2022版备战老高考一轮复习英语Unit 2 Working the land Using language 教案

PAGEUnit2WorkingthelandCHEMICAL(化学的)ORORGANIC(有机的)FARMING?Overthepasthalfcentury，usingchemicalfertilizers(化肥)hasbecomeverycommoninfarming①．Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfinding②thatlong­termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamageto③thelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.化学耕作还是有机耕作？在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，他们会对人们的健康造成危害。[助读讲解]①“overthepast＋时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动名词短语usingchemicalfertilizers作主语，谓语动词用单数。②havebeenfinding是现在完成进行时形式，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且目前还在进行中。③causedamageto对……产生损害。Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers④？First，theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteria(细菌)andpests(害虫)aswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand，therefore，animalsandhumans，sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition，fruit，vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizers⑤usuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition(营养)．Theymaylookbeautiful，butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，这影响到庄稼，从而影响到动物和人，因为化学物质会进入农作物里面，而不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学物质会在人体中堆积。这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上可能很好看，但是里面所含的水分通常比维生素和矿物质多。[助读讲解]④过去分词短语causedbychemicalfertilizers作后置定语。⑤过去分词短语grownwithchemicalfertilizers作后置定语。Withthesediscoveries⑥，somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturnto⑦organicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoil(土壤)richandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreduces(减少)diseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers，therefore，oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile(肥沃的)．Thisalsokeepstheair，soil，waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，使用有机耕作的农民们通常爱使用天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，变得更肥沃，还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。[助读讲解]⑥Withthesediscoveries在句中作原因状语。⑦turnto转向；求助于。Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile⑧．Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears，forexample，growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans(大豆)⑨．Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcrops⑩suchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil，forexample，plantingpeanutsthatusetheground'ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeeproots(根)．Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil，andthenleavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear'scrop.Thesemanydifferentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal:togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。他们通常每隔几年就换种农作物，比如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌豆或大豆。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。一些有机耕作的农民更喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，并且避免损害环境或者人们的健康。[助读讲解]⑧动词不定式短语tokeepthesoilfertile作目的状语；keep是使役动词，这是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。⑨现在分词短语growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans作状语。⑩现在分词短语makingitreadyforcrops...作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果，这里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P14教材课文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．Problemscausedbychemical fertilizers.2．Para.2 B．Farmersandcustomersturnto organic farming.3．Para.3 C．Long­termuseofchemicalfert­ ilizerscancausedamagetothelandand people'shealth.4．Para.4 D．Othermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.[答案]1－4CABD第二步细读——把握文章关键信息细读P14教材课文，选择最佳答案1．Fromthepassage，wecanseeorganicfarmersarethosewho．A．growcropswithchemicalfertilizersB．growcropswithnaturalfertilizersC．produceorganicfertilizersD．carefortheenvironment2．Fromthefourthparagraph，weknowthat．A．it'snotgoodtoplantgrassbetweencropsB．peanutsusethesurfaceofsoilC．peasandsoybeansshouldbegrowntogetherwithcornandwheatD．vegetablesthatputdowndeeprootsareharmfultothesoil3．sothatthesoilmaynotgetexhausted.A．FarmersgrowthesamecropsyearafteryearB．FarmersusenaturalfertilizersC．FarmerschangecropseverytwoorthreeyearsD．Farmersusechemicalfertilizers4．Howmanywaysdotheorganicfarmershavetokeeptheirsoilfertileandhealthy?A．3. B．4.C．5. D．6.[答案]1－4BBCB第三步研读——能力升华接轨高考根据P14教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Overthepasthalfcentury，ithasbecomeverycommonforfarmerstousechemicalfertilizersinfarming.1.Itisagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently，however，scientists2.havebeenfinding(find)thatlong­termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandandmakepeople3.unhealthy(health)．Therearelotsofproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers.Thereforesomefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming，whichis4.simply(simple)farmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Farmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfree5.ofdiseasebyusingdifferentmethods.Forexample，theypreferusingnaturalwastefrom6.animals(animal)asfertilizer.Theyoftenchange7.thekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears.Theyalsoplantcrops8.touse(use)differentlevelsofsoil.What'smore，theypreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventthesoilfrom9.beingcarried(carry)awaybywindorwater.10.Their(they)goalistogrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Itisimpolitetomakecomments(评论)onalady'sweight.2．Whilereading，helikesunderlining(画底线标出)thewordsandsentenceshelikes.3．Bacteria(细菌)areverysmalllivingthings，someofwhichcauseillnessordisease.4．Wearehavingdifficultyingettingridofthepests(害虫)inourgarden.5．Sheisanxioustoskim(浏览)throughthearticletryingtofindhername.6．Hisgreatregretinlifeisthathedidn'tbringhometheAmerica'sCup.7．Sincethesoilisrichinminerals，theplantsofthefieldgrowwell.8．Finally，wefoundtherootoftheproblem.9．They'vereducedthepricesintheshop，soit'sagoodtimetodosomeshopping.10．Healthandenvironmentalproblemshaveincreasinglybecomethefocusofattention.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．confusevt.使迷惑；使为难→confusingadj.令人迷惑的→confusedadj.感到迷惑的→confusionn．迷惑2．chemicaladj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistryn．化学→chemistn．化学家；药剂师3．producevt.生产；制造→producern．生产者；制片人→productionn．生产；制造4．discovervt.发现；发觉；观察；观测→discoveryn．发现；发觉5．summaryn．总结；摘要；概要→summarizevt.总结；概述Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．causedamageto 给……造成损害2．buildup 逐渐增强；建立；开发3．leadto 导致；造成(后果)；通向……4．focuson 集中(注意力、精力等)于5．keep．..freefrom/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使…… 不含 (有害物)6．inaddition 另外7．turnto 转向；向……求助8．everyfewyears 每(隔)几年Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Tobementallyhealthy，youneedtobuildupgoodrelationshipswitheachother.2．Thefarmerstakemeasurestokeeptheircropsfreefrom/ofdisease.3．Itisadisturbingproblemthatmanychemicalscanleadtocancer.4．YuanLongpinghasbeenfocusingonsearchingforawaytoincreasericeoutput.5．Ifyouareintrouble，youcanturntomeatanytime.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong­termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，他们会对人们的健康造成危害。完成进行时havebeendoing自从我上个月见到他，他一直在写小说。HehasbeenworkingonhisnovelsinceImethimlastmonth.2.Inaddition，fruit，vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。too...to...“太……而不能……”他太年轻，不能理解你的话。Heistooyoungtounderstandyourwords.3.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。v.­ing作结果状语80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries，makingitapopularsport.confusevt.使迷惑；使为难(教材P13)Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.重新解释一下很重要，否则我们会让学生感到困惑。(1)confuseAwith/andB 把A与B混淆(2)confusedadj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的beconfusedabout... 对……感到困惑(3)confusingadj. (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的①IalwaysconfuseJohnwithhisbrother；theyaresomuchalike.我常常辨别不清约翰和他弟弟，他们太像了。②Iwouldoftengetconfused(confuse)whenIcameacrossnewwordswithasimilarspelling.当遇到拼写相似的生词时，我常常感到困惑。③Theconfusinginstructionsmademeconfused．(confuse)这份令人费解的说明书把我搞糊涂了。regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n．[U，C]遗憾；懊悔(教材P13)Hisfathersaysthathehasneverregrettedsendinghissontostudyabroad.他爸爸说他从不后悔送他儿子出国学习。(1)regretdoing/havingdonesth. 后悔做了某事regrettodosth. 遗憾将要做某事(2)muchtoone'sregret 让某人深感遗憾的是withregret 遗憾地①Ifyoudon'tstudyhardnow，you'llregretitinthefuture.如果你现在不努力学习，将来你会后悔的。②Jerrydidnotregretgiving(give)thecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。③Weregrettoinform(inform)youthatwecannothelpyou.我们遗憾地通知您，我们无法帮助您。④Muchtomyregret，I'munabletoacceptyourkindinvitation.令我非常遗憾的是，我不能接受你善意的邀请。buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发(教材P14)Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学物质会在人体中堆积。putup 张贴；举起；建造；提供食宿setup 建立；开办giveup 放弃addup 加起来①Theirachievementshavebuiltupmyconfidenceanddeterminationinmycareer.他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。②Takingexercisehelpsusbuildupourbodyandkeepaclearmind.锻炼有助于我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。③Theyhavesetupanorganizationtohelpthepoor.他们已成立了一个组织来帮助穷人。leadto导致；造成(后果)；通向……(教材P14)Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。leadsb.todosth. 使某人做某事leadsb.to... 带某人去……leadtheway 带路lead/livea．..life 过……样的生活①Astheoldsayinggoes，“AllroadsleadtoRome.”常言道，条条大道通罗马。②Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief'sbeingcaught(catch)．新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住。③InclassIwilldividethestudentsintosmallgroupsandleadthemtopractice(practice)speakingEnglishinaninterestingway.在课堂上我会把学生分成小组用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。[名师点津]表示“导致”的常用表达还有：cause，resultin，bringabout。[语境助记]Heledtheway，andledustoavillageofTibet.Therewefoundthelocalpeopleledahappylife.他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。focusn．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦(教材P14)Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。(1)focuson 把精力集中于……focusone'sattentiononsth. 把注意力集中到……(2)thefocusofattention 关注的焦点①Thediscussionfocusesonthedeathrateintrafficaccidents.此次讨论集中在交通事故的死亡率上。②Toleadahappylifeinthefuture，youshouldfocusmoreattentiononyourcareerwhileyouareyoung.为了将来过上幸福的生活，趁着年轻你应该多关注你的事业。[名师点津]表示“集中注意力于……”的其他短语：①payattentiontosth.②putone'sheartintosth.③fixone'sattentiononsth.reducevt.减少；减缩；减弱(教材P14)Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。(1)reduceto... 减少到/降低到……reduceby... 减少了/降低了……(2)rise/increaseeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to...增加到……,by...增加了……))①Ifyouwanttoloseweight，trytoreducetheamountoffatinyourdiet.如果你想减肥，请尽量减少饮食中的脂肪。②Ifyoubuymorethanten，theywillreducethepriceby10percent.你如果买10个以上他们就会把价格降低10%。[名师点津]reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase，rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to...表示增减的结果，接by...表示增减的幅度。③Theirsalaryhasbeenincreasedby20percentsincelastyear.自去年以来，他们的工资已经增长了20%。keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)(教材P14)Thisalsokeepstheair，soil，waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。befreefrom/of 不受……伤害forfree/freeofcharge 免费setfree 释放①Theylikelivinginavillagefreefrom/ofcrowdsandnoises.他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。②Yourorderwillbedeliveredforfreewithinaten­milelimit.在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。commentn．[C，U]评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论(教材P15)Swapsummarieswithyourpartnerandgiveeachothercomments.和你的搭档交换摘要并互相评论。(1)Nocomment！ 无可奉告！makecomments/acommentabout/on... 对……加以评论(2)commenton... 对……发表评论commentthat... 评论说……①Shemadehelpfulcommentsonmywork，whichmademeveryhappy.她对我的工作提出了有益的意见，这使我很高兴。②—Doyouhaveanycommentaboutthecauseoftheemergency?——您对这起突发事件发生的原因有何评论？—Nocomment!——无可奉告！③Thereportercommented(comment)thatthisfilmwasverymoving.这位记者评论说，这部电影是很感人的。(教材P14)Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong­termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，他们会对人们的健康造成危害。【要点提炼】该句为现在完成进行时。havebeenfinding是现在完成进行时，现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。①Tom，whohasbeenlearningEnglishformanyyears，isfluentinspokenEnglishnow.汤姆多年来一直学英语，现在英语口语很流利。②Nowonderyouaresotired.Youhavebeenworking(work)allday.难怪你这么累，你已经工作一天了。③Thestudentshavebeenworking(work)hardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.学生们一直在刻苦做功课，他们的努力最终一定会得到回报。(教材P14)Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。【要点提炼】句中makingitready...为现在分词短语作结果状语。动词­ing作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语，描述谓语动词发生后所带来的一种自然而然的结果。①Manypeoplemovedto