部署和调试技巧27部署的最佳实践

General只有在HCL中被认可的配置Buildingclustersfrompartsmaynotwork机器容量必须足以承受所有失败的情况Ina2nodecluster,tosurviveasinglefailurewithnodegradation,eachnodemustbeconfiguredtorunat50%Thoroughperformancetestingshouldbedonebeforedeploymenttoensurethatperformancedegradationwillnotoccur28部署的最佳实践

General只有在HCL中被认可的配置部署的最佳实践

Storage存储架构是许多群集问题的根源共享存储要求不能有任何磁盘与Boot/system/pagefile在同一条总线上SCSI只支持2节点EnsurealldeviceshaveuniqueIdshostadapterstypicallyshipasId7EnsurecorrectSCSIterminationExternalterminationusing“Y”connectorallowsmachinestobepowereddown光纤通道Ensuremultiple,independentpathstostorageMultipleHBAswithmulti-pathdevicedriversEnsureallHBAsatsamefirmwarerevision29部署的最佳实践

Storage存储架构是许多群集问题的根源2部署的最佳实践

Networks内部网和外部网Atleast2NICspermachineOneNICdedicatedtoprivateandoneNICforbothprivateandpublic(PCINICsonly)确保所有相关的网卡都在相同的子网上MUSTonlybe1NICpersubnetSwitches/routers需要支持arpcacheflushprotocol可用性-WINS,DNS,DHCPservers必须是静态IPaddresses,DHCP不支持NETBIOSisrequiredforCluAdmin30部署的最佳实践

Networks内部网和外部网30所有节点在相同的域中只能使用域帐号在虚拟服务器的应用使用NTLM验证KerberosauthenticationonWindows.NetServerKerberoswillalsobeavailableonWindows2000SP3(DCRbeingtested)确保域架构高可用在Windows2000建议群集节点使用成员服务器而不是域控制器(Q281662)部署的最佳实践

SecurityandDomainInfrastructure31所有节点在相同的域中部署的最佳实践

Securityand排错工具EventViewerFailuresloggedineventlogEventlogentriesarereplicatedtoallnodesinthecluster(lazyreplication)Windows.NetServerlogssuccessfulgroupmoves,whichallowsforauditingofadminoperationsClusterLogEnabledbydefaultstartinginWindows2000ClusLogtoolavailableforaggregatingmultiplelogsintoasingleviewClusDiagNewtoolbeingdevelopedforWindows2000andWindows.NetServertovalidateclusterconfigurations32排错工具EventViewer32Quorum排错NT4.0–Q172951HowtoRecoverfromaCorruptedQuorumLogStartusing/noquorumloggingoptionRunchkdskDelete\MSCS\Quolog.log,\MSCS\*.tmpStop,restartserviceWindows2000–Q245762RecoveringfromaLostorCorruptedQuorumLogStartusing/resetquorumlogoptionIfnecessaryrestoreusing“ClusRest”toolAvoidstabilityissuesbyincreasinglogsizeto4096KBThisisthedefaultsizeonWindows.NetServer33Quorum排错NT4.0–Q172951Howt硬盘替换NT4.0–FTEdit.exeandRegistrymanipulationQ243195EventID1034forMSCSSharedDiskAfterDiskReplacementWindows2000-Dumpcfg.exetochangedisksignatureQ224075DiskReplacementforWindows2000ServerClusterWindows.NetServer–ASR,ConfDisk.exeQ287556HowtouseASRtoRecoveraServerClusterNodeQ280425RecoveringfromanEventID1034onaServerClusterConfDisk.exereplacesDumpCfg.exe34硬盘替换NT4.0–FTEdit.exeandRe备份和恢复NT4–ManualBackup/RestoreWindows2000–AddedbackupAPI’sEnabledSystemStatebackup’s.RestoresviaClusRest.exeQ248998HowtoProperlyRestoreClusterInformationWindows.NetServer–FullSupportBackup/RestorefullsupportviaNTBackup.exewiththeSystemStateRestoretoallnodesintheClusterAutomaticSystemRecovery(ASR)torecoveraClusternodeQ287556HowtouseASRtoRecoveraServerClusterNodeQ286422HowtoBackup/RestoreaServerClusterunderWindows.NetServer35备份和恢复NT4–ManualBackup/Resto动态磁盘服务器群集不支持动态共享盘VeritashasaVolumeManagerforWindows2000productthatsupportsDynamicDisksforSharedDisksSoftwareFTSetsonClusteredDisksDynamicallychangeshareddisksizeALLsupportforclustersrunningVeritasVolumeManagershouldbereferredtoVeritasdirectlyQ237853DynamicDiskConfigurationUnavailableforServerClusterDisks

36动态磁盘服务器群集不支持动态共享盘36Windows2000

地理分散的群集-GeographicallyDispersedClusters

(akamulti-siteclusters)37Windows2000

地理分散的群集-Geographi地理分散的群集服务器群集支持群集的节点可以分布在不同的地理位置Limitedto2sitedeploymentsininitialreleaseWindows2000AdvancedServerandDatacenterServer2nodeAS/2and4nodeDatacenterNewHCLcategoriesspecifictomulti-siteconfigurationsCertifiedconfigurationincludeshardwareplussoftware一些警告….38地理分散的群集服务器群集支持群集的节点可以分布在不同的地理位…thegood,badandugly所有群集节点必须在相同的子网上RequiresVLAN-liketechnologyacrosssites站点之间的网络反应时间必须保证小于500msLatencytoolavailabletoqualifyinter-sitelinkswhendeployedatcustomersites存储数据必须在站点间镜像

Storagesolutionsprovidedbydifferentvendors(OEMs,IHVandISVs)QuorumdiskMUSTbesynchronouslyreplicatedacrossthesitesDatadisksSHOULDbesynchronouslyreplicatedtoensurecrosssiteconsistency39…thegood,badandugly所有群集节点必地理分散的群集VLANSANLatency<=500MSVirtualLAN’sAppearas1NetworktoClusterMinneapolisVLANChicago01001140地理分散的群集VLANSANLatency<=500MSystemASiteASiteB

Upto100kmPathAPathBFCswitchHSG80RAIDControllerHSG80RAIDControllerFCswitchSystemBFCswitchHSG80RAIDControllerHSG80RAIDControllerFCswitchonewayotherway地理分散服务器群集SAN1SAN2R/WRR/WRVLAN41SystemSiteASiWindows2000

StorageAreaNetworkDeployments42Windows2000

StorageAreaNetw群集和SAN支持多个群集可配属到相同的存储结构上存储设备必须在Multi-clusterdeviceHCLServer+Fabric+Storage必须是作为一个完成的方案在群集的HCL目前没有针对fabricswitches认证过程Windows2000服务器群集支持存储区网络ClusterClusterClusterJBODStorageArraySANFabric43群集和SAN支持多个群集可配属到相同的存储结构上Wind配置SANs使用区域划分隔离每个群集Putclusternodesandclustershareddevicesintoclusterspecificzones

Diskarbitrationuses“busreset”Cluster3Cluster2Cluster1JBODCluster1ZoneCluster2ZoneCluster3ZoneStorageArray44配置SANs使用区域划分隔离每个群集Cluster3ClWindows.NetServer

NewFeaturescomingsoon45Windows.NetServer

NewFeaturWindows.NetServerHighlights群集配置向导Simplifiedclustersetupandconfiguration“GenericScript”resourcetypeNewresourcetypetoallowexistingapplicationstobemadecluster-awareusingVBScriptorJScript更大的群集4nodesinAdvancedServer8nodesinDatacenterWMI支持管理和事件ActiveDirectory集成End-to-endKerberosauthenticationanddelegation46Windows.NetServerHighlights额外的特性概要

(1of2)RollingupgradeNT4toWindows2000toWindowsXPClusteraccountpasswordutilityChangeclusterserviceaccountpasswordwithouttakingdowntheclusterEnhancedSANsupportTargetedresetofstoragedevicesratherthanfullbusreset-requiressupportedbyHBAdevicedrivers“Singlestoragebus”supportFilesystemenhancementsPhysicaldiskresourcesnolongerrequiredrivelettersMountpointssupportedinacluster(support>23disks)Client-sidecachingforclusteredSMBsharesMultipleDFSrootsinacluster47额外的特性概要

(1of2)Rollingupgrad额外的特性概要

(2of2)PrinterdriversreplicatedtoallclusternodesSimplifiedconfigurationofMSDTCCreateanMSDTCresource–nomoreCOMCLUSTAutomaticServerRecovery(ASR)supportRestoresdisksignaturesforalldisk(includingshareddisks)RebuildsasinglenodeincludingclusterregistrystateCanbeusedtorebuildacompletecluster(includingquorumdisk)TerminalServerand服务器群集canco-existonsamenodes(Note:NOfailoverofTSsessions)“MajorityNodeSet”quorumresourceResourceDllenhancementsSupportforrollingupgradewithoutshuttingdowntheclusterNotificationofterminateorofflinereasonSupportforgroupaffinity48额外的特性概要

(2of2)Printerdriver群集拓扑结构OperatingSystem#ofNodesStorageInterconnectAdvancedServer(x86)2SCSIorFibreAdvancedServer(x86)>2nodesFibreChannelDatacenter(x86)2–8FibreChannelAdvancedServer(ia64)2–4FibreChannelDatacenterServer(ia64)2–8FibreChannel4nodesinAdvancedServer8nodesinDatacenterFullyfunctionalclustersupportforia6449群集拓扑结构OperatingSystem#ofNod3步群集配置AnalyzingtheconfigurationShowtheproposedconfigurationMakethechanges503步群集配置Analyzingtheconfigura支持群集的应用软件

Cluster-AwareApplication51支持群集的应用软件

Cluster-AwareApplicAFailoverCluster–2NodeVirtualSQLServer(s)PrivateNetworkPublicNetwork(s)Node1Node252AFailoverCluster–2NodeVirAFailoverCluster–4Node53AFailoverCluster–4Node53SQL中数据分区ClientUser(View)ServerAUsersAF(Table)ServerBUsersGZ(Table)CREATETABLEUsersAF((UserNameVarChar(50)NOTNULLPRIMARYKEYCHECK(UserName<=‘F’),EmailVarChar(50),FirstNameVarChar(20),LastNameVarChar(30))CREATETABLEUsersGZ((UserNameVarChar(50)NOTNULLPRIMARYKEYCHECK(UserName<=‘G’),EmailVarChar(50),FirstNameVarChar(20),LastNameVarChar(30))CREATEVIEWUsersASSELECT*FROMDemodb.dbo.UsersAFUNIONALLSELECT*FROMServerB.DemoDB.dbo.UsersGZCREATEVIEWUsersASSELECT*FROMDemodb.dbo.UsersGZUNIONALLSELECT*FROMServerA.DemoDB.dbo.UsersAF

DTCneedstoberunningonbothmachinesNeedtosetXACT_ABORTon(executeSETXACT_ABORTON)ReadorUpdate54SQL中数据分区ClientUserServerAUserExchange5.5群集Active/passiveNotcluster-AwareGenericResourceDLL LowROISystemfilesonlocaldriveSystemfilesonlocaldriveClientPCsNodeANodeBDataandexecutablefilesonsharedclusterdrives55Exchange5.5群集Active/passivExchange2000群集Active/ActiveVirtualServerconceptNodessupported:2Nodes@RTM4NodeslaterwithDataCenter4StorageGrouplimitation56Exchange2000群集Active/ActiveExchangeClusterGroupsExchangeVirtualServer(EVS)MultipleEVSspernodeFinestgranularityforfailover1ormoreSGsExchangeVirtualServerIPAddressNetworkNameSharedStorageExchangeResources57ExchangeClusterGroupsExchangActive/ActiveExchangeMAPIEVS1StorageGroup1

EVS2

EVS3StorageGroup2StorageGroup3IMAPIP2POPHTTPSMTPIMAPIP3POPHTTPSMTPName1Name2Name3StoreIISIMAPIP1POPHTTPSMTP58Active/ActiveExchangeMAPIEVS1ClientExperienceEVS2EVS1EVS1XHTTP,POP,IMAP,MAPI59ClientExperienceEVS2EVS1EVS1XExchange群集Exchange5.5vs.Exchange2000ClusterAPIsActive/Passivevs.Active/ActiveExchange2000Co